Characterization of the role of the pathogenicity island and vapG in the virulence of the intracellular actinomycete pathogen Rhodococcus equi

Infection and Immunity

Volumn 78, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 3323-3334

  Coulson, Garry B ^a   Agarwal, Shruti ^b,c   Hondalus, Mary K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c Athenix Corp   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

VIRULENCE FACTOR; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; VAPG PROTEIN, RHODOCOCCUS EQUI;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM MUTANT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELETION MUTANT; FEMALE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC CODE; LUNG ALVEOLUS MACROPHAGE; MACROPHAGE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; RHODOCOCCUS EQUI; VAPA GENE; VAPG GENE; WESTERN BLOTTING; ACTINOMYCETALES INFECTION; ANIMAL; BACTERIAL COUNT; CELL LINE; DISEASE MODEL; GENE DELETION; GENETICS; GENOMIC ISLAND; LIVER; LUNG; MICROBIOLOGY; MOUSE MUTANT; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PLASMID; SPLEEN; VIRULENCE;

ACTINOMYCETALES INFECTIONS; ANIMALS; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; CELL LINE; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; FEMALE; GENOMIC ISLANDS; LIVER; LUNG; MACROPHAGES; MICE; MICE, SCID; PLASMIDS; RHODOCOCCUS EQUI; SEQUENCE DELETION; SPLEEN; VIRULENCE; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

EID: 77955286993     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: 10985522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00081-10     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Ainsworth, D. M., S. W. Eicker, A. E. Yeagar, C. R. Sweeney, L. Viel, D. Tesarowski, J. P. Lavoie, A. Hoffman, M. R. Paradis, S. M. Reed, H. N. Erb, E. Davidow, and M. Nalevanko. 1998. Associations between physical examination, laboratory, and radiographic findings and outcome and subsequent racing performance of foals with Rhodococcus equi infection: 115 cases (1984-1992). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 213:510-515.
2. Arlotti, M., G. Zoboli, G. L. Moscatelli, G. Magnani, R. Maserati, V. Borghi, M. Andreoni, M. Libanore, L. Bonazzi, A. Piscina, and R. Ciammarughi. 1996. Rhodococcus equi infection in HIV-positive subjects: a retrospective analysis of 24 cases. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 28:463-467.
3. Ashour, J., and M. K. Hondalus. 2003. Phenotypic mutants of the intracellular actinomycete Rhodococcus equi created by in vivo Himar1 transposon mutagenesis. J. Bacteriol. 185:2644-2652.
4. 2, which causes macrophage-related stress, triggers induction of expression of virulence-associated plasmid determinants in Rhodococcus equi. Infect. Immun. 70:3768-3776.
5. Benoit, S., A. Benachour, S. Taouji, Y. Auffray, and A. Hartke. 2001. Induction of vap genes encoded by the virulence plasmid of Rhodococcus equi during acid tolerance response. Res. Microbiol. 152:439-449.
6. Borghi, E., M. La Francesca, L. Gazzola, G. Marchetti, S. Zonato, P. Foa, A. d'Arminio Monforte, and G. Morace. 2008. Rhodococcus equi infection in a patient with spinocellular carcinoma of unknown origin. J. Med. Microbiol. 57:1431-1433.
7. Cohen, N. D., M. S. O'Conor, M. K. Chaffin, and R. J. Martens. 2005. Farm characteristics and management practices associated with development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 226:404-413.
8. Cornish, N., and J. A. Washington. 1999. Rhodococcus equi infections: clinical features and laboratory diagnosis. Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis. 19:198-215.
9. Elissalde, G. S., H. W. Renshaw, and J. A. Walberg. 1980. Corynebacterium equi: an interhost review with emphasis on the foal. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 3:433-445.
10. Fernandez-Mora, E., M. Polidori, A. Luhrmann, U. E. Schaible, and A. Haas. 2005. Maturation of Rhodococcus equi-containing vacuoles is arrested after completion of the early endosome stage. Traffic 6:635-653.
11. Giguere, S., M. K. Hondalus, J. A. Yager, P. Darrah, D. M. Mosser, and J. F. Prescott. 1999. Role of the 85-kilobase plasmid and plasmid-encoded virulence-associated protein A in intracellular survival and virulence of Rhodococcus equi. Infect. Immun. 67:3548-3557. (Pubitemid 29291528)
12. Giguere, S., S. Jacks, G. D. Roberts, J. Hernandez, M. T. Long, and C. Ellis. 2004. Retrospective comparison of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin for the treatment of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 18:568-573.
13. Harvey, R. L., and J. C. Sunstrum. 1991. Rhodococcus equi infection in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13:139-145.
14. Hondalus, M. K., and D. M. Mosser. 1994. Survival and replication of Rhodococcus equi in macrophages. Infect. Immun. 62:4167-4175.
15. Hong, Y., and M. K. Hondalus. 2008. Site-specific integration of Streptomyces PhiC31 integrase-based vectors in the chromosome of Rhodococcus equi. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 287:63-68.
16. Jacks, S., S. Giguere, and J. F. Prescott. 2007. In vivo expression of and cell-mediated immune responses to the plasmid-encoded virulence-associated proteins of Rhodococcus equi in foals. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 14:369-374. (Pubitemid 46732546)
17. Jain, S., B. R. Bloom, and M. K. Hondalus. 2003. Deletion of vapA encoding virulence associated protein A attenuates the intracellular actinomycete Rhodococcus equi. Mol. Microbiol. 50:115-128. (Pubitemid 37222791)
18. Kedlaya, I., and M. Ing. 2008. Rhodococcus equi. http://emedicine. medscape.com/article/235466-overview.
19. Lasky, J. A., N. Pulkingham, M. A. Powers, and D. T. Durack. 1991. Rhodococcus equi causing human pulmonary infection: review of 29 cases. South. Med. J. 84:1217-1220.
20. Letek, M., A. A. Ocampo-Sosa, M. Sanders, U. Fogarty, T. Buckley, D. P. Leadon, P. Gonzalez, M. Scortti, W. G. Meijer, J. Parkhill, S. Bentley, and J. A. Vazquez-Boland. 2008. Evolution of the Rhodococcus equi vap pathogenicity island seen through comparison of host-associated vapA and vapB virulence plasmids. J. Bacteriol. 190:5797-5805.
21. Munoz, P., A. Burillo, J. Palomo, M. Rodriguez-Creixems, and E. Bouza. 1998. Rhodococcus equi infection in transplant recipients: case report and review of the literature. Transplantation 65:449-453.
22. Muscatello, G., D. P. Leadon, M. Klayt, A. Ocampo-Sosa, D. A. Lewis, U. Fogarty, T. Buckley, J. R. Gilkerson, W. G. Meijer, and J. A. Vazquez-Boland. 2007. Rhodococcus equi infection in foals: the science of 'rattles'. Equine Vet. J. 39:470-478.
23. Polidori, M., and A. Haas. 2006. VapI, a new member of the Rhodococcus equi Vap family. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 90:299-304.
24. Prescott, J. F. 1991. Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 4:20-34.
25. Ren, J., and J. F. Prescott. 2003. Analysis of virulence plasmid gene expression of intra-macrophage and in vitro grown Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701. Vet. Microbiol. 94:167-182.
26. Ren, J., and J. F. Prescott. 2004. The effect of mutation on Rhodococcus equi virulence plasmid gene expression and mouse virulence. Vet. Microbiol. 103:219-230.
27. Rengarajan, J., B. R. Bloom, and E. J. Rubin. 2005. Genome-wide requirements for Mycobacterium tuberculosis adaptation and survival in macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102:8327-8332.
28. Reuss, S. M., M. K. Chaffin, and N. D. Cohen. 2009. Extrapulmonary disorders associated with Rhodococcus equi infection in foals: 150 cases (1987-2007). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 235:855-863.
29. Russell, D. A., G. A. Byrne, E. P. O'Connell, C. A. Boland, and W. G. Meijer. 2004. The LysR-type transcriptional regulator VirR is required for expression of the virulence gene vapA of Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701. J. Bacteriol. 186:5576-5584.
30. Speck, D., I. Koneth, M. Diethelm, and I. Binet. 2008. A pulmonary mass caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in a renal transplant recipient. Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol. 4:398-403.
31. Steyn, A. J., J. Joseph, and B. R. Bloom. 2003. Interaction of the sensor module of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv KdpD with members of the Lpr family. Mol. Microbiol. 47:1075-1089.
32. Stover, C. K., V. F. de la Cruz, T. R. Fuerst, J. E. Burlein, L. A. Benson, L. T. Bennett, G. P. Bansal, J. F. Young, M. H. Lee, G. F. Hatfull, et al. 1991. New use of BCG for recombinant vaccines. Nature 351:456-460.
33. Takai, S., S. A. Hines, T. Sekizaki, V. M. Nicholson, D. A. Alperin, M. Osaki, D. Takamatsu, M. Nakamura, K. Suzuki, N. Ogino, T. Kakuda, H. Dan, and J. F. Prescott. 2000. DNA sequence and comparison of virulence plasmids from Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701 and 103. Infect. Immun. 68:6840-6847.
34. Takai, S., K. Koike, S. Ohbushi, C. Izumi, and S. Tsubaki. 1991. Identification of 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens associated with virulent Rhodococcus equi. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:439-443.
35. Takai, S., T. Sekizaki, T. Ozawa, T. Sugawara, Y. Watanabe, and S. Tsubaki. 1991. Association between a large plasmid and 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens in virulent Rhodococcus equi. Infect. Immun. 59:4056-4060.
36. Toyooka, K., S. Takai, and T. Kirikae. 2005. Rhodococcus equi can survive a phagolysosomal environment in macrophages by suppressing acidification of the phagolysosome. J. Med. Microbiol. 54:1007-1015.
37. van der Geize, R., W. de Jong, G. I. Hessels, A. W. Grommen, A. A. Jacobs, and L. Dijkhuizen. 2008. A novel method to generate unmarked gene deletions in the intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi using 5-fluorocytosine conditional lethality. Nucleic Acids Res. 36:e151.
38. von Bargen, K., M. Polidori, U. Becken, G. Huth, J. F. Prescott, and A. Haas. 2009. Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated protein A is required for diversion of phagosome biogenesis but not for cytotoxicity. Infect. Immun. 77: 5676-5681.
39. Zink, M. C., J. A. Yager, and N. L. Smart. 1986. Corynebacterium equi infections in horses, 1958-1984: a review of 131 cases. Can. Vet. J. 28:213-217.