The effect of predator appetite, prey warning coloration and luminance on predator foraging decisions

Behaviour

Volumn 147, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1121-1143

  Sandre, Siiri Lii ^a   Stevens, Martin ^b   Mappes, Johanna ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ   (Finland)

Author keywords

avian vision; colour; generalization; luminance; warning signals

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; ARTHROPODA; AVES; HEXAPODA;

EID: 77954914439     PISSN: 00057959     EISSN: 1568539X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/000579510X507001     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Alcock, J. (1970). Punishment levels and the response of black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) to three kinds of artificial seeds.- Anim. Behav. 18: 592-599.
2. Barnett, C., Rowe, C. & Bateson, M. (2007). Educated predators strategically trade-off the costs and benefits of consuming aposematic prey.-Behav. Ecol. 18: 645-651.
3. Blough, D.S. (1967). Stimulus generalization as signal detection in pigeons. -Science 158: 940-941.
4. Bowmaker, J.K. (2005). Vision in birds: the avian retina. - In: Insect and bird interactions (van Emden, H.F. & Rothschild, M., eds). Intercept, Andover, p. 149-163.
5. Brower, L.P., Van Zandt Brower, J., Stiles, F.G., Croze, H.J. & Hower, A.S. (1964). Mimicry - differential advantage of color patterns in the natural environment. - Science 144: 183-185.
6. Burghardt, F., Proksch, P. & Fiedler, K. (2001). Flavonoid sequestration by the common blue butterfly Polyommatus icarus: quantitative intraspecific variation in relation to larval hostplant, sex and body size. -Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 29: 875-889.
7. Chai, P. (1986). Field observations and feeding experiments on the responses of rufous-tailed jackamars (Glabula ruficauda) to free-living butterflies in a tropical rain-forest.-Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 29: 161-189.
8. Chai, P. (1996). Butterfly visual characteristics and ontogeny of responses to butterflies by a specialized tropical bird.- Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 59: 37-67.
9. Cott, H.B. (1940). Adaptive colouration in animals. - Methuen and Co. Ltd., London.
10. Cuthill, I.C. (2006). Color perception. - In: Bird colouration, Vol.I: Mechanisms and measurements (Hill, G.E.&McGraw, K.J., eds). Harvard University Press, Cambridge,MA, p. 3-40.
11. Eichenseer, H., Murphy, J.B. & Felton, G.W. (2002). Sequestration of host carotenoids in the larval tissues of Helicoverpa zea.- J. Insect Phys. 48: 311-318.
12. Endler, J.A. & Mappes, J. (2004). Predator mixes and the conspicuousness of aposematic signals.- Am. Nat. 163: 532-547.
13. Evans, D.L. & Waldbauer, G.P. (1982). Behaviour of adult and naive birds when presented with a bumblebee and its mimic.- Z. Tierpsychol. 59: 247-259.
14. Exnerova, A., Landova, E., Stys, P., Fuchs, R., Prokopova, M. & Cehlarikova, P. (2003). Reactions of passerine birds to aposematic and non-aposematic firebugs (Pyrrochoris apterus: Heteroptera). - Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 78: 517-525.
15. Exnerova, A., Stys, P., Fucikova, E., Vesela, S., Svadova, K., Prokopova, M., Jarosik, V., Fuchs, R. & Landova, E. (2007). Avoidance of aposematic prey in European tits (Paridae): learned or innate? - Behav. Ecol. 18: 148-156.
16. Friman, V.-P., Lindstedt, C., Hiltunen, T., Laakso, J. & Mappes, J. (2009). Predation on multiple trophic levels shapes the evolution of pathogen vriulence.-PlosOne 4: e6761.
17. Gamberale-Stille, G. (2001). Benefit by contrast: an experiment with live aposematic prey. -Behav. Ecol. 12: 768-772.
18. Gamberale-Stille, G. & Guilford, T. (2003). Contrast versus colour in aposematic signals.- Anim. Behav. 65: 1021-1026.
19. Geffeney, S., Brodie Jr., E.D., Ruben, P.C. & Brodie III, E.D. (2002). Mechanisms of adaptation in a predator-prey arms race: TTX-resistant sodium channels. - Science 297: 1336-1339.
20. Gelparin, A. (1968). Feeding behaviour of the praying mantis: a learned modification. - Nature 219: 399-400.
21. Gillette, R., Huang, R.-C., Hatcher, N. & Moroz, L. (2000). Cost-benefit analysis potential in feeding behaviour of a predator snail by integration of hunger, taste, and pain. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 3585-3590.
22. Gittleman, J.L. & Harvey, P.H. (1980). Why are distasteful prey not cryptic? - Nature 286: 149-150.
23. Guilford, T. (1986). How do 'warning colours' work? Conspicuousness may reduce recognition errors in experienced predators.- Anim. Behav. 34: 286-288.
24. Ham, A.D., Ihalainen, E., Lindström, L. & Mappes, J. (2006). Does colour matter? The importance of colour in avoidance learning, memorability and generalisation.-Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 60: 482-491.
25. Ham, A.D. & Osorio, D. (2007). Colour preference and colour vision in poultry chicks. - Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. 274: 1941-1948.
26. Hart, N.S., Partridge, J.C., Cuthill, I.C. & Bennett, A.T.D. (2000). Visual pigments, oil droplets, ocular media and cone photoreceptor distribution in two species of passerine: the blue tit (Parus caeruleus L.) and the blackbird (Turdus merula L.).-J. Comp. Physiol. A 186: 375-387.
27. Hileman, J.S., Brodie Jr., E.D. & Formanowicz Jr., D.R. (1995). Avoidance of unpalatable prey by predaceous diving beetle larvae: the role of hunger level and experience (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). - J. Insect Behav. 8: 241-249.
28. Holloway, G.J., Brakefield, P.M., Dejong, P.W., Ottenheim, M.M., Devos, H., Kesbeke, F. & Peynenburg, L. (1995). A quantitative genetic analysis of an aposematic color pattern and its ecological implications. -Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 348: 373-379.
29. Ihalainen, E., Lindström, L. & Mappes, J. (2007). Investigating Müllerian mimicry: predator learning and variation in prey defences. - J. Evol. Biol. 20: 780-791.
30. Jones, C.D. & Osorio, D. (2004). Discrimination of oriented visual textures by poultry chicks. -Vision Res. 44: 83-89.
31. Kauppinen, J. & Mappes, J. (2003). Why are wasps so intimidating: field experiments on hunting dragonflies (Odonata: Aeshna grandis).- Anim. Behav. 66: 505-511.
32. Kokko, H., Mappes, J. & Lindström, L. (2003). Alternative prey can change model-mimic dynamics between parasitism and mutualism.- Ecol. Lett. 6: 1068-1076.
33. Laming, P.R. & Cairns, C. (1998). Effects of food, glucose, and water ingestion on feeding activity in the toad (Bufo bufo). -Behav. Neurosci. 112: 1266-1272.
34. Langham, G.M. (2004). Specialized avian predators repeatedly attack novel color morphs of Heliconius butterflies. - Evolution 58: 2783-2787.
35. Lindstedt, C., Lindström, L. & Mappes, J. (2008). Hairiness and warning colours as components of antipredator defence: additive or interactive benefits? - Anim. Behav. 75: 1703-1713.
36. Lindstedt, C., Lindström, L. & Mappes, J. (2009). Thermoregulation constrains effective warning signal expression.- Evolution 63: 469-478.
37. Lindstedt, C., Reudler Talsma, J.H., Ihalainen, E., Lindström, L. & Mappes, J. (2010). Diet quality affects warning coloration indirectly: excretion ccosts in a generalist herbivore. -Evolution 64: 68-78.
38. Lindström, L., Alatalo, R.V., Mappes, J., Riipi, M. & Vertainen, L. (1999a). Can aposematic signals evolve by gradual change? - Nature 397: 249-251.
39. Lindström, L., Alatalo, R.V. &Mappes, J. (1999b). Reactions of hand-reared and wild-caught predators toward warningly colored, gregarious, and conspicuous prey.-Behav. Ecol. 10: 317-322.
40. Littell, R.C., Stroup,W.W. & Freund, R.J. (2002). SAS for linear models.-SAS Publishing, Cary, NC.
41. Mallet, J. & Joron, M. (1999). Evolution of diversity of warning color and mimicry: polymorphisms, shifting balance, and speciation. -Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 30: 201-233.
42. Mappes, J. & Alatalo, R. (1997). Effects of novelty and gregariousness in survival of aposematic prey.- Behav. Ecol. 8: 174-177.
43. Mappes, J., Marples, N. & Endler, J.A. (2005). The complex business of survival by aposematism.- Trends Ecol. Evol. 20: 598-603.
44. Mastrota, F.N. & Mench, J.A. (1995). Color avoidance in northern bobwhites - effects of age, sex and previous experience. -Anim. Behav. 50: 519-526.
45. Merilaita, S. & Ruxton, G.D. (2007). Aposematic signals and the relationship between conspicuousness and distinctiveness. -J. Theor. Biol. 245: 268-277.
46. van Oers, K., Drent, P.J., de Goede, P. & van Noordwijk, A.J. (2004). Realized heritability and repeatability of risk-taking behaviour in relation to avian personalities. - Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. 271: 65-73.
47. Ojala, K., Lindström, L. & Mappes, J. (2007). Life-history constraints and warning signal expression in an arctiid moth.- Funct. Ecol. 21: 1162-1167.
48. Osorio, D., Jones, C.D. & Vorobyev, M. (1999a). Accurate memory for colour but not pattern contrast in chicks. - Curr. Biol. 9: 199-202.
49. Osorio, D., Miklósi, A. & Gonda, Z. (1999b). Visual ecology and perception of colouration patterns by domestic chicks. -Evol. Ecol. 13: 673-689.
50. Osorio, D. & Vorobyev, M. (2005). Photoreceptor spectral sensitivities in terrestrial animals: adaptations for luminance and colour vision. - Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. 272: 1745-1752.
51. Prudic, K.L., Skemp, A.K. & Papaj, D.R. (2007). Aposematic coloration, luminance contrast, and the benefits of conspicuousness. - Behav. Ecol. 18: 41-46.
52. Rashed, A., Beatty, C.D., Forbes, M.R. & Sherratt, T.N. (2005). Prey selection by dragonflies in relation to prey size and wasp-like colours and patterns. - Anim. Behav. 70: 1195-1202.
53. Riipi, M., Alatalo, R.V., Lindström, L. & Mappes, J. (2001). Multiple benefits of gregariousness cover detectability costs in aposematic aggregations. - Nature 413: 512-514.
54. Roper, T.J. (1990). Responses of domestic chicks to artificially colored insect prey-effects of previous experience and background colour. -Anim. Behav. 39: 466-473.
55. Roper, T.J. & Cook, S.E. (1989). Responses of chicks to brightly colored insect prey. - Behaviour 110: 276-293.
56. Roper, T.J. & Redston, S. (1987). Conspicuousness of distasteful prey affects the strength and durability of one-trial avoidance-learning. -Anim. Behav. 35: 739-747.
57. Rowe, C., Lindström, L. & Lyytinen, A. (2004). The importance of pattern similarity between Müllerian mimics on predator avoidance learning. - Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. 271: 407-413.
58. Rowland, H.M., Ihalainen, E., Lindström, L., Mappes, J. & Speed, M.P. (2007). Co-mimics have a mutualistic relationship despite unequal defences. - Nature 448: 64-67.
59. Ruxton, G.D., Sherratt, T.N. & Speed, M.P. (2004). Avoiding attack. The evolutionary ecology of crypsis, warning signals and mimicry.- Oxford University Press, Oxford.
60. Sandre, S.-L., Tammaru, T. & Mänd, T. (2007). Size-dependent colouration in larvae of Orgyia antiqua (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): a trade-off between warning effect and detectability? - Eur. J. Entomol. 104: 745-752.
61. Schuler,W. & Hesse, E. (1985). On the function of warning colouration-a black and yellow pattern inhibits prey-attack by naive domestic chicks. - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 16: 249-255.
62. Schuler, W. & Roper, T.J. (1992). Responses to warning colouration in avian predators. - Adv. Stud. Behav. 21: 111-126.
63. Sexton, O.J., Hoger, C. & Ortleb, E. (1966). Anolis carolinensis: effects of feeding on reaction to aposematic prey.-Science 153: 1140.
64. Sherratt, T.N. & Beatty, C.D. (2003). The evolution of warning signals as reliable indicators of prey defense. -Am. Nat. 162: 377-389.
65. Siddiqi, A., Cronin, T.W., Loew, E.R., Vorobyev, M. & Summers, K. (2004). Interspecific and intraspecific views of color signals in the strawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio. -J. Exp. Biol. 207: 2471-2485.
66. Sillén-Tullberg, B. (1985). Higher survival of an aposematic than of a cryptic form of a distasteful bug.- Oecologia 67: 411-415.
67. Smith, S.M. (1975). Innate recognition of coral snake pattern by a possible avian predator.- Science 187: 759-760.
68. Stevens, M. (2007). Predator perception and the interrelation between protective colouration. -Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. 274: 1457-1464.
69. Stevens, M., Cantor, A., Graham, J. &Winney, I.S. (2009). The function of animal 'eyespots': conspicuousness but not eye mimicry is key.- Curr. Zool. 55: 319-326.
70. Stevens, M., Hardman, C.J. & Stubbins, C.L. (2008). Conspicuousness, not eye mimicry, makes 'eyespots' effective antipredator signals. - Behav. Ecol. 19: 525-531.
71. Stimson, J. & Berman, M. (1990). Predator induced colour polymorphism in Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Hawaii.-Heredity 65: 401-406.
72. Svadova, K., Exnerova, A., Stys, P., Landova, E., Valenta, J., Fucikova, A. & Socha, R. (2009). Role of different colours of aposematic insects in learning, memory and generalization of naïve bird predators. -Anim. Behav. 77: 327-336.
73. Svensson, L. & Grant, P.J. (1999). Bird guide. -Harper Collins, London.
74. Thomas, R.J., Marples, N.M., Cuthill, I.C., Takahashi, M. & Gibson, E.A. (2003). Dietary conservatism may facilitate the initial evolution of aposematism. - Oikos 101: 458-466.
75. Troje, N.F., Huber, L., Loidolt, M., Aust, U. & Fieder, M. (1999). Categorical learning in pigeons: the role of texture and shape in complex static stimuli. - Vision Res. 39: 353-366.
76. Vorobyev, M. & Osorio, D. (1998). Receptor noise as a determinant of colour thresholds. - Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. 265: 351-358.
77. Vorobyev, M., Osorio, D., Bennett, A.T.D., Marshall, N.J. & Cuthill, I.C. (1998). Tetrachromacy, oil droplets and bird plumage colours.- J. Comp. Physiol. A 183: 621-633.
78. Williamson, C.E. (1980). The predatory behaviour of Mesocyclops edax: predator preferences, prey defenses, and starvation induced changes.-Limn. Oceanogr. 25: 903-909.