Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy deaths in the USA, 1979-2005

Neuroepidemiology

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 178-184

  Yorita Christensen, Krista L ^a   Holman, Robert C ^a   Hammett, Teresa A ^a,b   Belay, Ermias D ^a   Schonberger, Lawrence B ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR EMERGING AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^b CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

AIDS; HIV; Infectious disease; Mortality; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION (SPECIES); HEART ARREST; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; NEWBORN; PNEUMONIA; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; RACE DIFFERENCE; RESPIRATORY ARREST; SCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; UNITED STATES;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; HEART ARREST; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SURVIVAL RATE; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77954867921     PISSN: 02515350     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000311014     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Aström KE, Mancall EL, Richardson EP Jr: Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy: a hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease. Brain 1958; 81: 93-111.
2. Walker DL, Padgett BL: The epidemiology of human polyomaviruses. Prog Clin Biol Res 1983; 105: 99-106.
3. Padgett BL, Walker DL: Prevalence of antibodies in human sera against JC virus, an isolate from a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Infect Dis 1973; 127: 467-470.
4. Brooks BR, Walker DL: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurol Clin 1984; 2: 299-313.
5. Holman RC, Janssen RS, Buehler JW, Zelasky MT, Hooper WC: Epidemiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the United States: analysis of national mortality and AIDS surveillance data. Neurology 1991; 41: 1733-1736.
6. Holman RC, Török TJ, Belay ED, Janssen RS, Schonberger LB: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the United States, 1979-1994: increased mortality associated with HIV infection. Neuroepidemiology 1998; 17: 303-309.
7. Lee LM, Karon JM, Selik R, Neal JJ, Fleming PL: Survival after AIDS diagnosis in adolescents and adults during the treatment era, United States, 1984-1997. JAMA 2001; 285: 1308-1315.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 1997 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group. MMWR Recomm Rep 1997; 46: 1-46.
9. Carpenter CC, Fischl MA, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS, Jacobsen DM, Katzenstein DA, Montaner JS, Richman DD, Sáag MS, Schooley RT, Thompson MA, Vella S, Yeni PG, Volberding PA: Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1996: recommendations of an international panel. International AIDS Society- USA. JAMA 1996; 276: 146-154.
10. Albrecht H, Hoffmann C, Degen O, Stoehr A, Plettenberg A, Mertenskötter T, Eggers C, Stellbrink HJ: Highly active antiretroviral therapy significantly improves the prognosis of patients with HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AIDS 1998; 12: 1149-1154.
11. Clifford DB, Yiannoutsos C, Glicksman M, Simpson DM, Singer EJ, Piliero PJ, Marra CM, Francis GS, McArthur JC, Tyler KL, Tselis AC, Hyslop NE: HAART improves prognosis in HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 1999; 52: 623-625.
12. Tassie JM, Gasnault J, Bentata M, Deloumeaux J, Boué F, Billaud E, Costagliola D: Survival improvement of AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of protease inhibitors. Clinical Epidemiology Group. French Hospital Database on HIV. AIDS 1999; 13: 1881-1887.
13. Miralles P, Berenguer J, Garcia de Viedma D, Padilla B, Cosin J, López-Bernaldo de Quirós JC, Muñoz L, Moreno S, Bouza E: Treatment of AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 1998; 12: 2467-2472.
14. Giudici B, Vaz B, Bossolasco S, Casari S, Brambilla AM, Lüke W, Lazzarin A, Weber T, Cinque P: Highly active antiretroviral therapy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: effects on cerebrospinal fluid markers of JC virus replication and immune response. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 95-99.
15. Wyen C, Hoffmann C, Schmeisser N, Wöhrmann A, Qurishi N, Rockstroh J, Esser S, Rieke A, Ross B, Lorenzen T, Schmitz K, Stenzel W, Salzberger B, Fätkenheuer G: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy: survival and risk factors of death. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 37: 1263-1268.
16. Wyen C, Lehmann C, Fätkenheuer G, Hoffmann C: AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of HAART: report of two cases and review of the literature. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2005; 19: 486-494.
17. Gasnault J, Taoufik Y, Goujard C, Kousignian P, Abbed K, Boué F, Dussaix E, Delfraissy JF: Prolonged survival without neurological improvement in patients with AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy on potent combined antiretroviral therapy. J Neurovirol 1999; 5: 421-429.
18. Berenguer J, Miralles P, Arrizabalaga J, Ribera E, Dronda F, Baraia-Etxaburu J, Domingo P, Márquez M, Rodriguez-Arrondo FJ, Laguna F, Rubio R, Lacruz Rodrigo J, Mallolas J, de Miguel V, GESIDA 11/99 Study Group: Clinical course and prognostic factors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 1047-1052.
19. US Department of Health and Human Services: Vital statistics mortality data, multiple cause detail, 1979-2005: public-use data tape contents and documentation package. Hyattsville, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2009.
20. World Health Organization: Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death, based on recommendations of the ninth revision conference, 1975, ed 9. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1977.
21. World Health Organization: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), ed 10. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992.
22. Documentation for the public-use multiplecause- of-death file on comparability between ICD-9 and ICD-10: a double-coded file based on the 1996 data year multiplecause- of-death file. Hyattsville, National Center for Health Statistics, http://www. nber.org/mortality/9-10/ICD9-ICD10- comparability-file- documentation.pdf (accessed December 4, 2009).
23. Anderson RN, Miniño AM, Hoyert DL, Rosenberg HM: Comparability of cause of death between ICD-9 and ICD-10: preliminary estimates. National Vital Statistics Reports. Hyattsville, National Center for Health Statistics, 2001, vol 49, No 2.
24. National Center for Health Statistics: Estimates of the July 1, 2000, to July 1, 2006, United States resident population from the Vintage 2006 postcensal series by year, county, age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the US Census Bureau. 2006. http:// www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged-race.htm (accessed September 8, 2009).
25. National Center for Health Statistics: Bridged-race intercensal estimates of the July 1, 1990, to July 1, 1999, United States resident population by county, single year of age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, prepared by the US Census Bureau with support from the National Cancer Institute. 2004. http:// www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged-race.htm (accessed September 8, 2009).
26. Klein RJ, Schoenborn CA: Age adjustment using the 2000 projected US population. Healthy People Statistical Notes, No 20. Hyattsville, National Center for Health Statistics, 2001.
27. Kleinbaum D, Kupper L, Muller K, Nizam A: Applied Regression Analysis and Multivariate Methods. Pacific Grove, Duxbury, 1998.
28. Dworkin MS, Wan PC, Hanson DL, Jones JL: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: improved survival of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the protease inhibitor era. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 621-625.
29. Sacktor N, Lyles RH, Skolasky R, Kleeberger C, Selnes OA, Miller EN, Becker JT, Cohen B, McArthur JC, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group: HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990-1998. Neurology 2001; 56: 257-260.
30. Engsig F, Hansen A, Omland L, Kronborg G, Gerstoft J, Laursen A, Pedersen C, Mogensen C, Nielsen L, Obel N: Incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: a nationwide cohort study. J Infect Dis 2009; 199: 77-83.
31. Ammassari A, Cingolani A, Pezzotti P, de Luca DA, Murri R, Giancola ML, Larocca LM, Antinori A: AIDS-related focal brain lesions in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Neurology 2000; 55: 1194-1200.
32. Antinori A, Ammassari A, Giancola ML, Cingolani A, Grisetti S, Murri R, Alba L, Ciancio B, Soldani F, Larussa D, Ippolito G, de Luca A: Epidemiology and prognosis of AIDS-associated progressive leukoencephalopathy in the HAART era. J Neurovirol 2001; 7: 323-328.
33. Ledergerber B, Egger M, Erard V, Weber R, Hirschel B, Furrer H, Battegay M, Vernazza P, Bernasconi E, Opravil M, Kaufmann D, Sudre P, Francioli P, Telenti A: AIDS-related opportunistic illnesses occurring after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. JAMA 1999; 282: 2220-2226.
34. d'Arminio Monforte A, Cinque P, Mocroft A, Goebel FD, Antunes F, Katlama C, Justesen US, Vella S, Kirk O, Lundgren J, Euro- SIDA Study Group: Changing incidence of central nervous system diseases in the Euro- SIDA cohort. Ann Neurol 2004; 55: 320-328.
35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: HIV/AIDS surveillance report. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1996, vol 8, No 2, p 20.
36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: HIV/AIDS surveillance report. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006, vol 18, table 7.
37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: HIV/AIDS among persons aged 50 and older: CDC HIV/AIDS facts. 2008. http://www. cdc.gov/hiv/topics/over50/ resources/ factsheets/pdf/over50.pdf (accessed December 2, 2009).