Clinical guidelines and nutrition therapy: Better understanding and greater application to patient care

Critical Care Clinics

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 451-466

  McClave, Stephen A ^a   Hurt, Ryan T ^a,b  

^a University of Louisville School of Medicine   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

Enteral nutrition; Guidelines; Mortality; Parenteral nutrition

Indexed keywords

FISH OIL;

CLINICAL PRACTICE; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DECISION MAKING; ENTERIC FEEDING; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MEDICAL SOCIETY; NUTRITION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; PATIENT CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

CRITICAL CARE; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; META-ANALYSIS AS TOPIC; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC;

EID: 77954917351     PISSN: 07490704     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2010.04.008     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. McClave S.A., Martindale R.G., Vanek V.W., et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient. JPEN J Parenter Eternal Nutr 2009, 37(5):277-316.
2. ASPEN Board of Directors and the Clinical Guidelines Task Force Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2002, 26. 1SA-138SA.
3. Heyland D.K., Dhaliwal R., Drover J.W., et al. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003, 27:355-373.
4. Dellinger R.P., Carlet J.M., Masur H., et al. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004, 32(3):858-873.
5. Martindale R.G., McClave S.A., Vanek V.W., et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN): executive summary. Crit Care Med 2009, 37(5):1757-1761.
6. Choban P.S., Dickerson R.N. Morbid obesity and nutrition support: is bigger different?. Nutr Clin Pract 2005, 20:480-487.
7. Bochicchio G.V., Joshi M., Bochicchio K., et al. Impact of obesity in the critically ill trauma patient: a prospective study. J Am Coll Surg 2006, 203(4):533-538.
8. Bercault N., Boulain T., Kuteifan K., et al. Obesity-related excess mortality rate in an adult intensive care unit: a risk-adjusted matched cohort study. Crit Care Med 2004, 32(4):998-1003.
9. Alberda C., Gramlich L., Jones N., et al. The relationship between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: results of an international multicenter observational study. Intensive Care Med 2009, 35(10):1728-1737.
10. Elwyn D.H. Nutritional requirements of adult surgical patients. Crit Care Med 1980, 8:9-20.
11. Hill G.L., Church J. Energy and protein requirements of general surgical patients requiring intravenous nutrition. Br J Surg 1984, 71:1-9.
12. Taylor S.J., Fettes S.B., Jewkes C., et al. Prospective, randomized, controlled trial to determine the effect of early enhanced enteral nutrition on clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients suffering head injury. Crit Care Med 1999, 27:2525-2531.
13. Pinilla J.C., Samphire J., Arnold C., et al. Comparison of gastrointestinal tolerance to two enteral feeding protocols in critically ill patients: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2001, 25(2):81-86.
14. McClave S.A., Lukan J.K., Stefater J.A., et al. Poor validity of residual volumes as a marker for risk of aspiration in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2005, 33:324-330.
15. Montejo J.C., Minambres E., Bordeje L., et al. Gastric residual volume during enteral nutrition in ICU patients: the REGANE study [abstract 0455]. Intensive Care Med 2008, [Epub ahead of print].
16. Powell K.S., Marcuard S.P., Farrior E.S., et al. Aspirating gastric residuals causes occlusion of small-bore feeding tubes. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993, 17:243-246.
17. Poulard F., Dimet J., Martin-Levrel A., et al. Impact of not measuring gastric residual volume in mechanically ventilated patients receiving early enteral feeding: a prospective before-afterstudy. JPEN 2010, 34(2):125-130.
18. Meissner W., Dohrn B., Reinhart K. Enteral naloxone reduces gastric tube reflux and frequency of pneumonia in critical care patients during opioid analgesia. Crit Care Med 2003, 31(3):776-780.
19. Kudsk K.A., Croce M.A., Fabian T.C., et al. Enteral versus parenteral feeding: effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg 1992, 215:503-513.
20. Heyland D.K., Novak F. Immunonutrition in the critically ill patient: more harm than good?. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2001, 25:S51-S55.
21. Bower R.H., Cerra F.B., Bershadsky B., et al. Early enteral administration of a formula (Impact) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Crit Care Med 1995, 23(3):436-449.
22. Dent D.L., Heyland D.K., Levy H., et al. Immunonutrition may increase mortality in critically ill patients with pneumonia: results of a randomized trial. Crit Care Med 2003, 30:A17.
23. Bertolini G., Iapichino G., Radrizzani D., et al. Early enteral immunonutrition in patients with severe sepsis: results of an interim analysis of a randomized multicentre clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 2003, 29(5):834-840.
24. Galban C., Montejo J.C., Mesejo A., et al. An immune-enhancing enteral diet reduces mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 2000, 28(3):643-648.
25. Kieft H., Roos A., Bindels A., et al. Clinical outcome of an immune enhancing diet in a heterogenous intensive care population. Intensive Care Med 2005, 31:524-532.
26. Available at:, Accessed January 2010. http://www.criticalcarenutrition.com.
27. Available at:, Accessed January 2010. mailto:eal@adaevidencelibrary.com.
28. Luiking Y.C., Poeze M., Preiser J., et al. L-Arginine infusion in severely septic patients does not enhance protein nitrosylation or haemodynamic instability. E-SPEN 2006, 1:14-15.
29. Nijveldt R.J., Siroen M.P., Teerlink T., et al. Elimination of asymmetric dimethylarginine by the kidney and the liver: a link to the development of multiple organ failure. J Nutr 2004, 134:2848S-2852S.
30. Boger R.H. The pharmacodynamics of L-arginine. J Nutr 2007, 137:1650S.
31. A prospective, randomized, multi-center trial of initial EDEN-Omega trophic enteral feeding followed by advancement to full calorie enteral feeding vs. early advancement to full calorie enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled multi-center trial of omega-3 fatty acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and anti-oxidant supplementation in management of acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) P.I. Marc Moss. Sponsor: NIH/NHLBI. Available at:, Accessed October 2009. http://www.ardsnet.org/taxonomy/term/135.
32. Herndon D.N., Barrow R.E., Stein M., et al. Increased mortality with intravenous supplemental feeding in severely burned patients. J Burn Care Rehabil 1989, 10:309-313.
33. Herndon D.N., Stein M.D., Rutan T.C., et al. Failure of TPN supplementation to improve liver function, immunity, and mortality in thermally injured patients. J Trauma 1987, 27:195-204.
34. Chiarelli A.G., Ferrarello S., Piccioli A., et al. Total enteral nutrition versus mixed enteral and parenteral nutrition in patients in an intensive care unit. Minerva Anestesiol 1996, 62:1-7.
35. Bauer P., Charpentier C., Bouchet C., et al. Parenteral with enteral nutrition in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med 2000, 26:893-900.
36. Dunham C.M., Frankenfield D., Belzberg H., et al. Gut failure-predictor of or contributor to mortality in mechanically ventilated blunt trauma patients?. J Trauma 1994, 37(1):30-34.
37. Villet S., Chiolero R.L., Bollmann M.D., et al. Negative impact of hypocaloric feeding and energy balance on clinical outcome in ICU patients. Clin Nutr 2005, 24(4):502-509.
38. Kreymann K.G., Berger M.M., Deutz N.E., et al. ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: intensive care. Clin Nutr 2006, 25(2):210-223.
39. Senna M.J., Utter G.H., Cuschieri J., et al. Early supplemental parenteral nutrition is associated with increased infectious complications in critically ill trauma patients. J Am Coll Surg 2008, 207:459-467.
40. Elke G., Schadler D., Engel C., et al. Current practice in nutrition support and it association with mortality in septic patients-results of a national, prospective, multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2008, 36(6):1762-1767.
41. Dvir D., Cohen J., Singer P. Computerized energy balance and complications in critically ill patients: an observational study. Clin Nutr 2006, 25:37-44.
42. Jain M., Heyland D.K., Dhaliwal R., et al. Dissemination of the Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support: results of a cluster randomized trial. Crit Care Med 2006, 34:2362-2399.
43. Doig G.S., Simpson F., Finfer S., et al. Effect of evidence-based feeding guidelines on mortality of critically ill adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008, 300(23):2731-2741.
44. Available at:, Accessed April 2010. http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org.
45. Bistrian B. Parenteral versus enteral nutrition in the critically ill. JPEN 2010, 34(3):348-349.
46. Simpson F., Doig G.S. Parenteral vs. enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle. Intensive Care Med 2005, 31(1):12-23.
47. Gramlich L., Kichian K., Pinilla J., et al. Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature. Nutrition 2004, 20(10):843-848.
48. Moore F.A., Feliciano D.V., Andrassy R.J., et al. Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications: the results of a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 1992, 216:172-183.
49. Peter J.V., Moran J.L., Phillips-Hughes J. A metaanalysis of treatment outcomes of early enteral versus early parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients. Crit Care Med 2005, 33(1):213-220.
50. Heyland D.K., Dhaliwal R., Drover J.W., et al. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated critically ill adult patients. JPEN 2003, 27:355-373.
51. Rapp R.P., Young D.B., Twyman D. The favorable effect of early parenteral feeding on survival in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 1983, 58:906-912.
52. Woodcock N.P., Zeigler D., Palmer M.D., et al. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition: a pragmatic study. Nutrition 2001, 17:1-12.
53. Young B., Ott L., Haack D. Effect of total parenteral nutrition upon intracranial pressure in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1987, 67:76-80.
54. Charash W.E., Kearney P.A., Annus K.A., et al. Early enteral feeding is associated with an attenuation of the acute phase/cytokine response and improved outcome following multiple trauma. J Trauma 1994, 37:1015.
55. Rayes R., Hansen S., Seehofer D., et al. Early enteral supply of fiber and Lactobacilli versus conventional nutrition: a controlled trial in patients with major abdominal surgery. Nutrition 2002, 18:609-615.
56. Moore F.A., Moore E.E., Jones T.N., et al. TEN versus TPN following major abdominal trauma-reduced septic morbidity. J Trauma 1989, 29(7):916-923.
57. Kalfarentzos F., Kehagias J., Mead N., et al. Enteral nutrition is superior to parenteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis: results of a randomized prospective trial. Br J Surg 1997, 84:1665-1669.
58. Cerra F.B., McPherson J.P., Konstantinides F.N., et al. Enteral nutrition does not prevent multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) after sepsis. Surgery 1988, 104:727-733.
59. Borzotta A.P., Pennings J., Papasadero B., et al. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition after severe closed head injury. J Trauma 1994, 37(3):459-468.
60. Koretz R.L. Carts, horses, and evidence. JPEN J Parenter Eternal Nutr 2008, 32(4):482-485.