Acute-phase reactants in infections and inflammatory diseases

Periodontology 2000

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 19-49

  Ebersole, Jeffrey L ^a   Cappelli, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN; AUTACOID; INTERLEUKIN DERIVATIVE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; HUMAN; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM; PERIODONTITIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; STRESS;

ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; ACUTE-PHASE REACTION; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; INTERLEUKINS; NEOPLASMS; PERIODONTITIS; STRESS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 0034208840     PISSN: 09066713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2230103.x     Document Type: Article

References (162)

1. 2 enters the brain following stimulation of the acute phase immune response. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997: 813: 287-293.
2. Adonogianaki E, Mooney J, Kinane DF. The ability of gingival crevicular fluid acute phase proteins to distinguish healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites. J Clin Periodontol 1992: 19: 98-102.
3. Adonogianaki E, Moughal NA, Mooney J, Stirruups DR, Kinane DF. Acute-phase proteins in gingival crevicular fluid during experimentally induced gingivitis. J Periodontal Res 1994: 29: 196-202.
4. Arai T, Tabona P, Summerfield JA. Human mannose-binding protein gene is regulated by interleukins, dexamethasone and heat shock. Q J Med 1993: 86: 575-582.
5. Arend WP. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Adv Immunol 1994: 54: 167-228.
6. Baumann H, Gauldie J. The acute phase response. Immunol Today 1994: 15: 74-80.
7. Beck J, Garcia R, Heiss G, Vokonas PS, Offenbacher S. Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol 1996: 67: 1123-1137.
8. Berendes E, Möllhoff T, Van Aken H, Erren M, Deng MC, Loick HM. Increased plasma concentrations of serum amyloid A: an indicator of the acute-phase response after cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Care Med 1997: 25: 1527-1533.
9. Berger D, Bolke E, Seidelmann M, Beger HG. Time-scale of interleukin-6, myeloid related proteins (MRP), C reactive protein (CRP), and endotoxin plasma levels during the postoperative acute phase reaction. Shock 1997: 7: 422-126.
10. Berk M, Wadee AA, Kuschke RH, O'Neill-Kerr A. Acute phase proteins in major depression. J Psychosom Res 1997: 43: 529-534.
11. Bickel M. The role of interleukin-8 in inflammation and mechanisms of regulation. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 456-460.
12. Biemond I, Verspaget HW, Wetterman IT. Acute-phase reactants and activity of Crohn's disease. In: Peeters H, ed. Protides of the biological fluids. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986: 617-620.
13. Bienvenu J, Bienvenu F, Sann L. Acute phase proteins in the neonate: normal values and clinical interest in disease. In: Peeters H, ed. Protides of the biological fluids. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986: 573-579.
14. Bondeson J. Effects of tenidap on intracellular signal transduction and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines: a review. Gen Pharmacol 1996: 27: 943-956.
15. Borden EC, Chin P. Interleukin-6: a cytokine with potential diagnostic and therapeutic roles. J Lab Clin Med 1994: 123: 824-829.
16. Bouffet E, Philip T, Negrier C, French M, Frappaz D, Gentilhomme O, Gianella-Borradori A, Brunat-Mentigny M, Blay JY. Phase I study of interleukin-6 in children with solid tumours in relapse. Eur J Cancer 1997: 33: 1620-1626.
17. Bowman BH, Adraian GS, Lum JB, Naberhaus KH, Yang F. Conserved sequences in the 5′ regions of the human transferrin (TF) and haptoglobin (Hp) genes that may relate to the acute phase reaction. In: Peeters H, ed. Protides of the biological fluids. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986: 223-226.
18. Buess T, Ludwig C. Diagnostic value of C-reactive protein in comparison with erythrocyte sedimentation as routine admission diagnostic test. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1995: 125: 120-124.
19. Cabana VG, Lukens JR, Rice KS, Hawkins TJ, Getz GS. HDL content and composition in acute phase response in three species: triglyceride enrichment of HDL a factor in its decrease. J Lipids Res 1996: 3377: 2662-2643.
20. Chambers RE, Whicher JT. Use of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein measurements in assessing inflammatory disease. In: Peeters H, ed. Protides of the biological fluids. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986: 351-354.
21. Chapple IL, Mason GI, Garner I, Matthews JB, Thorpe GH, Maxwell SR, Whitehead TP. Enhanced chemiluminescent assay for measuring the total antioxidant capacity of serum, saliva, and crevicular fluid. Ann Clin Biochem 1997: 34: 412-421.
22. Clark GH, Fraser CG. Biological variation of acute phase proteins. Ann Clin Biochem 1993: 30: 373-376.
23. Collins JG, Smith MA, Arnold RR, Offenbacher S. Effects of Eshcerichia coli and Porphyromonas gingvalis lipopolysaccharide on pregnancy outcome in the golden hamster. Infect Immun 1994: 62: 4652-4655.
24. Collins JG, Windley III HW, Arnold RR, Offenbacher S. Effects of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection on inflammatory mediator response and pregnancy outcome in hamsters. Infect Immun 1994: 62: 4356-4361.
25. Cox G, Gauldie J. Interleukin-6. In: Remick DG, Friedland JS, ed. Cytokines in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 81-100.
26. Cucianu M, Plesca L, Bodizs G, Colhon D, Brudasca I. Acute phase reaction and the hemostatic balance. Rom J Intern Med 1996: 34: 13-18.
27. Curti BD, Urba WJ, Longo DL, Janik JE, Sharfman WH, Miller LL, Cizza G, Shimizu M, Oppenheim JJ, Alvord WG, Smith JW. Endocrine effects of IL-1 alpha and beta administered in a phase I trial to patients with advanced breast cancer. J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol 1996: 19: 142-148.
28. Cush JJ, Lipsky PE, Posthlethwaite AE, Schrohenloher RE, Saway A, Koopman WJ. Correlation of serologic indicators of inflammation with effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990: 33: 19-28.
29. Czuprynski CJ, Haak-Frendscho M. Cytokines in bacterial and fungal infections. In: Remich DG, Friedland JS, ed. Cytokines in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 591-608.
30. Dalekos GN, Elisaf M, Bairaktari E, Tsolas O, Siamopoulos KC. Increased serum levels of interleukin-1β in the systemic circulation of patients with essential hypertension: additional risk factor for atherogenesis in hypertensive patients? J Lab Clin Med 1997: 129: 300-308.
31. D'Armiento J, Dalal SS, Chada K. Tissue, temporal and inducible expression pattern of haptoglobin in mice. Gene 1997: 195: 19-27.
32. De Graf TW, Van der Stelt ME, Anbergen MG, van Dijk W. Inflammation-induced expression of sialyl Lewis X-containing glycan structures on alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) in human sera. J Exp Med 1993: 177: 657-666.
33. Destefano F, Anda RF, Kahn HS, Williamson DF, Russell CM. Dental disease and risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. BMJ 1993: 306: 688-691.
34. Devlin J, Gough A, Huissoon A, Perkins P, Holder R, Reece R, Arthur V, Emery P. The acute phase and function in early rheumatoid arthritis. C-reactive protein levels correlate with functional outcome. J Rheumatol 1997: 24: 9-13.
35. Dofferhoff AS, Bom VJ, de Vries-Hospers HG, van Ingen J, van der Meer J, Hazenberg BP, Mulder PO, Weits J. Patterns of cytokines, plasma endotoxin, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and acute-phase proteins during the treatment of severe sepsis in humans. Crit Care Med 1992: 20: 185-192.
36. Ebersole JL. Systemic humoral immune responses in periodontal disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1990: 1: 283-331.
37. Ebersole JL, Cappelli D. Gingival crevicular fluid antibody to A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1995: 9: 335-344.
38. Ebersole JL, Machen RL, Steffen MJ, Willmann DE. Systemic acute phase reactants, C-reactive protein and haptoglobin, in adult periodontitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1997: 107: 347-352.
39. Ebersole JL, Singer RE, Steffensen B, Filloon T, Kornman KS. Inflammatory mediators and immunoglobulins in GCF from healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis sites. J Periodontal Res 1993: 28: 543-546.
40. Enwonwu CO. Interface of malnutrition and periodontal diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 1995: 61: 430S-436S.
41. Erdogan O, Öngen Z. The importance of acute phase proteins in acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 1997: 79: 1439-1440.
42. Ernst E. Fibrinogen as a cardiovascular risk factor - interrelationship with infections and inflammation. Eur Heart J 1993: 114: 82-67.
43. Falus A, Biró J, Rákász É. Cytokine networks and corticosteroid receptors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995: 762: 71-77.
44. Fourcyrous M, Bada HS, Korones SB, Barrett FF, Jennings W. Acute phase reactants in neonatal bacterial infection. J Perinatol 1991: 11: 319-325.
45. Fujihashi K, McGhee JR, Yamamoto M, Beagley KW, Kiyono H. Cytokine networks and immunoglobulin synthesis in inflamed gingival tissues. In: Genco R, ed. Molecular pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Washington, DC: Am Soc Microbiol 1994: 135-145.
46. Gabay C, Smith MF Jr, Eidlen D, Arend WP. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is an acute-phase protein. J Clin Invest 1997: 99: 2930-2940.
47. Gearing DP. The leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor. Adv Immunol 1993: 53: 31-58.
48. Genco RJ, Zambon JJ, Christersson LA. The role of specific bacteria in periodontal disease: the origin of periodontal infections. Adv Dent Res 1988: 2: 245-259.
49. Gillespie SH, Dow C, Raynes JG, Behrens RH, Chiodini PL. Measurement of acute phase proteins for assessing severity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Clin Pathol 1991: 44: 228-231.
50. Glibetic MD, Baumann H. The effect of chronic inflammation on the expression of murine acute phase plasma proteins. In: Peeters H, ed. Protides of the biological fluids. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986: 513-516.
51. Glurich I, Genco R, Grossi S, DeNardin A, Albini B, Wick G, Dunford R, Ho A, DeNardin E. Immune response to periodontal pathogens and cardiovascular diseases: a possible link. J Dent Res 1998: 77: abstr 276.
52. Gregory RL. Dental caries vaccines: science and status. Compendium Contin Educ Dent 1994: 15: 1282-1286.
53. Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 1994: 5: 78-111.
54. Hardardóttir I, Sipe J, Moser AH, Fielding CJ, Feingold KR, Grünfeld C. LPS and cytokines regulate extra hepatic mRNA levels of apolipoproteins during the acute phase response in Syrian hamsters. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997: 1344: 210-220.
55. Haupt W, Hohenberger W, Mueller R, Klein P, Christou NV. Association between preoperative acute phase response and postoperative complications. Eur J Surg 1997: 163: 39-44.
56. Hernichel-Gorbach E, Kornman KS, Holt SC, Nichols F, Meador H, Kung JT, Thomas CA. Host responses in patients with generalized refractory periodontitis. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 8-16.
57. Herrmann JL, Blanchard H, Brunengo P, Lagrange PH. TNF alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 plasma levels in neutropenic patients after onset of fever and correlation with the C-reactive protein (CRP) kinetic values. Infection 1994: 22: 309-315.
58. Hogarth MB, Gallimore R, Savage P, Palmer AJ, Starr JM, Bullpitt CJ, Pepys MB. Acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein, as prognostic markers in the elderly inpatient. Age Ageing 1997: 26: 153-158.
59. Hollister MC, Weintraub JA. The association of oral status with systemic health, quality of life, and economic productivity. J Dent Educ 1993: 57: 901-912.
60. Holt I, Cooper RG, Hopkins SJ. Relationships between local inflammation, interleukin-6 concentration and the acute phase protein response in arthritis patients. Eur J Clin Invest 1991: 21: 479-484.
61. 2-microglubulin, and acute phase proteins in HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative Zambian patients with tuberculosis. Lung 1997: 175: 265-275.
62. Ishihara Y, Nishihara T, Kuroyanagi T, Shirozu N, Yamagishi E, Ohguchi M, Koide M, Ueda N, Amano K, Noguchi T. Gingival crevicular interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in periodontally healthy and diseased sites. J Periodontal Res 1997: 32: 524-529.
63. Ishii E, Ohga S, Ueda K. Tumor necrosis factor and fever at diagnosis in children with solid tumors. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1990: 7: 253-257.
64. Janssen S, Limburg PC, Buzet J, De Jong HJ, Marrink J, van Leeuwen MA, van Rijswijk MH. SAA versus CRP in chronic inflammatory diseases. In: Peeters H, ed. Protides of the biological fluids. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986: 347-350.
65. Jaye DL, Waites KB. Clinical applications of C-reactive protein in pediatrics. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997: 16: 735-747.
66. Jeffcoat MK, Reddy MS, Haigh S, Buchanan W, Doyle MJ, Meredith MP, Nelson SL, Goodale JB, Wehmeyer KR. A comparison of topical ketoprolac, systemic flurbiprofen, and placebo for the inhibition of bone loss in adult periodontitis. J Periodontol 1995: 66: 329-338.
67. Johnson NW, Griffiths GS, Wilton JM, Maiden MF, Curtis MA, Gillett IR, Wilson DT, Sterne JA. Detection of high-risk groups and individuals for periodontal diseases. Evidence for the existence of high-risk groups and individuals and approaches to their detection. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 276-282.
68. Jonsson P, Linder C, Genell S, Ohlsson K. Extrapancreatic origin of the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor as an acute-phase reactant. Pancreas 1996: 12: 303-307.
69. Joyce PR, Hawes CR, Mulder RT, Sellman JD, Wilson DA, Boswell DR. Elevated levels of acute phase plasma proteins in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 1992: 32: 1035-1042.
70. Kalmovarian N, Friedrichs WE, O'Brien HV, Linehan LA, Bowman BH, Yang F. Extrahepatic expression of plasma protein genes during inflammation. Inflammation 1991: 15: 369-379.
71. Keever-Taylor CA, Witt PL, Truitt RL, Ramanujam S, Borden EC, Ritch PS. Hematologic and immunologic evaluation of recombinant human interleukin-6 in patients with advanced malignant disease: evidence for monocyte activation. J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol 1996: 19: 231-243.
72. Kimya Y, Akdis C, Cengiz C, Ozan H, Tathkazan S, Uncu G, Sengül F. Plasma interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in pre-eclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997: 73: 17-21.
73. Kinane DF, Adonogianaki E, Moughal N, Winstanley FP, Mooney J, Thornhill M. Immunocytochemical characterization of cellular infiltrate, related endothelial changes and determination of GCF acute-phase proteins during human experimental gingivitis. J Periodontal Res 1991: 26: 286-288.
74. Kinane DF, Mooney J, MacFarlane TW, McDonald M. Local and systemic antibody response to putative periodontopathogens in patients with chronic periodontitis: correlation with clinical indices. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1993: 8: 65-68.
75. Kjeldsen M, Holmstrup P, Bendtzen K. Marginal periodontitis and cytokines: a review of the literature. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 1013-1022.
76. Knittel T, Fellmer P, Neubauer K, Kawakami M, Grundmann A, Ramadori G. The complement-activating protease P100 is expressed by hepatocytes and is induced by IL-6 in vitro and during the acute phase reaction in vivo. Lab Invest 1997: 77: 221-227.
77. Knee TS, Osband MS, Carpinito GA, Seder RE, Nordin A, Oh S-K. Acute phase reactants and suppressive E-receptor factor in various groups of patients receiving antilymphocyte therapy. Cancer Detect Prev 1991: 15: 189-197.
78. Koj A. Initiation of acute phase response and synthesis of cytokines. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996: 1317: 84-94.
79. Kopf M, Baumann H, Freer G, Greudenberg M, Lamers M, Kishimoto T, Zinkernagel R, Bleuthmann H, Kohler G. Impaired immune and acute-phase responses in interleukin-6-deficient mice. Nature 1994: 368: 339-342.
80. Kosmas EN, Baxevanis CN, Papamichail M, Kordossis T. Daily variation in circulating cytokines and acute-phase proteins correlates with clinical and laboratory indices in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Invest 1997: 27: 308-315.
81. Kumon Y, Loose LD, Birbara CA, Sipe JD. Rheumatoid arthritis exhibits reduced acute phase and enhanced constitutive serum amyloid A protein in synovial fluid relative to serum. A comparison with C-reactive protein. J Rheumatol 1997: 24: 14-19.
82. Kushner I. C-reactive protein in rheumatology. Arthritis Rheum 1991: 34: 1065-1068.
83. Kushner I. Regulation of the acute phase response by cytokines. Perspect Biol Med 1993: 36: 611-622.
84. Kweider M, Lowe G, Murray G, Kinane D, McGowan D. Dental disease, fibrinogen and white cell count: links with myocardial infarction? Scott Med J 1993: 38: 73-74.
85. Lacki JK, Klama K, Porawska W, Mackiewicz SH, Muller W, Wiktorowicz K. Interleukin 10 inhibits interleukin 6 production and acute phase response in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 1995: 43: 11-14.
86. Lacki JK, Porawska W, Mackiewicz SH, Muller W. Acute-phase response in early refractory rheumatoid arthritis: long-term follow-up study. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol 1994: 4: 168-171.
87. Lamster IB, Novak MJ. Host mediators in gingival crevicular fluid: implications for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1992: 3: 31-60.
88. Laurent P, Marichy J, Buffet G, Gros P, Beal B. Burn patients as typical model of acute phase response. I. Usefulness of acute phase proteins changes in the blood to detect and monitor sepsis. In: Peeters H, ed. Protides of the biological fluids. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986: 561-565.
89. Leon LR, Kozak W, Peschon J, Glaccum M, Kluger MJ. Altered acute phase responses to inflammation in IL-1 and TNF receptor knockout mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997: 813: 244-254.
90. Lindemann A, Ganser A, Hoelzer D, Mertelsmann R, Herrmann F. In vivo administration of recombinant human interleukin-3 elicits an acute phase response involving endogenous synthesis of interleukin-6. Eur Cytokine Network 1991: 2: 173-176.
91. Loose LD, Sipe JD, Kirby DS, Kraska AR, Weiner ES, Shanahan WR, Leeming MRG, Farrow P, Stack CB, Ting N. Reduction of acute-phase proteins with tenidap sodium, a cytokine-modulating anti-rheumatic drug. Br J Rheumatol 1993: 32: 19-25.
92. Mackensen A, Galanos C, Engelhardt R. Treatment of cancer patients with endotoxin induces release of endogenous cytokines. Pathobiology 1991: 59: 264-267.
93. Maes M. A review on the acute phase response in major depression. Rev Neurosci 1993: 44: 407-416.
94. Maes M, Delange J, Ranjan R, Meltzer HY, Desnyder R, Cooremans W, Scharpe S. Acute phase proteins in schizophrenia, mania and major depression: modulation by psychotropic drugs. Psychiatry Res 1997: 66: 1-11.
95. Maes M, Hendriks D, Gastel AV, Demedts P, Wauters A, Neels H, Janca A, Scharpe S. Effects of psychological stress on serum immunoglobulin, complement and acute phase protein concentrations in normal volunteers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1997: 22: 397-409.
96. Malmendier CL, Lontie JF, Schulier JP, Dubois DY. Modifications of plasma alipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in advanced cancer patients treated with recombinant interleukin-2 and autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells. Atherosclerosis 1988: 73: 173-180.
97. Mathys EC. Host factors and generalized early onset periodontitis. Thesis. University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 1993.
98. Matilla KJ, Valle MS, Nieminen MS, Valtonen W, Hietaniemi KL. Dental infections and coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1993: 103: 205-211.
99. McArthur WP, Clark WB. Specific antibodies and their potential role in periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 807-818.
100. Melichar B, Jandik P, Tichy M, Malir F, Mergancova J, Voboril Z. Urinary zinc excretion and acute phase response in cancer patients. Clin Invest 1994: 72: 1012-1014.
101. Memon RA, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Cytokines and intermediary metabolism. In: Remick DG, Friedland JS, ed. Cytokines in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 381-400.
102. Meria P, Toubert ME, Cussenot O, Bassi S, Janssen T, Desgrandchamps F, Cortesse A, Schlageter MH, Teillac P, Le Duc A. Tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor and renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 1995: 27: 223-226.
103. Menkes CJ. Effects of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on acute-phase proteins in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1993: 32: 14-18.
104. Min W-K, Lee JO, Huh JW. Relation between lipoprotein(a) concentrations in patients with acute-phase response and risk analysis for coronary heart disease. Clin Chem 1997: 43: 1891-1895.
105. Moffat GJ, Tack BF. Regulation of C4b-binding protein gene expression by the acute-phase mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1. Biochemistry 1992: 31: 12376-12384.
106. Moore WEC, Moore LVH. The bacteria of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 1994: 5: 66-77.
107. 1-antitrypsin enhancer results in an interleukin-6 deficient acute-phase response due to loss of cooperativeity between transcription factors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997: 1362: 67-76.
108. Moshage H. Cytokines and the hepatic acute phase response. J Pathol 1997: 181: 257-266.
109. Nagy K, Kassay L, Velkey L. Measurement of the inflammatory activity by the help of serum acute-phase proteins in juvenile chronic arthritis. Acta Univ Carol Med 1991: 37: 41-45.
110. Niederau C, Backmerhoff F, Schumacher B, Niederau C. Inflammatory mediators and acute phase proteins in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Hepatogastroenterology 1997: 44: 90-107.
111. Noma A, Abe A, Maeda S, Seishima M, Makino K, Yano Y, Shimokawa K. Lp(a): an acute-phase reactant? Chem Phys Lipids 1994: 67: 411-417.
112. Ogawa, M. Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor as an acute phase reactant. Clin Biochem 1988: 21: 19-25.
113. Olaison L, Hogevik H, Alestig K. Fever, C-reactive protein, and other acute-phase reactants during treatment of infective endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 1997: 157: 885-892.
114. Oldenburg HS, Rogy MA, Lazarus DD, Van Zee KJ, Keller BP, Chizzonite RA, Lowry SF, Moldawer LL. Cachexia and the acute-phase protein response in inflammation are regulated by interleukin-6. Eur J Immunol 1993: 223: 1889-1894.
115. O'Neill PJ. Molecular biology and physiology of cytokines and cytokine antagonists. In: Sugeram HJ, DeMaria EJ, ed. Cytokines in trauma and hemorrhage. Austin: RG Landes Co., 1997: 1-42.
116. Page RC. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 1991: 26: 230-242.
117. Page RC. Severe forms of periodontitis in children, juveniles and adults: worldwide prevalence. In: Johnson NW, ed. Periodontal diseases: markers of disease susceptibility and activity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991: 76-106.
118. Page RC, Altman LC, Ebersole JL, Vandesteen GE, Dahlberg WH, Williams BL, Osterberg SK. Rapidly progressive periodontitis. A distinct clinical condition. J Periodontol 1983: 54: 197-209.
119. Page RC, Schroeder HE. Pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current work. Lab Invest 1971: 33: 235-249.
120. Perdiz P, Wacher N, Laredo-Sanchez F, Halabe Cherem J, Lifshitz A. Circadian variation of human acute phase response. Arch Med Res 1996: 27: 157-163.
121. Playford RJ, Hanby AM, Patel K, Calam J. Influence of inflammatory bowel disease on the distribution and concentration of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor within the colon. Am J Pathol 1995: 146: 310-316.
122. Ranney RR. Immunologic mechanisms of pathogenesis in periodontal diseases: an assessment. J Periodontal Res 1991: 26: 243-244.
123. Raynes JG. The acute phase response. Biochem Soc Trans 1994: 22: 69-74.
124. Richard CD, Kerr C, Tanaka M, Hara T, Miyajima A, Pennica D, Botelho F, Langdon CM. Regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in fibroblasts and acute phase proteins in hepatocytes in vitro by mouse oncostatin M, cardiotrophin-1, and IL-6. J Immunol 1997: 159: 2431-2437.
125. Rikonen P, Saarinen UM, Teppo AM, Metsarinne K, Fyhrquist F, Jalanko H. Cytokine and acute-phase reactant levels in serum of children with cancer admitted for fever and neutropenia. J Infect Dis 1992: 166: 432-436.
126. Rosenson RS. Myocardial injury: the acute phase response and lipoprotein metabolism. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993: 22: 933-940.
127. Samalkorpi KT, Valtonen W, Maury CP. Lipoproteins and acute phase response during acute infection. Interrelationships between C-reactive protein and serum amyloid-A protein and lipoproteins. Ann Med 1990: 22: 397-401.
128. Sattar N, Scott HR, McMillan DC, Talwar D, O'Reilly DSJ, Fell GS. Acute-phase reactants and plasma trace element concentrations in non-small cell lung cancer patients and controls. Nutr Cancer 1997: 28: 308-312.
129. Schenk S, Muser J, Vollmer G, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Tenascin-C in serum: a questionable tumor marker. Int J Cancer 1995: 61: 443-449.
130. Schultz DR, Arnold PI. Properties of four acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and fibrinogen. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1990: 20: 129-147.
131. Scully C, Porter SR, Mutlu S. Changing, subject-based risk factors for destructive periodontitis. In: Johnson NW, ed. Periodontal diseases: markers of disease susceptibility and activity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991: 139-178.
132. Seymour GJ, Gemmell E, Reinhardt RA, Eastcott J, Taubman, MA. Immunopathogenesis of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease: cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Periodontal Res 1993: 28: 478-486.
133. Sibraa PD, Reinhardt RA, Dyer JK, DuBois LM. Acute-phase protein detection and quantification in gingival crevicular fluid by direct and indirect immunodot. J Clin Periodontol 1991: 18: 101-106.
134. Sluzewska A, Sobieska M, Rybakowski JK. Changes in acute-phase proteins during lithium potentiation of anti-depressants in refractory depression. Neuropsychobiology 1997: 35: 123-127.
135. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Evidence of bacterial etiology: a historical perspective. Periodontol 2000 1994: 5: 7-25.
136. Steel DM, Whitehead AS. The major acute phase reactants: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P component and serum amyloid A protein. Immuol Today 1994: 15: 81-87.
137. Swaak AJ, Lienard D, Schraffordt Koops H, Lejeune FJ, Eggermont AM. Effects of recombinant tumour necrosis factor (rTNF-alpha) in cancer. Observations on the acute phase protein reaction and immunoglobulin synthesis after high dose recombinant TNF-alpha administration in isolated limb perfusions in cancer patients. Eur J Clin Invest 1993: 23: 812-818.
138. Syrjanen J, Peltola J, Valtonen V, livanainen M, Kast M, Juttunen J. Dental infections in association with cerebral infarction in young and middle aged men. J Intern Med 1989: 225: 179-184.
139. Tew JG, Marshall DR, Burmeister JA, Ranney RR. Relationship between gingival crevicular fluid and serum antibody titers in young adults with generalized and localized periodontitis. Infect Immun 1985: 49: 487-493.
140. Thiel S, Holmskov U, Hvid L, Laursen SB, Jensenius JC. The concentration of the C-type lectin, mannan-binding protein, in human plasma increases during an acute phase response. Clin Exp Immunol 1992: 90: 31-35.
141. Tocci MJ, Schmidt JA. Interleukin-1: structure and function. In: Remick DG, Friedland JS, ed. Cytokines in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 1-28.
142. Tonetti MS, Freiburghaus K, Lang NP, Bickel M. Detection of interleukin-8 and matrix metalloproteinases transcripts in healthy and diseased gingival biopsies by RNA/PCR. J Periodontal Res 1993: 28: 511-513.
143. Tracey KJ. Tumor necrosis factor. In: Remick DG, Friedland JS, ed. Cytokines in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 223-240.
144. Trautwein C, Boker K, Manns MP. Hepatocyte and immune system: acute phase reaction as a contribution to early defense mechanisms. Gut 1994: 35: 1163-1166.
145. Trey JE, Kushner I. The acute phase response and the hematopoietic system: the role of cytokines. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1995: 21: 1-18.
146. Truyens C, Angelo-Barrios A, Torrico F, Van Damme J, Heremans H, Carlier Y. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi: effect of its paradoxical increase by anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody treatment on infection and acute-phase and humoral immune responses. Infect Immun 1994: 62: 692-696.
147. Tuck CH, Holleran S, Berglund L. Hormonal regulation of lipoprotein(a) levels: effects of estrogen replacement therapy on lipoprotein(a) and acute phase reactants in postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997: 17: 1822-1829.
148. Turner GA. Haptoglobin. A potential reporter molecule for glycosylation changes in disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 1995: 376: 231-238.
149. Udelsman R, Holbrook NJ. Endocrine and molecular responses to surgical stress. Curr Probl Surg 1994: 31: 653-720.
150. 1-anti-chymotrypsin (ACH) by HepG2 cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1997: 108: 175-180.
151. van Leeuwen MA, van Rijswijk MH, Marrink J, Westra J, de long HJ. CRP measurements in rheumatic disorders. In: Peeters H, ed. Protides of the biological fluids. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986: 315-318.
152. van Leeuwen MA, van Rijswijk MH, Sluiter WJ, van Riel PLCM, Kuper IH, van de Putte LBA, Pepys MB, Limburg PC. Individual relationship between progression of radiological damage and the acute phase response in early rheumatoid arthritis. Towards development of a decision support system. J Rheumatol 1997: 24: 20-27.
153. van Leeuwen MA, van Rijswijk MH, van der Heijde DMFM, te Meerman GJ, van Kiel PLCM, Houtman PM, van de Putte LBA, Limburg PC. The acute-phase response in relation to radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study during the first three years of the disease. Br J Rheumatol 1993: 32: 9-13.
154. Veldhuis GJ, Willemse PH, Mulder NH, Limburg PC, De Vries EG. Potential use of recombinant human interleukin-6 in clinical oncology. Leuk Lymphoma 1996: 20: 373-379.
155. Waage A, Steinshamn S. Cytokines in septic shock. In: Remick DG, Friedland JS, ed. Cytokines in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 581-590.
156. Weber J, Gunn H, Yang J, Parkinson D, Topalian S, Schwartzentruber D, Ettinghausen S, Levitt D, Rosenberg SA. A phase I trial of intravenous interleukin-6 in patients with advanced cancer. J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol 1994: 15: 292-302.
157. Weber J, Yang JC, Topalian SL, Parkinson DR, Schwartzentruber DS, Ettinghausen SE, Gunn H, Mixon A, Kim H, Cole D et al. Phase I trial of subcutaneous interleukin-6 in patients with advanced malignancies. J Clin Oncol 1993: 11: 499-506.
158. Wewers MD. Cytokines and macrophages. In: Remick DG, Friedland JS, ed. Cytokines in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 339-356.
159. Wigmore SJ, Fearon KCH, Maingay JP, Lai PBS, Ross JA. Interleukin-8 can mediate acute-phase protein production by isolated human hepatocytes. Am J Physiol 1997: 273: E720-E726.
160. Williams RC, Jeffcoat MK, Kaplan JL. Flurbiprofen: a potent inhibitor of alveolar bone resorption in beagles. Science 1985: 227: 640-642.
161. Woodhouse PR, Meade TW, Khaw K-T. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, the acute phase response and vitamin C. Atherosclerosis 1997: 133: 71-76.
162. Young E, Podor TJ, Venner T, Hirsh J. Induction of the acute-phase reaction increases heparin-binding proteins in plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997: 17: 1568-1574.