메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 561-575

The provenance of alveolar and parabronchial lungs: Insights from paleoecology and the discovery of cardiogenic, unidirectional airflow in the American alligator (alligator Mississippiensis)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; AIRFLOW; BIRD; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; COMMON ANCESTRY; CROCODILIAN; DATA SET; DIVERGENCE; ECTOTHERMY; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; GAS EXCHANGE; MESOZOIC; MORPHOLOGY; OXYGEN; PALEOECOLOGY; PALEOZOIC; RESPIRATION; SELECTION;

EID: 77955680535     PISSN: 15222152     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/605335     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 0015193805 scopus 로고
    • Dinosaur physiology and the origin of mammals
    • Bakker R.T. 1971. Dinosaur physiology and the origin of mammals. Evolution 25:636-658.
    • (1971) Evolution , vol.25 , pp. 636-658
    • Bakker, R.T.1
  • 2
    • 0017911819 scopus 로고
    • Activity metabolism of the lower vertebrates
    • Bennett A.F. 1978. Activity metabolism of the lower vertebrates. Annu Rev Physiol 400:447-469.
    • (1978) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.400 , pp. 447-469
    • Bennett, A.F.1
  • 3
    • 0026234560 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of activity capacity
    • -. 1991. The evolution of activity capacity. J Exp Biol 160:1-23.
    • (1991) J Exp Biol , vol.160 , pp. 1-23
  • 4
    • 0033615103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scleromochlus taylori and the origin of dinosaurs and pterosaurs
    • Benton M.J. 1999. Scleromochlus taylori and the origin of dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Philos Trans R Soc B 354:1423-1446.
    • (1999) Philos Trans R Soc B , vol.354 , pp. 1423-1446
    • Benton, M.J.1
  • 5
    • 77955696164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertebrate palaeontology
    • Oxford
    • -. 2005. Vertebrate Palaeontology. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
    • (2005) Blackwell Science
  • 6
    • 0024963327 scopus 로고
    • Mass extinctions among tetrapods and the quality of the fossil record (and discussion)
    • Benton M.J. and P.W. King. 1989. Mass extinctions among tetrapods and the quality of the fossil record (and discussion). Philos Trans R Soc B 325:369-386.
    • (1989) Philos Trans R Soc B , vol.325 , pp. 369-386
    • Benton, M.J.1    King, P.W.2
  • 7
    • 0037007071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of hypotheses for the permo-triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modeling
    • Berner R.A. 2002. Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:4172-4177.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 4172-4177
    • Berner, R.A.1
  • 9
    • 17544401717 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of ventilation in American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis
    • Bickler P.E., R.G. Spragg, M.T. Hartman, and F.N. White. 1985. Distribution of ventilation in American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Am J Physiol 249:R477-R481.
    • (1985) Am J Physiol , vol.249
    • Bickler, P.E.1    Spragg, R.G.2    Hartman, M.T.3    White, F.N.4
  • 10
    • 0035029280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of hindlimb posture in nonmam-malian therapsids: Biomechanical tests of paleontological hypotheses
    • Blob R.W. 2001. Evolution of hindlimb posture in nonmam-malian therapsids: biomechanical tests of paleontological hypotheses. Paleobiology 27:14-38.
    • (2001) Paleobiology , vol.27 , pp. 14-38
    • Blob, R.W.1
  • 11
    • 0033529953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tempo of mass extinction and recovery: The end-permian example
    • Bowring S.A., D.H. Erwin, and Y. Isozaki. 1999. The tempo of mass extinction and recovery: the end-Permian example. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:8827-8828.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 8827-8828
    • Bowring, S.A.1    Erwin, D.H.2    Isozaki, Y.3
  • 12
    • 77955675517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology and evolution of darwin's finches
    • Breitwisch R. 2001. Ecology and evolution of Darwin's finches. Auk 118:565-566.
    • (2001) Auk , vol.118 , pp. 565-566
    • Breitwisch, R.1
  • 13
    • 0003110751 scopus 로고
    • Speculations on some advanced mammalian characteristics in the higher mammal-like reptiles
    • Brink A.A. 1956. Speculations on some advanced mammalian characteristics in the higher mammal-like reptiles. Palaeontol Afr 6:77-95.
    • (1956) Palaeontol Afr , vol.6 , pp. 77-95
    • Brink, A.A.1
  • 14
    • 0014915608 scopus 로고
    • Lung alveolar cell cytosomes: A consideration of their significance
    • Brooks R.E. 1970. Lung alveolar cell cytosomes: a consideration of their significance. Cell Tissue Res 106:484-497.
    • (1970) Cell Tissue Res , vol.106 , pp. 484-497
    • Brooks, R.E.1
  • 16
    • 51749121248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superiority, competition, and opportunism in the evolutionary radiation of dinosaurs
    • Brusatte S.L., M.J. Benton, M. Ruta, and G.T. Lloyd. 2009. Superiority, competition, and opportunism in the evolutionary radiation of dinosaurs. Science 321:1485-1488.
    • (2009) Science , vol.321 , pp. 1485-1488
    • Brusatte, S.L.1    Benton, M.J.2    Ruta, M.3    Lloyd, G.T.4
  • 17
    • 0023507749 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of locomotor stamina in tetrapods: Circumventing a mechanical constraint
    • Carrier D.R. 1987a. The evolution of locomotor stamina in tetrapods: circumventing a mechanical constraint. Paleobiology 13:326-341.
    • (1987) Paleobiology , vol.13 , pp. 326-341
    • Carrier, D.R.1
  • 18
    • 0023087404 scopus 로고
    • Lung ventilation during walking and running in four species of lizards
    • -. 1987b. Lung ventilation during walking and running in four species of lizards. Exp Biol 47:33-42.
    • (1987) Exp Biol , vol.47 , pp. 33-42
  • 19
    • 0035746150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of rotational inertia on turning performance of theropod dinosaurs: Clues from humans with increased rotational inertia
    • Carrier D.R., R.M. Walter, and D.V. Lee. 2001. Influence of rotational inertia on turning performance of theropod dinosaurs: clues from humans with increased rotational inertia. J Exp Biol 204:3917-3926.
    • (2001) J Exp Biol , vol.204 , pp. 3917-3926
    • Carrier, D.R.1    Walter, R.M.2    Lee, D.V.3
  • 20
    • 0001660502 scopus 로고
    • Carboniferous stem-reptiles of the family romeriidae
    • Carroll R. and D. Baird. 1972. Carboniferous stem-reptiles of the family Romeriidae. Bull Mus Comp Zool 143:321-364.
    • (1972) Bull Mus Comp Zool , vol.143 , pp. 321-364
    • Carroll, R.1    Baird, D.2
  • 21
    • 0002587930 scopus 로고
    • The skeletal anatomy and some aspects of the physiology of primitive reptiles
    • N. Hotton III, P.S. MacLean, J.J. Roth, and E.C. Roth, eds Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC
    • Carroll R.L. 1986. The skeletal anatomy and some aspects of the physiology of primitive reptiles. Pp. 23-46 in N. Hotton III, P.S. MacLean, J.J. Roth, and E.C. Roth, eds. The Ecology and Biology of Mammal-Like Reptiles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
    • (1986) The Ecology and Biology of Mammal-Like Reptiles , pp. 23-46
    • Carroll, R.L.1
  • 24
    • 0035727652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early mammalian radiations
    • Cifelli R.L. 2001. Early mammalian radiations. J Paleontol 75: 1214-1226.
    • (2001) J Paleontol , vol.75 , pp. 1214-1226
    • Cifelli, R.L.1
  • 27
    • 0002368905 scopus 로고
    • Development of the avian respiratory and circulatory system
    • J. Piiper, ed. Springer, Berlin
    • Duncker H.R. 1978a. Development of the avian respiratory and circulatory system. Pp. 260-273 in J. Piiper, ed. Respiratory Function in Birds, Adult and Embryonic. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1978) Respiratory Function in Birds, Adult and Embryonic , pp. 260-273
    • Duncker, H.R.1
  • 28
    • 0003389356 scopus 로고
    • Funktionsmorphologie des atemapparates und coelom-gliederung bei reptielien, vogein und saugern
    • -. 1978b. Funktionsmorphologie des Atemapparates und Coelom-Gliederung bei Reptielien, Vogein und Saugern. Verh Dtsch Zool Ges 1978:99-132.
    • (1978) Verh Dtsch Zool Ges , vol.1978 , pp. 99-132
  • 29
    • 0022506673 scopus 로고
    • Regional circulatory responses to hypocapnia and hyperventilation in bar-headed geese
    • Faraci F.M. and M.R. Fedde. 1986. Regional circulatory responses to hypocapnia and hyperventilation in bar-headed geese. Am J Physiol 250:R499-R504.
    • (1986) Am J Physiol , vol.250
    • Faraci, F.M.1    Fedde, M.R.2
  • 30
    • 0033029038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the vertebrate cardio-pulmonary system
    • Farmer C.G. 1999. The evolution of the vertebrate cardio-pulmonary system. Annu Rev Physiol 61:573-592.
    • (1999) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.61 , pp. 573-592
    • Farmer, C.G.1
  • 31
    • 33750505885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin of avian air sacs
    • -. 2006. On the origin of avian air sacs. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 154:89-106.
    • (2006) Respir Physiol Neurobiol , vol.154 , pp. 89-106
  • 32
    • 0034123864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation and gas exchange during treadmill-locomotion in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
    • Farmer C.G. and D.R. Carrier. 2000. Ventilation and gas exchange during treadmill-locomotion in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J Exp Biol 203:1671-1678.
    • (2000) J Exp Biol , vol.203 , pp. 1671-1678
    • Farmer, C.G.1    Carrier, D.R.2
  • 33
    • 0033806455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulatory impairment induced by exercise in the lizard Iguana iguana
    • Farmer C.G. and J.W. Hicks. 2000. Circulatory impairment induced by exercise in the lizard Iguana iguana. J Exp Biol 203:2691-2697.
    • (2000) J Exp Biol , vol.203 , pp. 2691-2697
    • Farmer, C.G.1    Hicks, J.W.2
  • 34
    • 0024380756 scopus 로고
    • Cardio-pulmonary function in exercising bar-headed geese during normoxia and hypoxia
    • Fedde M.R., J.A. Orr, H. Shams, and P. Scheid. 1989. Cardio-pulmonary function in exercising bar-headed geese during normoxia and hypoxia. Respir Physiol 77:239-262.
    • (1989) Respir Physiol , vol.77 , pp. 239-262
    • Fedde, M.R.1    Orr, J.A.2    Shams, H.3    Scheid, P.4
  • 35
    • 0028056027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intrinsic properties of an in situ perfused crocodile heart
    • Franklin C. and M. Axelsson. 2000. The intrinsic properties of an in situ perfused crocodile heart. J Exp Biol 186:269-288.
    • (2000) J Exp Biol , vol.186 , pp. 269-288
    • Franklin, C.1    Axelsson, M.2
  • 36
    • 0344436667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation and metabolic rate in the platypus: Insights into the evolution of the mammalian breathing pattern
    • Frappell P.B. 2003. Ventilation and metabolic rate in the platypus: insights into the evolution of the mammalian breathing pattern. Comp Biochem Physiol A 136:943-955.
    • (2003) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.136 , pp. 943-955
    • Frappell, P.B.1
  • 37
    • 33846240503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotion in derived dicynodonts (Synapsida, anomodontia): A functional analysis of the pelvic girdle and hind limb of Tetragonias njalilus
    • Fröbisch J. 2006. Locomotion in derived dicynodonts (Synapsida, Anomodontia): a functional analysis of the pelvic girdle and hind limb of Tetragonias njalilus. Can J Earth Sci 43:1297-1308.
    • (2006) Can J Earth Sci , vol.43 , pp. 1297-1308
    • Fröbisch, J.1
  • 38
    • 0002057162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early archosaurs from Russia
    • M.J. Benton, M.A. Shishkin, D.M. Unwin, and E.N. Kurochkin, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Gower D.J. and A.G. Sennikov. 2000. Early archosaurs from Russia. Pp. 140-159 in M.J. Benton, M.A. Shishkin, D.M. Unwin, and E.N. Kurochkin, eds. The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2000) The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia , pp. 140-159
    • Gower, D.J.1    Sennikov, A.G.2
  • 39
    • 0033860445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flight respiration and energetics
    • Harrison J.F. and S.P. Roberts. 2000. Flight respiration and energetics. Annu Rev Physiol 62:179-205.
    • (2000) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.62 , pp. 179-205
    • Harrison, J.F.1    Roberts, S.P.2
  • 40
    • 0002062768 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of the lung of birds
    • Hazelhoff E.H. 1951. Structure and function of the lung of birds. Poult Sci 30:3.
    • (1951) Poult Sci , vol.30 , pp. 3
    • Hazelhoff, E.H.1
  • 41
    • 0032885555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange potential in reptilian lungs: Implications for the dinosaur-avian connection
    • Hicks J.W. and C.G. Farmer. 1999. Gas exchange potential in reptilian lungs: implications for the dinosaur-avian connection. Respir Physiol 117:73-83.
    • (1999) Respir Physiol , vol.117 , pp. 73-83
    • Hicks, J.W.1    Farmer, C.G.2
  • 42
    • 12744271902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large mesozoic mammals fed on young dinosaurs
    • Hu Y. 2005. Large Mesozoic mammals fed on young dinosaurs. Nature 433:149-152.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 149-152
    • Hu, Y.1
  • 43
    • 17244381182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia, global warming, and terrestrial late permian extinctions
    • Huey R. and P.D. Ward. 2005. Hypoxia, global warming, and terrestrial Late Permian extinctions. Science 15:398-401.
    • (2005) Science , vol.15 , pp. 398-401
    • Huey, R.1    Ward, P.D.2
  • 44
    • 0034987907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modes of ventilation in early tetrapods: Costal aspiration as a key feature of amniotes
    • Janis C.M. and J.C. Keller. 2009. Modes of ventilation in early tetrapods: costal aspiration as a key feature of amniotes. Acta Palaeontol Pol 46:137-170.
    • (2009) Acta Palaeontol Pol , vol.46 , pp. 137-170
    • Janis, C.M.1    Keller, J.C.2
  • 45
    • 0039786463 scopus 로고
    • The oldest tetrapods and their forerunners
    • Jarvik E. 1955. The oldest tetrapods and their forerunners. Sci Mon 80:141-154.
    • (1955) Sci Mon , vol.80 , pp. 141-154
    • Jarvik, E.1
  • 46
    • 0345601977 scopus 로고
    • A survey of mammalian origins
    • P.D. Gingerich and C.E. Badgley, eds. University of Tennessee Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville
    • Jenkins F.A. 1984. A survey of mammalian origins. Pp. 32-47 in P.D. Gingerich and C.E. Badgley, eds. Mammals: Notes for a Short Course. University of Tennessee Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville.
    • (1984) Mammals: Notes for a Short Course , pp. 32-47
    • Jenkins, F.A.1
  • 47
    • 0000463524 scopus 로고
    • Stance and gait in the hindlimb of a therocephalian mammal-like reptile
    • Kemp T.S. 1978. Stance and gait in the hindlimb of a therocephalian mammal-like reptile. J Zool (Lond) 186:143-161.
    • (1978) J Zool (Lond) , vol.186 , pp. 143-161
    • Kemp, T.S.1
  • 49
    • 0000194005 scopus 로고
    • The functional anatomy of a permian dicynodont
    • King G.M. 1981. The functional anatomy of a Permian dicynodont. Philos Trans R Soc B 291:243-322.
    • (1981) Philos Trans R Soc B , vol.291 , pp. 243-322
    • King, G.M.1
  • 50
    • 0000802792 scopus 로고
    • The postcranial skeleton of Kingoria nowacki (von huene) (Therapsida: Dicynodontia)
    • -. 1985. The postcranial skeleton of Kingoria nowacki (von Huene) (Therapsida: Dicynodontia). Zool J Linn Soc 84:263-298.
    • (1985) Zool J Linn Soc , vol.84 , pp. 263-298
  • 51
    • 77957211011 scopus 로고
    • Form and function of lungs: The evolution of air-breathing mechanisms
    • Liem K.F. 1988. Form and function of lungs: the evolution of air-breathing mechanisms. Am Zool 28:739-759.
    • (1988) Am Zool , vol.28 , pp. 739-759
    • Liem, K.F.1
  • 52
    • 0017286589 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange in air sacs: Contribution to respiratory gas exchange in duck lungs
    • Magnussen H., H. Wilmer, and P. Scheid. 1979. Gas exchange in air sacs: contribution to respiratory gas exchange in duck lungs. Respir Physiol 27:129-146.
    • (1979) Respir Physiol , vol.27 , pp. 129-146
    • Magnussen, H.1    Wilmer, H.2    Scheid, P.3
  • 54
    • 0033751886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What it takes to fly: The structural and functional respiratory refinements in birds and bats
    • -. 2000. What it takes to fly: the structural and functional respiratory refinements in birds and bats. J Exp Biol 203: 3045-3064.
    • (2000) J Exp Biol , vol.203 , pp. 3045-3064
  • 55
    • 0021834108 scopus 로고
    • The morphometry of the lung of the african lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus): Its structural-functional correlations
    • Maina J.N. and G.M.O. Maloiy. 1985. The morphometry of the lung of the African lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus): its structural-functional correlations. Proc R Soc B 224:399-420.
    • (1985) Proc R Soc B , vol.224 , pp. 399-420
    • Maina, J.N.1    Maloiy, G.M.O.2
  • 56
    • 21244468701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thin and strong! the bioen-gineering dilemma in the structural and functional design of the blood-gas barrier
    • Maina J.N. and J.B. West. 2005. Thin and strong! the bioen-gineering dilemma in the structural and functional design of the blood-gas barrier. Physiol Rev 85:811-844.
    • (2005) Physiol Rev , vol.85 , pp. 811-844
    • Maina, J.N.1    West, J.B.2
  • 57
    • 84877331180 scopus 로고
    • Comparison birds/mammals: Structure and function of the gas exchange apparatus
    • I. Hutás and A. Debreczeni, eds Budapest Advances in Physiological Sciences Pergamon, Oxford
    • Meyer M., P. Scheid, and J. Piiper. 1981. Comparison birds/mammals: structure and function of the gas exchange apparatus. Pp. 135-143 in I. Hutás and A. Debreczeni, eds. Respiration: Proceedings of the 28th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Budapest, 1980. Advances in Physiological Sciences. Vol. 10. Pergamon, Oxford.
    • (1980) Respiration: Proceedings of the 28th International Congress of Physiological Sciences , vol.10 , pp. 135-143
    • Meyer, M.1    Scheid, P.2    Piiper, J.3
  • 58
    • 22444442306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs
    • O'Connor P.M.O. and L.P.A.M. Claessens. 2005. Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs. Nature 436:253-256.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.436 , pp. 253-256
    • O'Connor, P.M.O.1    Claessens, L.P.A.M.2
  • 61
    • 0027385659 scopus 로고
    • The wings of pterosaurs
    • Padian K. and J.M.V. Rayner. 1993. The wings of pterosaurs. Am J Sci 293A:91-166.
    • (1993) Am J Sci , vol.293 A , pp. 91-166
    • Padian, K.1    Rayner, J.M.V.2
  • 62
    • 0003056509 scopus 로고
    • Locomotor adaptations in the hindlimb and pelvis of the thecodontia
    • Parish J.M. 1986. Locomotor adaptations in the hindlimb and pelvis of the Thecodontia. Hunteria 1:1-35.
    • (1986) Hunteria , vol.1 , pp. 1-35
    • Parish, J.M.1
  • 63
    • 4544292696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise of birds and mammals: Are microevolutionary processes sufficient for macroevolution?
    • Penny D. and M. Phillips. 2004. The rise of birds and mammals: are microevolutionary processes sufficient for macroevolution? Trends Ecol Evol 19:516-522.
    • (2004) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.19 , pp. 516-522
    • Penny, D.1    Phillips, M.2
  • 65
    • 0002656579 scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of the lungs of the nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus: Non-respiratory parameters
    • -. 1988. Functional morphology of the lungs of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus: non-respiratory parameters. J Exp Biol 134:99-117.
    • (1988) J Exp Biol , vol.134 , pp. 99-117
  • 66
    • 0025273518 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange strategy in the nile crocodile: A morphometric study
    • -. 1990a. Gas exchange strategy in the Nile crocodile: a morphometric study. J Comp Physiol 159:761-769.
    • (1990) J Comp Physiol , vol.159 , pp. 761-769
  • 67
    • 2342577913 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances and trends in the comparative morphometry of vertebrate gas exchange organs
    • R.G. Boutilier, ed. Springer, Berlin
    • -. 1990b. Recent advances and trends in the comparative morphometry of vertebrate gas exchange organs. Pp. 45-71 in R.G. Boutilier, ed. Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1990) Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology , pp. 45-71
  • 68
    • 0002816523 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange strategies of reptiles and the origin of the avian lung
    • S. Wood, R. Weber, A. Hargens, and R. Millard, eds. Dekker, New York
    • -. 1992. Gas exchange strategies of reptiles and the origin of the avian lung. In S. Wood, R. Weber, A. Hargens, and R. Millard, eds. Physiological adaptations in vertebrates: respiration, circulation, and metabolism. Dekker, New York.
    • (1992) Physiological Adaptations in Vertebrates: Respiration, Circulation, and Metabolism
  • 69
    • 77955667149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lungs: Comparative anatomy, functional morphology, and evolution
    • C. Gans, and A.S. Gaunt, eds. Ithaca, NY
    • -. 1998. Lungs: comparative anatomy, functional morphology, and evolution. Pp. 1-92 in C. Gans, and A.S. Gaunt, eds. Biology of the Reptilia. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, NY.
    • (1998) Biology of the Reptilia. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles , pp. 1-92
  • 70
    • 0018177376 scopus 로고
    • Lung architecture, volume and static mechanics in five species of lizards
    • Perry S.F. and H.R. Duncker. 1978. Lung architecture, volume and static mechanics in five species of lizards. Respir Physiol 34:61-81.
    • (1978) Respir Physiol , vol.34 , pp. 61-81
    • Perry, S.F.1    Duncker, H.R.2
  • 71
    • 0013086313 scopus 로고
    • Interrelationship of static mechanical factors and anatomical structure in lung evolution
    • -. 1980. Interrelationship of static mechanical factors and anatomical structure in lung evolution. Comp Biochem Physiol 138:321-334.
    • (1980) Comp Biochem Physiol , vol.138 , pp. 321-334
  • 72
    • 8844241632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing the evolution of the respiratory apparatus in tetrapods
    • Perry S.F. and M. Sander. 2004. Reconstructing the evolution of the respiratory apparatus in tetrapods. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 144:125-139.
    • (2004) Respir Physiol Neurobiol , vol.144 , pp. 125-139
    • Perry, S.F.1    Sander, M.2
  • 73
    • 0000937209 scopus 로고
    • The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles
    • Romer A.S. 1922. The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles. Bull Am Mus Natl Hist 46:417-606.
    • (1922) Bull Am Mus Natl Hist , vol.46 , pp. 417-606
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 74
    • 0004202436 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • -. 1966. Vertebrate Paleontology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1966) Vertebrate Paleontology
  • 77
    • 39549093120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oldest platypus and its bearing on divergence timing of the platypus and echidna clades
    • Rowe T., T.H. Rich, P. Vickers-Rich, M. Springer, and M.O. Woodburne. 2008. The oldest platypus and its bearing on divergence timing of the platypus and echidna clades. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:1238-1242.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 1238-1242
    • Rowe, T.1    Rich, T.H.2    Vickers-Rich, P.3    Springer, M.4    Woodburne, M.O.5
  • 78
    • 0035670179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary patterns among permo-triassic therapsids
    • Rubidge B.S. and C.A. Sidor. 2001. Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 32: 449-480.
    • (2001) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.32 , pp. 449-480
    • Rubidge, B.S.1    Sidor, C.A.2
  • 79
    • 0015458361 scopus 로고
    • Cross-current gas exchange in avian lungs: Effects of reversed parabronchial air flow in ducks
    • Scheid P. and J. Piiper. 1972. Cross-current gas exchange in avian lungs: effects of reversed parabronchial air flow in ducks. Respir Physiol 16:304-312.
    • (1972) Respir Physiol , vol.16 , pp. 304-312
    • Scheid, P.1    Piiper, J.2
  • 80
    • 0346311568 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange and transport
    • T.J. Seller, ed. CRC, Boca Raton, FL
    • -. 1987. Gas exchange and transport. Pp. 97-129 in T.J. Seller, ed. Bird Respiration. CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
    • (1987) Bird Respiration , pp. 97-129
  • 81
    • 1842835768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation-perfusion inequality during normoxic and hypoxic exercise in the emu
    • Schmitt P.M., F.L. Powell, and S.R. Hopkins. 2002. Ventilation-perfusion inequality during normoxic and hypoxic exercise in the emu. J Appl Physiol 93:1980-1986.
    • (2002) J Appl Physiol , vol.93 , pp. 1980-1986
    • Schmitt, P.M.1    Powell, F.L.2    Hopkins, S.R.3
  • 82
    • 84954945101 scopus 로고
    • Basal archosaurs: Phylogenetic relationships and functional implications
    • Sereno P.C. 1991. Basal archosaurs: phylogenetic relationships and functional implications. J Vertebr Paleontol 11:1-53.
    • (1991) J Vertebr Paleontol , vol.11 , pp. 1-53
    • Sereno, P.C.1
  • 83
    • 0033603503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of dinosaurs
    • -. 1999. The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 284:2137-2147.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 2137-2147
  • 84
    • 0017287235 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of the pulmonary vascular bed in the toad Bufo marinus
    • Smith D.G. and G. Campbell. 1976. The anatomy of the pulmonary vascular bed in the toad Bufo marinus. Cell Tissue Res 165:199-213.
    • (1976) Cell Tissue Res , vol.165 , pp. 199-213
    • Smith, D.G.1    Campbell, G.2
  • 85
    • 0002928293 scopus 로고
    • Goose of the himalayas
    • Swan L.W. 1970. Goose of the Himalayas. Nat Hist 79:675.
    • (1970) Nat Hist , vol.79 , pp. 675
    • Swan, L.W.1
  • 86
    • 69249212353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung and metabolic development in mammals: Contribution to the reconstruction of the marsupial and eutherian morphotype
    • Szdzuy K. and U. Zeller. 2008. Lung and metabolic development in mammals: contribution to the reconstruction of the marsupial and eutherian morphotype. J Exp Zool 312B:555-578.
    • (2008) J Exp Zool , vol.312 B , pp. 555-578
    • Szdzuy, K.1    Zeller, U.2
  • 88
    • 0014253759 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory physiology of house sparrows in relation to high-altitude flight
    • Tucker V.A. 1968. Respiratory physiology of house sparrows in relation to high-altitude flight. J Exp Biol 48:55-66.
    • (1968) J Exp Biol , vol.48 , pp. 55-66
    • Tucker, V.A.1
  • 89
    • 0036023250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling of rotational inertia in murine rodents and two species of lizard
    • Walter R.M. and D.R. Carrier. 2002. Scaling of rotational inertia in murine rodents and two species of lizard. J Exp Biol 205: 2135-2141.
    • (2002) J Exp Biol , vol.205 , pp. 2135-2141
    • Walter, R.M.1    Carrier, D.R.2
  • 90
    • 0026888526 scopus 로고
    • An aerodynamic valve in the avian primary bronchus
    • Wang N., R.B. Banzett, C.S. Nations, and F.A. Jenkins. 1992. An aerodynamic valve in the avian primary bronchus. J Exp Biol 262:441-445.
    • (1992) J Exp Biol , vol.262 , pp. 441-445
    • Wang, N.1    Banzett, R.B.2    Nations, C.S.3    Jenkins, F.A.4
  • 91
    • 33750942612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out of thin air: Dinosaurs, birds, and the earth's ancient atmosphere
    • Washington, DC
    • Ward P.D. 2006. Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and the Earth's Ancient Atmosphere. J. Henry, Washington, DC.
    • (2006) J. Henry
    • Ward, P.D.1
  • 92
    • 0032585795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 supply through comparative physiology
    • 2 supply through comparative physiology. Respir Physiol 118:85-93.
    • (1999) Respir Physiol , vol.118 , pp. 85-93
    • Weibel, E.R.1
  • 94
    • 0033672016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular responses to mechanical stress. Invited review: Pulmonary capillary stress failure
    • -. 2000. Cellular responses to mechanical stress. Invited review: pulmonary capillary stress failure. J Appl Physiol 89: 2483-2489.
    • (2000) J Appl Physiol , vol.89 , pp. 2483-2489
  • 95
    • 11144314340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robert boyle's landmark book of 1660 with the first experiments on rarified air
    • -. 2004. Robert Boyle's landmark book of 1660 with the first experiments on rarified air. J Appl Physiol 98:31-39.
    • (2004) J Appl Physiol , vol.98 , pp. 31-39


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.