Are treatment targets for hypercholesterolemia evidence based? Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Volumn 95, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 673-680

  Lebenthal, Y ^a   Horvath, A ^b   Dziechciarz, P ^b   Szajewska, H ^b   Shamir, Raanan ^a,c  

^a SCHNEIDER CHILDREN S MEDICAL CENTER OF ISRAEL   (Israel)

^b MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW   (Poland)

^c TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; ATORVASTATIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MEVINOLIN; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; ARTERY DILATATION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CINAHL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCHRANE LIBRARY; DATA BASE; DILATATION; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFECT; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MEDLINE; META ANALYSIS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RASH; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ADOLESCENT; BLOOD; CHILD; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; MALE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC);

ADOLESCENT; APOLIPOPROTEINS; CHILD; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; MALE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 77955813602     PISSN: 00039888     EISSN: 14682044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2008.157024     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: 2006 Update. Dallas, Texas, USA: American Heart Association, 2006.
2. Newman WP 3rd, Freedman DS, Voors AW, et al. Relation of serum lipoprotein levels and systolic blood pressure to early atherosclerosis. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1986;314:138-44.
3. McGill HC Jr, McMahan CA, Zieske AW, et al. Associations of coronary heart disease risk factors with the intermediate lesion of atherosclerosis in youth. The Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:1998-2004.
4. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, et al. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1650-6.
5. Report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents. National Cholesterol Education Program. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91-2732, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, September 1991.
6. Kavey RE, Allada V, Daniels SR, et al.Cardiovascular risk reduction in high-risk pediatric patients: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science; the Councils on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Epidemiology and Prevention, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism, High Blood Pressure Research, Cardiovascular Nursing, and the Kidney in Heart Disease; and the Interdisciplinary Working Group on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation 2006;114:2710-38.
7. Daniels, Greer FR; Committee on Nutrition. Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood. Pediatrics 2008;122:198-208.
8. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003;327:557-60.
9. McCrindle BW, Ose L, Marais AD. Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia or severe hyperlipidemia: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr 2003;143:74-80. (Pubitemid 36928572)
10. Clauss SB, Holmes KW, Hopkins P, et al. Efficacy and safety of lovastatin therapy in adolescent girls with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Pediatrics 2005;116:682-8. (Pubitemid 44336686)
11. Stein EA, Illingworth DR, Kwiterovich PO Jr, et al. Efficacy and safety of lovastatin in adolescent males with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999;281:137-44.
12. Knipscheer HC, Boelen CC, Kastelein JJ, et al. Short-term efficacy and safety of pravastatin in 72 children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Pediatr Res 1996;39:867-71.
13. Wiegman A, Hutten BA, de Groot E, et al. Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;292:331-7. (Pubitemid 38944256)
14. de Jongh S, Ose L, Szamosi T, et al. Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with simvastatin. Circulation 2002;106:2231-7.
15. de Jongh S, Lilien MR, op't Roodt J, et al. Early statin therapy restores endothelial function in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:2117-21.
16. Couture P, Brun LD, Szots F, et al. Association of specific LDL receptor gene mutations with differential plasma lipoprotein response to simvastatin in young French Canadians with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:1007-12. (Pubitemid 28272598)
17. Lambert M, Lupien PJ, Gagné C, et al. Treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents: effect of lovastatin. Canadian Lovastatin in Children Study Group. Pediatrics 1996;97:619-28.
18. McCrindle BW, Helden E, Cullen-Dean G, et al. A randomized crossover trial of combination pharmacologic therapy in children with familial hyperlipidemia. Pediatr Res 2002;51:715-21. (Pubitemid 34547334)
19. Rodenburg J, Vissers MN, Wiegman A, et al. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein in children with familial hypercholesterolemia and unaffected siblings: effect of pravastatin. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1803-10.
20. Tonstad S, Sivertsen M, Aksnes L, et al. Low dose colestipol in adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Arch Dis Child 1996;74:157-60. (Pubitemid 26057700)
21. Tonstad S, Ose L. Colestipol tablets in adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Acta Paediatr 1996;85:1080-2. (Pubitemid 26302769)
22. Wheeler KA, West RJ, Lloyd JK, et al. Double blind trial of bezafibrate in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Arch Dis Child 1985;60:34-7.
23. Koeijvoets KC, Rodenburg J, Hutten BA, et al. Low-density lipoprotein receptor genotype and response to pravastatin in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: substudy of an intima-media thickness trial. Circulation 2005;112:3168-73. (Pubitemid 43113445)
24. Avis HJ, Vissers MN, Stein EA, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007;27:1803-10.
25. Liao JK, Laufs U. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005;45:89-118.
26. Rodenburg J, Vissers MN, Wiegman A, et al. Statin treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: the younger, the better. Circulation 2007;116:664-8. (Pubitemid 47356351)
27. Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH Jr, et al. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1264-72.
28. Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Biomedicine. Lowering LDL-not only how low, but how long? Science 2006;311:1721-23.
29. de Ferranti S, Ludwig DS. Storm over statins - the controversy surrounding pharmacologic treatment of children. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1309-12.
30. McCrindle BW, Urbina EM, Dennison BA, et al. Drug therapy of high-risk lipid abnormalities in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee, Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, with the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation 2007;115:1948-67.
31. Kwiterovich PO Jr. Recognition and management of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:4200-9.
32. de Jongh S, Kerckhoffs MC, Grootenhuis MA, et al. Quality of life, anxiety and concerns among statin-treated children with familial hypercholesterolaemia and their parents. Acta Paediatr 2003;92:1096-101.
33. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004;110:227-39.
34. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al.; Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005;366:1267-78.
35. Hayward RA, Hofer TP, Vijan S. Narrative review: lack of evidence for recommended low-density lipoprotein treatment targets: a solvable problem. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:520-30. (Pubitemid 46780956)
36. Smilde TJ, van Wissen S, Wollersheim H, et al. Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2001;357:577-81. (Pubitemid 32179609)
37. LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, et al.; Treating to New Targets (TNT) Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1425-35.
38. Pitt B, Waters D, Brown WV, et al. Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999;341:70-6.
39. Pedersen TR, Faergeman O, Kastelein JJ, et al.; Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering (IDEAL) Study Group. High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;294:2437-45.