A computational shape-based model of anger and sadness justifies a configural representation of faces

Vision Research

Volumn 50, Issue 17, 2010, Pages 1693-1711

  Neth, Donald ^a   Martinez, Aleix M ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Computational model; Configural recognition; Emotions; Face perception; Face recognition; Facial expressions of emotion; Shape analysis; Statistical model

Indexed keywords

ANGER; ARTICLE; ASIAN FACE; EMOTION; EYE; EYEBROW; EYEBROW TO MOUTH DISTANCE; FACE PROFILE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MODEL; MOUTH; NORMAL HUMAN; NOSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECOGNITION; SADNESS;

ANGER; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CUES; EMOTIONS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 77955093125     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.05.024     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Abbas Z.A., Duchaine B. The role of holistic processing in judgments of facial attractiveness. Perception 2008, 37:1187-1196.
2. Balas B.J., Sinha P. Portraits and perception: Configural information in creating and recognizing face images. Spatial Vision 2008, 21:119-135.
3. Baudouin J.Y., Humphreys G.W. Configural information in gender categorization. Perception 2006, 35(4):531-540.
4. Benson P.J., Perrett D.I. Visual processing of facial distinctiveness. Perception 1994, 23:75-93.
5. Bouvrie J.V., Sinha P. Object concept learning: Observations in congenitally blind children and a computational model. Neurocomputing 2007, 70:2218-2233.
6. Bruce V., Yong A. Understanding face recognition. British Journal of Psychology 1986, 77:305-327.
7. Theories of theories of mind 1996, Cambridge University Press. P. Carruthers, P.K. Smith (Eds.).
8. Calder A.J., Young A.W., Keane J., Dean M. Configural information in facial expression perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2000, 26:527-551.
9. Chambon V., Baudouin J.Y., Franck N. The role of configural information in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 2006, 44:2437-2444.
10. Craw I., Costen N., Kato T., Akamatsu S. How should we represent faces for automatic recognition?. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1999, 21:725-736.
11. Darwin C. The expression of the emotions in man and animal 1872, J. Murray, London.
12. Deruelle C., Mancini J., Livet M.O., Cassé-Perrot C., de Schonen S. Configural and local processing of faces in children with Williams syndrome. Brain and Cognition 1999, 41:276-298.
13. Diamond R., Carey S. Why faces are and are not special: An effect of expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1986, 115:107-117.
14. Ding L., Martinez A.M. Features versus context: An approach for precise and detailed detection and delineation of faces and facial features. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2010, 2010.
15. Dryden I.L., Mardia K.V. Statistical shape analysis 1998, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, England.
16. Duchenne, G. (1862). The mechanism of human facial expression. Reprinted in 1990 by Cambridge University Press.
17. Ekman P. An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion 1992, 6:169-200.
18. Ekman P.J., Friesen W.V. The facial action coding system: A technique for the measurement of facial movement 1978, Consulting Psychology Press, San Diego.
19. Farah M.J., Wilson K.D., Drain M., Tanaka J.N. What is " special" about face perception. Psychological Review 1998, 105:482-498.
20. Freire A., Lee K. Face recognition in 4-to 7-year-olds: Processing of configural, featural, and paraphernalia information. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2001, 80:347-371.
21. Fukunaga K. Introduction to statistical pattern recognition 1990, Academic Press. 2nd ed.
22. Gallese V., Goldman A. Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1998, 2:493-501.
23. Gauthier I., Tarr M.J. Becoming a " Greeble" expert: Exploring mechanisms for face recognition. Vision Research 1997, 37:1673-1682.
24. Hammal Z., Arguin M., Gosselin F. Comparing a novel model based on the transferable belief model with humans during the recognition of partially occluded facial expressions. Journal of Vision 2009, 9(2). [Article 22].
25. Hamsici O.C., Martinez A.M. Bayes optimality in linear discriminant analysis. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence 2008, 30:647-657.
26. Hess U., Adams R.B., Grammer K., Kleck R.E. Face gender and emotion expression: Are angry women more like men. Journal of Vision 2009, 9(12). [Article 19].
27. Howell A.J., Buxton H. Learning identity with radial basis function networks. Neurocomputing 1998, 20:15-34.
28. Izard C.E. Emotion theory and research: Highlights, unanswered questions, and emerging issues. Annual Review of Psychology 2009, 60:1-25.
29. Kagian A., Dror G., Leyvand T., Meilijson I., Cohen-Or D., Ruppin E. A machine learning predictor of facial attractiveness revealing human-like psychophysical biases. Vision Research 2008, 48:235-243.
30. Krumhansl C.L. Concerning the applicability of geometric models to similarity data: The interrelationship between similarity and spatial density. Psychological Review 1978, 85:445-463.
31. Le Grand R., Mondloch C.J., Maurer D., Brent H.P. Impairment in holistic face processing following early visual deprivation. Psychological Science 2004, 15:762-768.
32. Lebrecht S., Pierce L.J., Tarr M.J., Tanaka J.W. Perceptual other-race training reduces implicit racial bias. PLoS One 2009, 4:e4215.
33. Leder H., Bruce V. When inverted faces are recognized: The role of configural information in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A - Human Experimental Psychology 2000, 53:513-536.
34. Leopold D.A., Bondar I.V., Giese M.A. Norm-based face encoding by single neurons in the monkey inferotemporal cortex. Nature 2006, 442:572-575.
35. Martinez A.M. Matching expression variant faces. Vision Research 2003, 43:1047-1060.
36. Martinez, A. M., & Benavente, R. (1998). The AR-face database. Computer vision center, technical report 24.
37. Martinez A.M., Kak A.C. PCA versus LDA. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence 2001, 23:228-233.
38. Martinez A.M., Zhu M. Where are linear feature extraction methods applicable. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence 2005, 27:1934-1944.
39. Matsumoto D., Ekman P. Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) 1988, Intercultural and Emotion Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA.
40. Michel C., Rossion B., Han J., Chung C.S., Caldara R. Holistic processing is finely tuned for faces of one's own race. Psychological Science 2006, 17:608-615.
41. Mondloch C.J., Maurer D., Ahola S. Becoming a face expert. Psychological Science 2006, 17:930-934.
42. Moscovitch M., Winocur G., Behrmann M. What is special about face recognition? Nineteen experiments on a person with visual object agnosia and dyslexia but normal face recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1997, 9:555-604.
43. Neth D., Martinez A.M. Emotion perception in emotionless face images suggests a norm-based representation. Journal of Vision 2009, 9(1):1-11. 5.
44. Pantic M., Bartlett M.S. Machine analysis of facial expressions. Face recognition 2009, 377-416. I-Tech Education and Publishing, Vienna, Austria. K. Delac, M. Grgic (Eds.).
45. Pascalis O., de Haan M., Nelson C.A. Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life. Science 2002, 296:1321-1323.
46. Pollak S.D., Messner M., Kistler D.J., Cohn J.F. Development of perceptual expertise in emotion recognition. Cognition 2009, 110:242-247.
47. Preston S.D., de Waal F.B.M. Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2003, 25:1-20.
48. Rhodes G. Looking at faces: First-order and second-order features as determinants of facial appearance. Perception 1988, 17:43-63.
49. Rhodes G., Brake S., Atkinson A.P. What's lost in inverted faces. Cognition 1993, 47:25-57.
50. Rhodes G., Tan S., Brake S., Taylor K. Expertise and configural coding in face recognition. British Journal of Psychology 1989, 80:313-331.
51. Riesenhuber M., Jarudi I., Gilad S., Sinha P. Face processing in humans is compatible with a simple shape-based model of vision. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 2004, 271(Suppl.):S448-S450.
52. Rizzolatti G., Fogassi L., Gallese V. Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2001, 2:661-670.
53. Russell J.A. A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1980, 39:1161-1178.
54. Russell J.A. Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review 2003, 110:145-172.
55. Schwaninger A., Wallraven C., Bülthoff H.H. Computational modeling of face recognition based on psychophysical experiments. Swiss Journal of Psychology 2004, 63:207-215.
56. Shin Y.W., Na M.H., Ha T.H., Kang D.H., Yoo S.Y., Kwon J.S. Dysfunction in configural face processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2008, 34:538-543.
57. Sinha P. Recognizing complex patterns. Nature Neuroscience 2002, 5(Suppl.):1093-1097.
58. Sinha P., Poggio T. I think I know that face.... Nature 1996, 384:404.
59. Smith M.L., Cottrell G.W., Gosselin F., Schyns P.G. Transmitting and decoding facial expressions. Psychological Science 2005, 16(3):184-189.
60. Tanaka J.W., Farah M.J. Parts and wholes in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A - Human Experimental Psychology 1993, 46:225-245.
61. Tanaka J.W., Kiefer M., Bukach C. A holistic account of the own-race effect in face recognition: Evidence from a cross-cultural study. Cognition 2004, 93:B1-B9.
62. Tanaka J.W., Sengco J. Features and their configuration in face recognition. Memory & Cognition 1997, 25:583-592.
63. Tsao D.Y., Freiwald W.A., Tootell R.B.H., Livingstone M.S. A cortical region consisting entirely of face-selective cells. Science 2006, 311:670-674.
64. Valentine T. A unified account of the effects of distinctiveness, inversion, and race in face recognition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 1991, 43A:161-204.
65. Vollm B.A., Taylor A.N.W., Richardson P., Corcoran R., Stirling J., McKie S., et al. Neuronal correlates of theory of mind and empathy: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a nonverbal task. Neuroimage 2006, 29:90-98.
66. White M. Representation of facial expressions of emotion. American Journal of Psychology 1999, 112:371-381.
67. Wilbraham D.A., Christensen J.C., Martinez A.M., Todd J.T. Can low level image differences account for the ability of human observers to discriminate facial identity. Journal of Vision 2008, 8(15, 5):1-12.
68. Yin R.K. Looking at upside-down faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1969, 81:141-145.
69. Zebrowitz L.A. Reading faces: Window to the soul 1997, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
70. Zebrowitz L.A., Fellous J. Facial resemblance to emotion: Group differences, impression effects, and race stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2010, 98(2):175-189.