Formation of nitrogenated organic aerosols in the Titan upper atmosphere

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 107, Issue 28, 2010, Pages 12423-12428

  Imanakaa, Hiroshi ^a,b,c   Smith, Mark A ^a,b  

^a University of Arizona   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^c SETI INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmospheric chemistry; Cyanomethylene; N(2D); Prebiotic

Indexed keywords

CARBOXYLIC ACID; PREBIOTIC AGENT;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; GAS; ION CYCLOTRON RESONANCE MASS SPECTROMETRY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN FIXATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; VACUUM;

AEROSOLS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ATMOSPHERE; GASES; HYDROCARBONS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN; NITROGEN FIXATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOLYSIS; SATURN;

EID: 77955433897     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913353107     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Waite JH, Jr, et al. (2007) The process of tholin formation in Titan's upper atmosphere. Science 316:870-875.
2. Coates AJ, et al. (2007) Discovery of heavy negative ions in Titan's ionosphere. Geophys Res Lett 34.
3. Cui J, et al. (2009) Analysis of Titan's neutral upper atmosphere from Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer measurements. Icarus 200:581-615.
4. Magee BA, et al. (2009) INMS-derived composition of Titan's upper atmosphere: Analysis methods and model comparison. Planet Space Sci 57:1895-1916.
5. Vuitton V, Yelle RV, McEwan MJ (2007) Ion chemistry and N-containing molecules in Titan's upper atmosphere. Icarus 191:722-742.
6. Israël G, et al. (2005) Complex organic matter in Titan's atmospheric aerosols from in situ pyrolysis and analysis. Nature 438:796-799. (Pubitemid 41753057)
7. Hunten DM, et al. (1984) Titan. Saturn, eds T Gehrels and MS Matthews (Univ of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ), pp 671-759.
8. Yung YL, DeMore WB (1999) Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres (Oxford Univ Press, New York) p 456.
9. Fox JL, Galand MI, Johnson RE (2008) Energy deposition in planetary atmospheres by charged particles and solar photons. Space Sci Rev 139:3-62.
10. 4 reaction and implications for atmospheric models of Titan. J Phys Chem A 113:11138-11152.
11. 2D) + ethylene. J Phys Chem A 104:5655-5659.
12. Balucani N, et al. (2000) Cyanomethylene formation from the reaction of excited nitrogen atoms with acetylene: A crossed beam and ab initio study. J Am Chem Soc 122:4443-4450. (Pubitemid 30317099)
13. Wilson EH, Atreya SK (2004) Current state of modeling the photochemistry of Titan's mutually dependent atmosphere and ionosphere. J Geophys Res 109:E06002 doi: 10 .1029/2003JE002181.
14. Lavvas PP, Coustenis A, Vardavas IM (2008) Coupling photochemistry with haze formation in Titan's atmosphere, Part I: Model description. Planet Space Sci 56:27-66.
15. Yung YL (1987) An update of nitrile photochemistry on Titan. Icarus 72:468-472.
16. Wilson EH, Atreya SK (2003) Chemical sources of haze formation in Titan's atmosphere. Planet Space Sci 51:1017-1033.
17. Lavvas PP, Coustenis A, Vardavas IM (2008) Coupling photochemistry with haze formation in Titan's atmosphere, Part II: Results and validation with Cassini/Huygens data. Planet Space Sci 56:67-99.
18. Clarke DW, Ferris JP (1997) Titan haze: structure and properties of cyanoacetylene and cyanoacetylene-acetylene photopolymers. Icarus 127:158-172.
19. 4: Structural suggestions for amino acid and oligomer precursors. Origins Life Evol B 19:503-504.
20. Tran BN, et al. (2005) Photochemical processes on Titan: Irradiation of mixtures of gases that simulate Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 177:106-115.
21. Imanaka H, Smith MA (2007) Role of photoionization in the formation of complex organic molecules in Titan's upper atmosphere. Geophys Res Lett 34:L02204 doi: 10 .1029/2006GL028317.
22. Imanaka H, Smith MA (2009) EUV photochemical production of unsaturated hydrocarbons: Implications to EUV photochemistry in Titan and Jovian planets. J Phys Chem A 113:11187-11194.
23. 2 from threshold to 107 eV. J Chem Phys 86:6128-6132.
24. Heimann PA, et al. (1997) Performance of the vacuum ultraviolet high-resolution and high-flux beamline for chemical dynamics studies at the Advanced Light Source. Rev Sci Instrum 68:1945-1951.
25. Marshall AG, Rodgers RP (2008) Petroleomics: Chemistry of the underworld. P Natl Acad Sci 105:18090-18095.
26. Hertkorn N, et al. (2008) Natural organic matter and the event horizon of mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 80:8908-8919.
27. Sekine Y, et al. (2008) The role of organic haze in Titan's atmospheric chemistry: I. Laboratory investigation on heterogeneous reaction of atomic hydrogen with Titan tholin.. Icarus 194:186-200.
28. Adamson JD, DeSain JD, Curl RF, Glass GP (1997) Reaction of cyanomethylene with nitric oxide and oxygen at 298 K: HCCN + NO, O2. J Phys Chem A 101:864-870. (Pubitemid 127578284)
29. 2A′). J Phys Chem A 108:3615-3622.
30. 2CN) radical. J Chem Phys 91:3483-3491.
31. McCarthy MC, Gottlieb CA, Cooksy AL, Thaddeus P (1995) Evidence for nonrigid HCCN. J Chem Phys 103:7779-7787.
32. Liang M-C, Yung Y, Shemansky D (2007) Photolytically generated aerosols in the mesosphere and thermosphere of Titan. Astrophys J 661:L199-L202.
33. Lavvas P, Yelle RV, Vuitton V (2009) The detached haze layer in Titan's mesosphere. Icarus 201:626-633.
34. Krasnopolsky VA (2009) A photochemical model of Titan's atmosphere and ionosphere. Icarus 201:226-256.
35. Liang M-C, et al. (2007) Source of nitrogen isotope anomaly in HCN in the atmosphere of Titan. Astrophys J 664:L115-L118.
36. Okabe H (1978) Photochemistry of Small Molecules (Wiley, New York) p 431.
37. Wang J, Ding Y-h, Sun C-c (2006) Cyanomethylidyne: A reactive carbyne radical. ChemPhysChem 7:710-722.