C-reactive protein in gingival crevicular fluid may be indicative of systemic inflammation

Journal of Clinical Periodontology

Volumn 37, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 797-804

  Megson, Emma ^a,b   Fitzsimmons, Tracy ^a,b   Dharmapatni, Kencana ^b   Mark Bartold, P ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

C reactive protein; gingival crevicular fluid; inflammation

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; MESSENGER RNA;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; GENETICS; GINGIVA; GINGIVA BLEEDING; GINGIVA HYPERPLASIA; GINGIVITIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INFLAMMATION; MALE; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PERIODONTAL POCKET; PERIODONTITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; GINGIVA; GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID; GINGIVAL HEMORRHAGE; GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA; GINGIVITIS; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INFLAMMATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERIODONTAL POCKET; PERIODONTITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, MESSENGER;

EID: 77955738641     PISSN: 03036979     EISSN: 1600051X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01603.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aletaha, D., Funovits, J., Keystone, E. C. Smolen, J. S. (2007) Disease activity early in the course of treatment predicts response to therapy after one year in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis and Rheumatism 56, 3226 3235.
2. Armitage, G. C. (1999) Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Annals of Periodontology 4, 1 6.
3. Beck, J. D., Slade, G. Offenbacher, S. (2000) Oral disease, cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammation. Periodontology 2000 23, 110 120.
4. Black, S., Kushner, I. Samols, D. (2004) C-reactive protein. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, 48487 48490.
5. Blake, G. J. Ridker, P. M. (2001) High sensitivity C-reactive protein for predicting cardiovascular disease: an inflammatory hypothesis. European Heart Journal 22, 349 352.
6. Blake, G. J., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E. Ridker, P. M. (2003) Blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and risk of future cardiovascular events. Circulation 108, 2993 2999. (Pubitemid 37553568)
7. Bruns, A. H. W., Oosterheert, J. J., Hak, E. Hoepelman, A. I. M. (2008) Usefulness of consecutive C-reactive protein measurements in follow-up of severe community-acquired pneumonia. European Respiratory Journal 32, 726 732.
8. Cairo, F., Castellani, S., Gori, A. M., Nieri, M., Baldelli, G., Abbate, R. Pini-Prato, G. P. (2008) Severe periodontitis in young adults is associated with sub-clinical atherosclerosis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35, 465 472.
9. Cawthon, R. M. (2002) Telomere measurement by quantitative PCR. Nucleic Acids Research 30, e47.
10. Christodoulides, N., Mohanty, S., Miller, C. S., Langub, M. C., Floriano, P. N., Dharshan, P., Ali, M. F., Bernard, B., Romanovicz, D., Anslyn, E., Fox, P. C. McDevitt, J. T. (2005) Application of microchip assay system for the measurement of C-reactive protein in human saliva. Lab on a Chip - Miniaturisation for Chemistry and Biology 5, 261 269.
11. Claus, D. R., Osmand, A. P. Gewurz, H. (1976) Radioimmunoassay of human C-reactive protein and levels in normal sera. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 87, 120 128.
12. Dasu, M. R., Devaraj, S., Du Clos, T. W. Jialal, I. (2007) The biological effects of CRP are not attributable to endotoxin contamination: evidence from TLR4 knockdown human aortic endothelial cells. Journal of Lipid Research 48, 509 512.
13. Dehghan, A., Kardys, I., de Maat, M. P., Uitterlinden, A. G., Sijbrands, E. J., Bootsma, A. H., Stijnen, T., Hofman, A., Schram, M. T. Witteman, J. C. (2007) Genetic variation, C-reactive protein levels, and incidence of diabetes. Diabetes 56, 872 878.
14. Ebersole, J. L. Cappelli, D. (2000) Acute-phase reactants in infections and inflammatory diseases. Periodontology 2000 23, 19 49.
15. Fitzsimmons, T. R., Sanders, A. E., Bartold, P. M. Slade, G. D. (2010) Local and systemic biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid increase odds of periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 37, 30 36.
16. Fitzsimmons, T. R., Sanders, A. E., Slade, G. D. Bartold, P. M. (2009) Biomarkers of periodontal inflammation in the Australian adult population. Australian Dental Journal 54, 115 122.
17. Floriano, P. N., Christodoulides, N., Miller, C. S., Ebersole, J. L., Spertus, J., Rose, B. G., Kinane, D. F., Novak, M. J., Steinhubl, S., Acosta, S., Mohanty, S., Dharshan, P., Yeh, C. K., Redding, S., Furmaga, W. McDevitt, J. T. (2009) Use of saliva-based nano-biochip tests for acute myocardial infarction at the point of care: a feasibility study. Clinical Chemistry 55, 1530 1538.
18. Gabay, C. Kushner, I. (1999) Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. New England Journal of Medicine 340, 448 454.
19. Gould, J. M. Weiser, J. N. (2001) Expression of C-reactive protein in the human respiratory tract. Infection and Immunity 69, 1747 1754.
20. Higashi, Y., Goto, C., Jitsuiki, D., Umemura, T., Nishioka, K., Hidaka, T., Takemoto, H., Nakamura, S., Soga, J., Chayama, K., Yoshizumi, M. Taguchi, A. (2008) Periodontal infection is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. Hypertension 51, 446 453.
21. Hirasaki, S., Yamazaki, T. Shiba, K. (2005) Changes in salivary components by drug administration in patients with heart diseases. Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 52, 183 188.
22. Ho, K. J., Owens, C. D., Longo, T., Sui, X. X., Ifantides, C. Conte, M. S. (2008) C-reactive protein and vein graft disease: evidence for a direct effect on smooth muscle cell phenotype via modulation of PDGF receptor-beta. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, H1132 H1140.
23. Hurlimann, J., Thorbecke, G. J. Hochwald, G. M. (1966) The liver as the site of C-reactive protein formation. Journal of Experimental Medicine 123, 365 378.
24. Jabs, W. J., Busse, M., Kruger, S., Jocham, D., Steinhoff, J. Doehn, C. (2005) Expression of C-reactive protein by renal cell carcinoma and unaffected surrounding renal tissue. Kidney International 68, 2103 2110.
25. Jabs, W. J., Logering, B. A., Gerke, P., Kreft, B., Wolber, E.-M., Kliger, M. H. F., Fricke, L. Steinhoff, J. (2003a) The kidney as a second site of human C-reactive protein formation in vivo. European Journal of Immunology 33, 152 161.
26. Jabs, W. J., Theissing, E., Nitschke, M., Bechtel, M. J. F., Duchrow, M., Mohamed, S., Jahrbeck, B., Sievers, H.-H., Steinhoff, J. Bartels, C. (2003b) Local generation of C-reactive protein in diseased coronary artery venous bypass grafts and normal vascular tissue. Circulation 108, 1428 1431.
27. Kinlay, S. (2007) Low-density lipoprotein-dependent and -independent effects of cholesterol-lowering therapies on C-reactive protein: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49, 2003 2009.
28. Kuta, A. E. Baum, L. L. (1986) C-reactive protein is produced by a small number of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Journal of Experimental Medicine 164, 321 326.
29. Lagervall, M., Jansson, L. Bergström, J. (2003) Systemic disorders in patients with periodontal disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 30, 293 299.
30. Marcaccini, A. M., Meschiari, C. A., Sorgl, C. A., Saraiva, M. C. P., De Souza, A. M., Faccioli, L. H., Tanus-Santos, J. E., Novaes, A. B. Gerlach, R. F. (2009) Circulating intereukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein decrease after periodontal therapy in otherwise healthy subjects. Journal of Periodontology 80, 594 602.
31. Mattila, K., Vesanen, M., Valtonen, V., Nieminen, M., Palosuo, T., Rasi, V. Asikainen, S. (2002) Effect of treating periodontitis on C-reactive protein levels: a pilot study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2, 30.
32. Miller, L. L., Bly, C. G., Watson, M. L. Bale, W. F. (1951) The dominant role of the liver in plasma protein synthesis; a direct study of the isolated perfused rat liver with the aid of lysine-epsilon-C14. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 94, 431 453.
33. Offenbacher, S., Beck, J. D., Moss, K., Mendoza, L., Paquette, D. W., Barrow, D. A., Couper, D. J., Stewart, D. D., Falkner, K. L., Graham, S. P., Grossi, S., Gunsolley, J. C., Madden, T., Maupome, G., Trevisan, M., Van Dyke, T. E. Genco, R. J. (2009) Results from the Periodontitis and Vascular Events (PAVE) Study: a pilot multicentered, randomized, controlled trial to study effects of periodontal therapy in a secondary prevention model of cardiovascular disease. Journal of Periodontology 80, 190 201.
34. Offenbacher, S., Odle, B. M., Gray, R. C. Van Dyke, T. E. (1984) Crevicular fluid prostaglandin E levels as a measure of the periodontal disease status of adult and juvenile periodontitis patients. Journal of Periodontal Research 19, 1 13.
35. Ouchi, N., Kihara, S., Funahashi, T., Nakamura, T., Nishida, M., Kumada, M., Okamoto, Y., Nagaretani, H., Kishida, K., Nishizawa, H., Maeda, N., Kobayashi, H., Hiraoka, H. Matsuzawa, Y. (2003) Reciprocal association of C-reactive protein with adiponectin in blood stream and adipose tissue. Circulation 107, 671 674.
36. Paraskevas, S., Huizinga, J. D. Loos, B. G. (2008) A systematic review and meta-analyses on C-reactive protein in relation to periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35, 277 290.
37. Pearson, T., Ballantyne, C., Sisk, C., Shah, A., Veltri, E. Maccubbin, D. (2007) Comparison of effects of ezetimibesimvastatin versus simvastatin versus atorvastatin in reducing C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The American Journal of Cardiology 99, 1706 1713.
38. Pederson, E. D., Stanke, S. R., Whitener, S. J., Sebastiani, P. T., Lamberts, B. L. Turner, D. W. (1995) Salivary levels of alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, C-reactive protein, cathepsin G and elastase in humans with or without destructive periodontal disease. Archives of Oral Biology 40, 1151 1155.
39. Pepys, M. B. (1981) C-reactive protein fifty years on. Lancet 1, 653 657.
40. Pradhan, A. D., Manson, J. E., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E. Ridker, P. M. (2001) C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association 286, 327 334.
41. Sanders, A. E., Slade, G. D., Fitzsimmons, T. R. Bartold, P. M. (2009) Physical activity, inflammatory biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid and periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 36, 388 395.
42. Schutte, K. Malfertheiner, P. (2008) Markers for predicting severity and progression of acute pancreatitis. Best Practice and Research in Clinical Gastroenterology 22, 75 90.
43. Sibraa, P. D., Reinhardt, R. A., Dyer, J. K. DuBois, L. M. (1991) Acute-phase protein detection and quantification in gingival crevicular fluid by direct and indirect immunodot. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 18, 101 106.
44. Slade, G. D., Spencer, A. J. Roberts-Thomson, K. F. (2007) Australia's Dental Generations: the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-06. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Available at : edition. Dental Statistics and Research Series, Canberra. Accessed on 20 February 2010.
45. Steel, D. Whitehead, A. S. (1994) The major acute phase reactants: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P component and serum amyloid A protein. Immunology Today 15, 81 88.
46. Tang, T. H., Fitzsimmons, T. R. Bartold, P. M. (2009) Effect of smoking on concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and osteoprotegerin in human gingival crevicular fluid. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 36, 713 718.
47. Trombone, A. P. F., Ferreira, S. B. Jr., Raimundo, F. M., De Moura, K. C. R., Avila-Campos, M. J., Silva, J. S., Campanelli, A. P., De Franco, M. Garlet, G. P. (2009) Experimental periodontitis in mice selected for maximal or minimal inflammatory reactions: increased inflammatory immune responsiveness drives increased alveolar bone loss without enhancing the control of periodontal infection. Journal of Periodontal Research 44, 443 451.
48. Turu, M. M., Slevin, M., Matou, S., West, D., Rodriguez, C., Luque, A., Grau-Olivares, M., Badimon, L., Martinez-Gonzalez, J. Krupinski, J. (2008) C-reactive protein exerts angiogenic effects on vascular endothelial cells and modulates associated signalling pathways and gene expression. BMC Cell Biology 9, 47.
49. Tuter, G., Kurtis, B. Serdar, M. (2007) Evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in chronic periodontitis patients with or without coronary artery disease. Journal of Periodontology 78, 2319 2324.
50. Vainas, T., Lubbers, T., Stassen, F. R., Herngreen, S. B., van Dieijen-Visser, M. P., Bruggeman, C. A., Kitslaar, P. J. Schurink, G. W. (2003) Serum C-reactive protein level is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm size and may be produced by aneurysmal tissue. Circulation 107, 1103 1105.
51. Yasojima, K., Schwab, C., McGeer, E. G. McGeer, P. L. (2000) Human neurons generate C-reactive protein and amyloid P: upregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Research 887, 80 89.
52. Yasojima, K., Schwab, C., McGeer, E. G. McGeer, P. L. (2001) Generation of C-reactive protein and complement components in atherosclerotic plaques. American Journal of Pathology 158, 1039 1051.