The Web 2.0 Olympics: Athlete blogging, social networking and policy contradictions at the 2008 Beijing games

Convergence

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 279-297

  Hutchins, Brett ^a   Mikosza, Janine ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Beijing Olympics; blogging; media sport content economy; media sport cultural complex; mediatization; social networking; sports media

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955796783     PISSN: 13548565     EISSN: 17487382     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1354856510367618     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Altheide, D.L. (2004) 'Media Logic and Political Communication', Political Communication 21(3): 293-96.
2. Altheide, D. and Snow, R. (1979) Media Logic. Beverley Hills, CA: SAGE.
3. AOC - Australian Olympic Committee (2008) 'Schedule 6 Media Guidelines. 2008 Australian Olympic Team', in 2008 Australian Olympic Team Membership Agreement - Athletes, pp. 43-5. St Leonards, NSW: AOC.
4. Art of Peace Foundation (2008) 'Songs for Tibet - The Art of Peace Foundation's Music Project'. URL (accessed August 2008): www. artofpeacefoundation.org/index.php?page=songs
5. Associated Press (2008a) 'Judo Official Quits Amid Molest Allegations', SF Gate 28 July. URL (accessed August 2008): http://imgs.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/ article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/28/SPO0120FNO.DTL&hw=medalists&sn=115&sc= 141
6. Associated Press (2008b) 'China Revokes Ex-Speedskater Joey Cheek's Visa', msnbc 6 August. URL (accessed August 2008): http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/ 26047166/#storyContinued
7. Bale, J. and Christensen, M.K., eds (2004) Post-Olympism: Questioning Sport in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: Berg.
8. Bauman, Z. (1987) Legislators and Interpreters. Cambridge: Polity Press.
9. Beck, U. (1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: SAGE.
10. Beijing 2008 (2008) 'Olympic Video Games'. URL (accessed August 2008): www.sega.co.uk/beijingolympics/en
11. Benkler, Y. (2006) The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press.
12. Bloom, M. (2008) 'Streaming the 2008 Beijing Olympics', Streamingmedia.com, 13 June. URL (accessed November 2008): http://www. streamingmedia.com/article.asp?id=10405
13. Boyle, R. and Haynes, R. (2004) Football in the New Media Age. London: Routledge.
14. Bruns, A. (2005) Gatewatching: Collaborative Online News Production. New York: Peter Lang.
15. Bruns, A. (2008) Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang.
16. Bruns, A. and Jacobs, J., eds (2006) Uses of Blogs. New York: Peter Lang.
17. Bryant, N. (2007) 'Australian Athlete Blogs Banned', BBC News, 9 February. URL (accessed June 2008): http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/ 6345085.stm
18. Caffrey, K. (2008a) 'Epilogue. Sideshow Beijing 2008: An Absence of Euphoria Beyond the Southern Clouds', International Journal of the History of Sport 25(7): 935-51.
19. Carpenter, M. (2008) 'Old Media Under Attack by Bloggers and Their Ilk', Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 26 August. URL (accessed November 2008): http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08241/907631-470.stm
20. Castells, M. (2000) The Rise of the Network Society (2nd edition). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
21. Castells, M., Fernandez-Ardevol, M., Qiu, J.L. and Sey, A. (2007) Mobile Communication and Society: A Global Perspective. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
22. Cheng, J. (2008) 'Great Firewall of China May Hinder Blogging Olympians', Ars Technica 18 February. URL (accessed July 2008): http://arstechnica.com/old/ content/2008/02/olympic-bloggers-oked-by-ioc-chinacould-be-another-story.ars
23. Close, P., Askew, D. and Xin, X. (2007) The Beijing Olympiad: The Political Economy of a Sporting Mega-Event. London: Routledge.
24. Conn, M. (2007) 'Naked Fury Over Fake Watson Site', The Australian 10 August. URL (accessed August 2007): http://www.australianit.news.com.au/story/0, 24897,22220252-15306,00.html
25. Cormode, G. and Krishnamurthy, B. (2008) 'Key Differences Between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0', First Monday 13(6). http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/ index.php/fm/article/view/2125/1972
26. Couldry, N. (2008) 'Mediatization or Mediation? Alternative Understandings of the Emergent Space of Digital Storytelling', New Media and Society 10(3): 373-91.
27. Current TV (2008) URL (accessed May 2008): www.current.com
28. Dart, J.J. (2009) 'Blogging the 2006 FIFA World Cup Finals', Sociology of Sport Journal 26(1): 107-26.
29. Dayan, D. (2008) 'Beyond Media Events: Disenchantment, Derailment, Disruption', in M.E. Price and D. Dayan (eds) Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the New China, pp. 391-401. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
30. Derober (2008) '8 Athletes Who Blog (and 2 That Shouldn't)', 10 July. URL (accessed July 2008): www.derober.com/2008/07/10/8-athletes-who-blog-and-2- that-shouldnt
31. Evans, Cadel (2008) URL (accessed July 2008): www.cadelevans.com.au
32. Friedman, Mike (2008a) Mike Friedman Missing Saddle. URL (accessed August 2008): http://www.mikefriedman.missingsaddle.com/
33. fring (2008a) 'Wanted: fringing Olympic commentators'. URL (accessed July 2008): http://www.fring.com/blog/?p=280
34. fring (2008b) 'Welcome to fringOlympics!' URL (accessed August 2009): www.fring.com/fun/fringolympics/#pageUp
35. Fry, A. (2008) 'In Defiance of the Downturn', Sport Business International 139, October: 34-9.
36. Green, J. (2008) 'Why Do They Call It TV When It's Not on the Box? "New" Television Services and Old Television Functions', Media International Australia 126: 95-104.
37. Gurak, L., Antonijevic, S., Johnson, L.A., Ratliff, C. and Reyman, J., eds (2004) Into the Blogosphere: Rhetoric, Community and Culture of Weblogs. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. URL (accessed 24 March 2010): http://blog.lib.umn.edu/blogosphere/
38. Guttmann, A. (2002) The Olympics: A History of the Modern Games. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
39. Horne, J. and Manzenreiter, W., eds (2006) Sports Mega-Events: Social Scientific Analyses of a Global Phenomenon. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
40. Humphreys, L. and Finlay, C.J. (2008) 'New Technologies, New Narratives', in M.E. Price and D. Dayan (eds) Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the New China, pp. 284-306. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
41. Hutcheon, S. (2008a) 'Masked Cyclist: "I'd Do It Again"', The Age 8 August. URL (accessed August 2008): http://www.theage.com.au/cgi-bin/ common/popupPrintArticle.pl?path=/articles/2008/08/08/1218139043975.html
42. Hutcheon, S. (2008b) 'Dalai Lama Muso Didn't Mean to Hit iTunes', Sydney Morning Herald 22 August. URL (accessed August 2008): http://www.smh.com.au/ news/technology/creator-shocked-at-chinaitunes-ban/2008/08/22/1219262492497.html
43. Hutchins, B. (2007) 'Public Culture, Independent Online News and the Tasmanian Times', Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism 8(2): 205-25.
44. Hutchins, B. (2010) 'The Acceleration of Media Sport Culture: Twitter, Telepresence and Online Messaging', unpublished manuscript.
45. Hutchins, B. and Rowe, D. (2009), 'From Broadcast Rationing to Digital Plenitude: The Changing Dynamics of the Media Sport Content Economy', Television and New Media 10(4): 354-70.
46. Hutchins, B., Rowe, D. and Ruddock, A. (2009) '"It's Fantasy Football Made Real": Networked Media Sport, the Internet and the Hybrid Reality of MyFootballClub', Sociology of Sport Journal 26(1): 89-106.
47. IOC - International Olympic Committee (2007) Olympic Charter. Lausanne, Switzerland: IOC.
48. IOC (2008a) 'IOC Internet Guidelines for the Written Press and Other Non-Rights Holding Media, Games of the XXIX Olympiad, Beijing 2008'. Lausanne, Switzerland: IOC.
49. IOC (2008b) 'IOC Blogging Guidelines for Persons Accredited at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, Beijing 2008'. Lausanne, Switzerland: IOC.
50. IOC (2008c) 'IOC Internet Guidelines for National Olympic Committees, Games of the XXIX Olympiad, Beijing 2008'. Lausanne, Switzerland: IOC.
51. IOC (2009) International Olympic Committee Submission to the Australian Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Communications and the Arts for its Inquiry Into the Reporting of Sports News and the Emergence of Digital Media, 6 April. Lausanne, Switzerland: IOC. URL (accessed August 2009): http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/eca-ctte/sports-news/submissions.htm
52. Jenkins, H. (2003) 'Curt Schilling, Media Theorist?', Technology Review 20 December. URL (accessed August 2007): http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/ post.aspx?bid=293&bpid=15720
53. Jenkins, H. (2006a) Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.
54. Jenkins, H. (2006b). Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers: Exploring Participatory Culture. New York: New York University Press.
55. Jenkins, H. and Deuze, M. (2008) 'Editorial: Convergence Culture', Convergence 14(1): 5-12.
56. Jerga, J. (2009) 'Twittering Sports Stars with Loose Fingers Keep Bosses Nervous', The Age 26 October. URL (accessed October 2009): http://www.theage. com.au/news/sport/stars-make-bosses-nervous/2009/10/25/1256405308077.html
57. Lopez Lomong (2008) URL (accessed August 2008): http://lopezlomong.org
58. Macur, J. (2008) 'U.S. Cyclists Are Masked, and Criticism is Not', New York Times 6 August. URL (accessed August 2008): http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/ 06/sports/olympics/06masks.html
59. McKay, J., Hutchins, B. and Mikosza, J. (2000) '"Shame and Scandal in the Family": Media Narratives of the IOC/SOCOG Scandal Matrix', Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies IX: 25-48.
60. Magnay, J. (2008) 'Behave or Else: IOC, China Lay Down the Law for the Games', Sydney Morning Herald 7 May. URL (accessed May 2008): http://www.smh.com.au/news/beijing2008/behave-or-else-ioc-chinalay-down-the-law- for-games/2008/05/06/1209839647463.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1
61. Miah, A., Garcia, B. and Zhihui, T. (2008) '"We are the Media": Non-Accredited Media and Citizen Journalists at the Olympic Games', in M.E. Price and D. Dayan (eds) Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the New China, pp. 320-45. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
62. NBC (2008) 'NBC's Complete Olympics', nbcolympics.com, 9 July. URL (accessed November 2008): http://www.nbcolympics.com/newscenter/news/newsid= 148556.html
63. OhmyNews (2008) OhmyNews International. URL (accessed May 2008): english.ohmynews.com
64. Parliament of Australia Senate Standing Committee (2009) 'Reference: Reporting of Sports News and the Emergence of Digital Media', Proof Committee Hansard, Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Communications and the Arts, Commonwealth of Australia, 29 April, Melbourne.
65. Payne, M. (2006) Olympic Turnaround. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
66. Poor, N. (2006) 'Playing Internet Curveball with Traditional Media Gatekeepers: Pitcher Curt Schilling and Boston Red Sox Fans', Convergence 12(1): 41-53.
67. Price, M.E. (2008) 'On Seizing the Olympic Platform', in M.E. Price and D. Dayan (eds) Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the New China, pp. 86-114. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
68. Price, M.E. and Dayan, D., eds (2008) Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the New China. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
69. PRLog (2008) 'Olympic Athletes Worldwide Download "Songs For Tibet" Wearing an iPod Symbolizing Freedom', 6 August. URL (accessed August 2008): http://www.prlog.org/10100238-olympic-athletesworldwide-download-songs- for-tibet-wearing-ipod-symbolizing-freedom.html
70. Roberts, K. (2009) 'The View from the Top', Sportbusiness International 142(February): 26-8.
71. Roche, M. (2000) Mega-Events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture. London: Routledge.
72. Rodzvilla, J., ed. (2002) We've Got Blog. How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publications.
73. Rowe, D. (2004) Sport, Culture and the Media: The Unruly Trinity (2nd edition). Maidenhead: Open University Press.
74. Saurine, A. (2008) 'Stephanie Rice Facebook Pictures Censored', The Daily Telegraph 2 April. URL (accessed April 2008): http://www.news.com.au/ dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,23468911-5001021,00.html
75. Schaffer, K. and Smith, S., eds (2000) The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
76. Shirky, C. (2003) 'A Group is its Own Worst Enemy', A Speech at the O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference, Santa Clara, 24 April. Clay Shirky's Writing About the Internet. URL (accessed March 2009): http://www.shirky.com/ writings/group-enemy.html
77. Singer, J.B. (2003) 'Who Are These Guys? The Online Challenge to the Notion of Journalistic Professionalism', Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism 4(2): 139-63.
78. Singer, J.B. (2005) 'The Political J-Blogger: "Normalizing" a New Media Form to Fit Old Norms and Practices', Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism 6(2): 173-98.
79. Singer, J.B. (2006) 'Journalists and News Bloggers: Complements, Contradictions and Challenges', in A. Bruns and J. Jacobs (eds) Uses of Blogs, pp. 23-32. New York: Peter Lang.
80. Slater, J. (2009) 'Twitter Suspicion Makes Roddick Titter', Sydney Morning Herald 31 August. URL (accessed August 2009): http://www.smh.com.au/ articles/2009/08/30/1251570622753.html
81. Smart, B. (2007) 'Not Playing Around: Global Capitalism, Modern Sport and Consumer Culture', Global Networks 7(2): 113-34.
82. Smith, M.D. (2008) 'Judo Olympian Ronda Rousey Uses Her Blog to Accuse an Official of Molesting Athletes', AOL Fanhouse, 25 June. URL (accessed July 2008): http://olympics.fanhouse.com/2008/06/25/judo-olympian-ronda-rousey-uses- her-blog-to-accuse-an-official-o/
83. Sparre, K. (2007a) 'Athletes Are Forbidden to Update Websites and Blogs from Pan Am Games', Play the Game, 23 February. URL (accessed February 2007): http://www.playthegame.org/news/detailed/athletesare-forbidden-to-update- websites-and-blogs-from-pan-am-games.html
84. Sports Factor, The (2008) 'On Your Blogs, Get Set, Go! Athletes and the New Media', ABC Radio National, 7 March. URL (accessed March 2008): http://www.abc.net.au/rn/sportsfactor/stories/2008/2179195.htm
85. Tay, J. and Turner, G. (2008) 'What is Television? Comparing Media Systems in the Post-Broadcast Era', Media International Australia 126: 71-81.
86. Team Darfur (2008) 'Team Darfur'. URL (accessed July 2008): www.teamdarfur.org
87. Thomas, Etan (2008) The Huffington Post. URL (accessed July 2008): www.huffingtonpost.com/etanthomas
88. Thompson, J.B. (2000) Political Scandal: Power and Visibility in the Media Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
89. Tomlinson, A. (2008) 'Olympic Values, Beijing's Olympic Games, and the Universal Market', in M.E. Price and D. Dayan (eds) Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the New China, pp. 67-85. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
90. Toohey, K. (2008) 'Terrorism, Sport and Public Policy in the Risk Society', Sport in Society 11(4): 429-42.
91. Wenner, L.A., ed. (1998) MediaSport. London: Routledge.
92. YouTube (2008) 'The Olympics'. URL (accessed August 2009): www.youtube.com/user/beijing2008
93. Zhang, L.L. (2006) 'Behind the "Great Firewall": Decoding China's Internet Media Policies from the Inside', Convergence 12(3): 271-91.