Child psychopathy and protective factors: IQ and motivation to change

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 158-176

  Salekin, Randall T ^a   Lee, Zina ^b   Schrum Dillard, Crystal L ^c   Kubak, Franz A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

^b KWANTLEN POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^d SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Intelligence; Longitudinal; Motivation to change; Protective factor; Psychopathy

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955034811     PISSN: 10768971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019233     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Asendorpf J.B. The malleability of behavior inhibition: A study of individual developmental functions. Developmental Psychology 1994, 30:912-919.
2. Bandura A. Self efficacy: The exercise of control 1997, Henry Holt, New York.
3. Bandura A., Caprara G.V., Barbaranelli C., Pastrorelli C., Regalia C. Sociocognitive self-regulatory mechanisms governing transgressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 80:125-135.
4. Bazemore G. On mission statements and reform in juvenile justice: The case of the " balanced approach." Federal Probation 1992, 56:64-70.
5. Belfrage H., Lidberg L., Oreland L. Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in mentally disordered violent offenders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1992, 85:218-221.
6. Block J., Kremen A.M. IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996, 70:349-361.
7. Brannen D.N., Salekin R.T., Zapf P.A., Salekin K.L., Kubak F.A., DeCoster J. Transfer to adult court: A national study of how juvenile court judges weigh pertinent Kent criteria. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 2006, 12:332-355.
8. Cleckley H. The mask of sanity 1941, Mosby, St. Louis, MO.
9. Cornell D.G., Wilson L.A. The PIQ > VIQ discrepancy in verbal and non-verbal delinquents. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1992, 48:256-261.
10. Deci E.L., Ryan R.M. The " what" and " why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry 2000, 11:227-268.
11. Fontaine N., Barker E.D., Salekin R.T., Viding E. Dimensions of psychopathy and their relationships to cognitive functioning in children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 2008, 37:690-696.
12. Forsman M., Lichtenstein P., Andershed H., Larsson H. A longitudinal twin study of the direction of effects between psychopathic personality and antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2010, 51:39-47.
13. Forth A.E., Hart S.D., Hare R.D. Assessment of psychopathy in male young offenders. Psychological Assessment 1990, 2:342-344.
14. Forth A.E., Kosson D., Hare R.D. Psychopathy Checklist-Youth Version 2003, Multi-Health Systems, Toronto, ON.
15. Frank S., Quinlan D.M. Ego development and female delinquency: A cognitive-developmental approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1976, 85:505-510.
16. Frick P.J., O'Brien B.S., Wooton J.M., McBurnett K. Psychopathy and conduct problems in children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1994, 103:700-707.
17. Garmezy N. Stress-resistant children: The search for protective factors. Developmental psychopathology 1985, 213-233. Pergamon Press, New York. S.E. Stevenson (Ed.).
18. Garmezy N., Masten A.S. The protective role of competence indicators in children at risk. Life-span developmental psychology: Perspectives on stress and coping 1991, 151-174. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. E.M. Cummings, A.L. Greene, K.H. Karraker (Eds.).
19. Garmezy N., Masten A.S., Tellegen A. The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development 1984, 55:97-111.
20. Heilbrun A.B. Psychopathy and violent crime. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1979, 47:509-516.
21. Heilbrun A.B. Cognitive models of criminal violence based upon intelligence and psychopathy levels. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1982, 50:546-557.
22. Iselin A.R., DeCoster J., Salekin R.T. Maturity in adolescent and young offenders: The role of cognitive control. Law and Human Behavior 2009, 455-469.
23. Jagers R.J., Sydnor K., Mouttapa M., Flay B.R. Protective factors associated with preadolescent violence: Preliminary work on a cultural model. American Journal of Community Psychology 2007, 40:138-145.
24. Kandel E., Mednick S.A., Kirkegaard-Sorenson L., Hutchings B., Knop J., Rosenberg R., Schulsinger F. IQ as a protective factor for subjects at high risk for antisocial behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1988, 56:224-226.
25. Kaufman A.S., Kaufman N.L. Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT) 1990, American Guidance Service, Circle Pines, MN.
26. Kazdin A.E. Conduct disorders across the life-span. Developmental psychopathology: Perspectives on adjustment, risk, and disorder 1997, 248-272. Cambridge University Press, New York. S.S. Luthar, J.A. Burack, D. Cicchetti, J.R. Weisz (Eds.).
27. Lahey B.B., Loeber R., Burke J., Rathouz P.J. Adolescent outcomes of childhood conduct disorder among clinic-referred boys: Predictors of improvement. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2002, 30:333-348.
28. Lee Z., Salekin R.T., Iselin A.R. Psychopathic traits in youth: Is there evidence for primary and secondary subtypes?. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2010, 38:381-393. doi: 10-1007/s10802-009-9372-7.
29. Leistico A.R., Salekin R.T. Testing the reliability and validity of the Risk, Sophistication-Maturity, and Treatment Amenability Instrument (RST-I): An assessment tool for juvenile offenders. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health Services 2003, 2:101-117.
30. Leistico A.R., Salekin R.T., DeCoster J., Rogers R. A large scale meta-analysis relating the Hare measures of psychopathy to antisocial conduct. Law and Human Behavior 2008, 32:28-45.
31. Luthar S.S. Vulnerability and resilience: A study of high risk adolescents. Child Development 1991, 62:600-616.
32. Luthar S.S. Annotation: Methodological and conceptual issues in research on childhood resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1993, 34:441-453.
33. Luthar S.S., Zigler E. Motivational factors, school atmosphere, and SES: Determinants of children's probability task performance. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 1988, 9:477-494.
34. Lynam D.R. Early identification of chronic offenders: Who is the fledgling psychopath?. Psychological Bulletin 1996, 120:209-234.
35. Lynam D.R. Pursuing the psychopath: Capturing the fledgling psychopath in a nomological net. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1997, 106:425-438.
36. Lynam D.R., Caspi A., Moffitt T.E., Raine A., Loeber R., Stouthamer-Loeber M. Adolescent psychopathy and the Big Five: Results from two samples. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2005, 33:431-444.
37. Lynam D.R., Gudonis L. The development of psychopathy. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2005, 1:381-407.
38. Lynam D.R., Moffitt T.E., Stouthamer-Loeber M. Explaining the relation between IQ and delinquency: Class, race, test motivation, school failure, or self-control?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1993, 102:187-196.
39. Mason C.A., Chapman D.A., Chang S., Simons J. Impacting re-arrest rates among youth sentenced in adult court: An epidemiological examination of the Juvenile Sentencing Advocacy Project. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 2003, 32:205-213.
40. Masten A.S., Garmezy N., Tellegen A. Competence and stress in school children: The moderating effects of individual and family qualities. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1988, 29:745-764.
41. Mischel W. On the future of personality measurement. American Psychologist 1975, 32:246-254.
42. Moffitt T.E. Life-course persistent and adolescent limited antisocial behavior: A ten year research review and research agenda. Causes of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency 2003, 49-75. Guilford Press, New York. B.B. Lahey, T.E. Moffitt, A. Caspi (Eds.).
43. Moffitt T.E., Henry B.C. Neuropsychological assessment of executive function in self-reported delinquents. Development and Psychopathology 1989, 1:105-118.
44. Monahan J. On the prediction of violence. Violence and criminal justice 1975, 15-31. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA. D. Chappell, J. Monahan (Eds.).
45. Monahan J. The classification of violence risk. Handbook of violence risk assessment 2010, 187-198. Routledge, New York. R. Otto, K. Douglas (Eds.).
46. Moos R.H. Conceptualizations of human environments. American Psychologist 1973, 28:652-665.
47. Muñoz L.C., Frick P.J., Kimonis E.R., Aucoin K.J. Verbal ability and delinquency: Testing the moderating role of psychopathic traits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2008, 49:414-421.
48. Newman J.P., Curtin J.J., Bertsch J.D., Baskin-Sommers A.R. Attention moderates the fearlessness of psychopathic offenders. Biological Psychiatry 2010, 67:66-70.
49. Rae-Grant N., Thomas B.H., Offord D.R., Boyle M.H. Risk, protective factors and the prevalence of behavioral and emotional disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1989, 28:262-268.
50. Rutter M. Psychological development: Predictions from infancy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1970, 11:49-62.
51. Rutter M. Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1987, 57:316-331.
52. Salekin R.T. Risk-Sophistication-Treatment Inventory 2004, Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz, FL.
53. Salekin R.T. Psychopathy in children and adolescents: Key issues in conceptualization and assessment. Handbook of psychopathy 2006, 389-414. Guilford Press, New York. C.J. Patrick (Ed.).
54. Salekin R.T. Handbook of child and adolescent psychopathy 2010, Guilford Press, New York. R.T. Salekin, D.R. Lynam (Eds.).
55. Salekin R.T., Frick P.J. Psychopathy in children and adolescents: The need for a developmental perspective. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2005, 33:403-409.
56. Salekin R.T., Leistico A.R., Trobst K.K., Schrum C.L., Lochman J.E. Adolescent psychopathy and personality theory-The interpersonal circumplex: Expanding evidence of a nomological net. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2005, 33:445-460.
57. Salekin R.T., Lynam D.R. Treatment of child and adolescent psychopathy: Focusing on change. Handbook of child and adolescent psychopathy 2010, 343-375. Guilford Press, New York.
58. Salekin R.T., Neumann C.S., Leistico A.R., DiCicco T.M., Duros R.L. Psychopathy and comorbidity in a young offender sample: Taking a closer look at psychopathy's potential importance over the disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2004, 113:416-427.
59. Salekin R.T., Neumann C.S., Leistico A.R., Zalot A.A. Psychopathy in youth and intelligence: An investigation of Cleckley's hypothesis. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 2004, 33:731-742.
60. Shah S.A. Dangerousness: A paradigm for exploring some issues in law and psychology. American Psychologist 1978, 33:224-238.
61. Shirtcliff E.A., Vitacco M.J., Gostisha A.J., Merz J.L., Zahn-Waxler C. Neurobiology of empathy and callousness: Implications for the development of antisocial behavior. Behavioral Sciences and the Law 2009, 27:137-171.
62. Sroufe L.A., Rutter M. The domain of developmental psychopathology. Child Development 1984, 55:17-29.
63. Trapnell P., Wiggins J.S. Extension of the Interpersonal Adjective Scales to the Big Five dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991, 59:781-790.
64. Viding E. Annotation: Understanding the development of psychopathy. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychology 2004, 45:1329-1337.
65. Viding, E., & Larsson, H. (in press). Genetics of child and adolescent psychopathy. In R. T. Salekin & D. R. Lynam (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent psychopathy. New York: Guilford Press.
66. Vitacco M.J., Neumann C.S., Jackson R.L. Testing the four-factor model of psychopathy and its association with ethnicity, gender, intelligence, and violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2005, 73:466-476.
67. Weinstein N.D. Testing four competing theories of health-protective behavior. Health Psychology 1993, 12:324-333.
68. Werner E.E., Smith R.S. Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood 1982, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
69. White J.L., Moffitt T.E., Silva P.A. A prospective replication of the protective effects of IQ in subjects at high risk for juvenile delinquency. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1989, 57:719-724.
70. Widiger T.A., Lynam D.R. Psychopathy and the five-factor model of personality. Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior 1998, 171-187. Guilford Press, New York. T. Millon, E. Simonsen, M. Birket-Smith, R.D. Davis (Eds.).
71. Wiggins J.S., Trobst K.K. The Interpersonal Adjective Scales: Big Five Version (IASR-B5). Big Five assessment 2002, 264-276. Hogrefe & Huber, Ashland, OH. B. de Raad, M. Perugini (Eds.).