Transplant coronary artery disease

JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 367-377

  Zimmer, Raymond J ^a   Lee, Michael S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

drug eluting stent; heart transplantation

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CYCLOSPORIN; EVEROLIMUS; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; RAPAMYCIN; STEROID; TACROLIMUS; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; METAL;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ANEMIA; ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; BARE METAL STENT; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DRUG ELUTING STENT; DRUG INHIBITION; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; MOUTH ULCER; NEUTROPENIA; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PERICARDIAL EFFUSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTENOSIS; REVIEW; TRANSPLANT CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; IMMUNOLOGY; INSTRUMENTATION; MORTALITY; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; PROSTHESIS; REOPERATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; STENT; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANGIOPLASTY, TRANSLUMINAL, PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DRUG-ELUTING STENTS; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; METALS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROSTHESIS DESIGN; REOPERATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; STENTS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, INTERVENTIONAL;

EID: 77954665286     PISSN: 19368798     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2010.02.007     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. M. Ross, P. Kouretas, and P. Gamberg Ten- and 20-year survivors of pediatric orthotopic heart transplantation J Heart Lung Transplant 25 2006 261 270
2. D.O. Taylor, L.B. Edwards, and M.M. Boucek Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-second official adult heart transplant report2005 J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 945 955
3. M.R. Costanzo, D.C. Naftel, and M.R. Pritzker Heart transplant coronary artery disease detected by coronary angiography: a multiinstitutional study of preoperative donor and recipient risk factors Cardiac Transplant Research Database J Heart Lung Transplant 17 1998 744 753
4. J.C. Roussel, O. Baron, and C. Prigaud Outcome of heart transplants 15 to 20 years ago: graft survival, post-transplant morbidity, and risk factors for mortality J Heart Lung Transplant 27 2008 486 493
5. B. Syeda, S. Roedler, C. SchGBRro, N. Yahya, A. Zuckermann, and D. Glogar Transplant coronary artery disease: incidence, progression and interventional revascularization Int J Cardiol 104 2005 269 274
6. M. Haddad, P.W. Pflugfelder, and C. Guiraudon Angiographic, pathologic, and clinical relationships in coronary artery disease in cardiac allografts J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 1218 1225
7. J. van Loosdregt, M.F. van Oosterhout, and A.H. Bruggink The chemokine and chemokine receptor profile of infiltrating cells in the wall of arteries with cardiac allograft vasculopathy is indicative of a memory T-helper 1 response Circulation 114 2006 1599 1607
8. M. Tanaka, M. Zwierzchoniewska, and G.K. Mokhtari Progression of alloresponse and tissue-specific immunity during graft coronary artery disease Am J Transplant 5 2005 1286 1296 (Pubitemid 40839416)
9. E.R. Vasilescu, E.K. Ho, and L. de la Torre Anti-HLA antibodies in heart transplantation Transpl Immunol 12 2004 177 183
10. E. Raichlin, J.H. Bae, S.S. Kushwaha, R.J. Lennon, A. Prasad, C.S. Rihal, and A. Lerman Inflammatory burden of cardiac allograft coronary atherosclerotic plaque is associated with early recurrent cellular rejection and predicts a higher risk of vasculopathy progression J Am Coll Cardiol 53 2009 1279 1286
11. M. Rahmani, R.P. Cruz, D.J. Granville, and B.M. McManus Allograft vasculopathy versus atherosclerosis Circ Res 99 2006 801 815
12. M. Weis, and J.P. Cooke Cardiac allograft vasculopathy and dysregulation of the NO synthase pathway, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23 2003 567 575
13. T. Ueland, L. Gullestad, and S. Simonsen Decreased endomyocardial RANKL expression in transplant coronary artery disease Transplantation 81 2006 1467 1470
14. S.M. Wildhirt, C. Schulze, N. Conrad, R. Bauernschmitt, R. Lange, and W. von Scheidt Persistently increased systemic, but not cardiac-specific, adhesion molecule expression and coronary endothelial dysfunction in human cardiac allografts J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 130 2005 1175
15. M. Tanaka, K. Sydow, and F. Gunawan Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase overexpression suppresses graft coronary artery disease Circulation 112 2005 1549 1556 (Pubitemid 41324515)
16. I. El-Hamamsy, L.M. Stevens, P.M. Vanhoutte, and L.P. Perrault Injury of the coronary endothelium at implantation increases endothelial dysfunction and intimal hyperplasia after heart transplantation J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 251 258
17. S. Murata, D.N. Miniati, and M.H. Kon Superoxide dismutase mimetic m40401 reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury and graft coronary artery disease in rodent cardiac allografts Transplantation 78 2004 1166 1171
18. M. Tanaka, G.K. Mokhtari, and R.D. Terry Overexpression of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) suppresses ischemia-reperfusion injury and subsequent development of graft coronary artery disease in murine cardiac grafts Circulation 110 2004 II200 II206
19. S. Uehara, C.M. Chase, and W.H. Kitchens NK cells can trigger allograft vasculopathy: the role of hybrid resistance in solid organ allografts J Immunol 175 2005 3424 3430
20. K.E. Chu, E.K. Ho, L. de la Torre, E.R. Vasilescu, and C.C. Marboe The relationship of nodular endocardial infiltrates (Quilty lesions) to survival, patient age, anti-HLA antibodies, and coronary artery disease following heart transplantation Cardiovasc Pathol 14 2005 219 224
21. L. Ternstrom, A. Jeppsson, A. Ricksten, and F. Nilsson Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphism and cardiac allograft vasculopathy J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 433 438
22. L.C. Borish, and J.W. Steinke 2. Cytokines and chemokines J Allergy Clin Immunol 111 2003 S460 S475
23. A.I. De Souza, R. Wait, A.G. Mitchell, N.R. Banner, M.J. Dunn, and M.L. Rose Heat shock protein 27 is associated with freedom from graft vasculopathy after human cardiac transplantation Circ Res 97 2005 192 198
24. C.G. Densem, I.V. Hutchinson, N. Yonan, and N.H. Brooks Donor and recipient-transforming growth factor-beta 1 polymorphism and cardiac transplant-related coronary artery disease Transpl Immunol 13 2004 211 217
25. H. Li, K. Tanaka, B. Oeser, J.A. Kobashigawa, and J.M. Tobis Vascular remodelling after cardiac transplantation: a 3-year serial intravascular ultrasound study Eur Heart J 27 2006 1671 1677
26. C. Atkinson, M. Southwood, R. Pitman, C. Phillpotts, J. Wallwork, and M. Goddard Angiogenesis occurs within the intimal proliferation that characterizes transplant coronary artery vasculopathy J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 551 558
27. C.T. Holweg, A.H. Balk, and J. Snaathorst Intragraft heme oxygenase-1 and coronary artery disease after heart transplantation Transpl Immunol 13 2004 265 272
28. F.M. Bader, A.G. Kfoury, and E.M. Gilbert Percutaneous coronary interventions with stents in cardiac transplant recipients J Heart Lung Transplant 25 2006 298 301
29. J.H. Bae, C.S. Rihal, and B.S. Edwards Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and serum lipids with plaque regression in cardiac allograft vasculopathy Transplantation 82 2006 1108 1111
30. M. Kock, I. Mlek, B. Janek, M. Zelzko, and J. Pirk Risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease of a grafted heart as detected very early after orthotopic heart transplantation Transpl Int 20 2007 666 674
31. V.K. Topkara, N.C. Dang, and R. John A decade experience of cardiac retransplantation in adult recipients J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 1745 1750
32. A.H. Walker, J.E. Fildes, C.T. Leonard, and N. Yonan The influence of donor age on transplant coronary artery disease and survival post heart transplantation: is it safe to extend donor age? Transplant Proc 36 2004 3139 3141
33. P. Botha, R. Peaston, K. White, J. Forty, J.H. Dark, and G. Parry Smoking after cardiac transplantation Am J Transplant 8 2008 866 871
34. B. Radovancevic, S. Poindexter, and S. Birovljev Risk factors for development of accelerated coronary artery disease in cardiac transplant recipients Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 4 1990 309 312
35. F. Dobbels, S. De Geest, J. van Cleemput, W. Droogne, and J. Vanhaecke Effect of late medication non-compliance on outcome after heart transplantation: a 5-year follow-up J Heart Lung Transplant 23 2004 1245 1251
36. E. Raichlin, B.S. Edwards, and W.K. Kremers Acute cellular rejection and the subsequent development of allograft vasculopathy after cardiac transplantation J Heart Lung Transplant 28 2009 320 327
37. T. Kato, M.C. Chan, and S.Z. Gao Glucose intolerance, as reflected by hemoglobin A1c level, is associated with the incidence and severity of transplant coronary artery disease J Am Coll Cardiol 43 2004 1034 1041
38. H. Bozbas, C. Altin, and A. Yildirir Lipid profiles of patients with a transplanted heart before and after the operation Transplant Proc 40 2008 263 266
39. I. Shirakawa, M. Sata, and A. Saiura Atorvastatin attenuates transplant-associated coronary arteriosclerosis in a murine model of cardiac transplantation Biomed Pharmacother 61 2007 154 159
40. H. Li, K. Tanaka, and H. Anzai Influence of pre-existing donor atherosclerosis on the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy and outcomes in heart transplant recipients J Am Coll Cardiol 47 2006 2470 2476
41. H. Takayama, A.B. Nathens, and H. Merry Is pre-transplant vascular disease a risk factor for mortality and morbidity after heart transplantation? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 31 2007 457 461
42. M.T. Grattan, C.E. Moreno-Cabral, V.A. Starnes, P.E. Oyer, E.B. Stinson, and N.E. Shumway Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with cardiac allograft rejection and atherosclerosis JAMA 261 1989 3561 3566
43. T. Hussain, M. Burch, and M.J. Fenton Positive pretransplantation cytomegalovirus serology is a risk factor for cardiac allograft vasculopathy in children Circulation 115 2007 1798 1805
44. N. Shiba, M.C. Chan, B.W. Kwok, H.A. Valantine, R.C. Robbins, and S.A. Hunt Analysis of survivors more than 10 years after heart transplantation in the cyclosporine era: Stanford experience J Heart Lung Transplant 23 2004 155 164
45. J.F. Price, J.A. Towbin, and W.J. Dreyer Symptom complex is associated with transplant coronary artery disease and sudden death/resuscitated sudden death in pediatric heart transplant recipients J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 1798 1803
46. M. Kass, R. Allan, and H. Haddad Diagnosis of graft coronary artery disease Curr Opin Cardiol 22 2007 139 145
47. C.M. Gibson, S.A. Murphy, M.J. Rizzo Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group Relationship between TIMI frame count and clinical outcomes after thrombolytic administration Circulation 1999 1945 1950
48. N. Baris, I. Sipahi, and S.R. Kapadia Coronary angiography for follow-up of heart transplant recipients: insights from TIMI frame count and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade J Heart Lung Transplant 26 2007 593 597
49. G.S. Mintz, S.E. Nissen, and W.D. Anderson American College of Cardiology clinical expert consensus document on standards for acquisition, measurement and reporting of intravascular ultrasound studies (IVUS): a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents J Am Coll Cardiol 37 2001 1478 1492
50. E.M. Tuzcu, S.R. Kapadia, and R. Sachar Intravascular ultrasound evidence of angiographically silent progression in coronary atherosclerosis predicts long-term morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation J Am Coll Cardiol 45 2005 1538 1542
51. J.A. Kobashigawa, J.M. Tobis, and R.C. Starling Multicenter intravascular ultrasound validation study among heart transplant recipients: outcomes after five years J Am Coll Cardiol 45 2005 1532 1537
52. A. Knig, E. Kilian, and H.Y. Sohn Assessment and characterization of time-related differences in plaque composition by intravascular ultrasound-derived radiofrequency analysis in heart transplant recipients J Heart Lung Transplant 27 2008 302 309
53. N.R. Bogot, R. Durst, D. Shaham, and D. Admon Cardiac CT of the transplanted heart: indications, technique, appearance, and complications Radiographics 27 2007 1297 1309
54. S.A. Gregory, M. Ferencik, and S. Achenbach Comparison of sixty-four-slice multidetector computed tomographic coronary angiography to coronary angiography with intravascular ultrasound for the detection of transplant vasculopathy Am J Cardiol 98 2006 877 884
55. G. Sigurdsson, P. Carrascosa, and M.H. Yamani Detection of transplant coronary artery disease using multidetector computed tomography with adaptative multisegment reconstruction J Am Coll Cardiol 48 2006 772 778
56. T. Schepis, S. Achenbach, and M. Weyand Comparison of dual source computed tomography versus intravascular ultrasound for evaluation of coronary arteries at least one year after cardiac transplantation Am J Cardiol 104 2009 1351 1356
57. S. Iyengar, D.S. Feldman, G.E. Cooke, C.V. Leier, and S.V. Raman Detection of coronary artery disease in orthotopic heart transplant recipients with 64-detector row computed tomography angiography J Heart Lung Transplant 25 2006 1363 1366
58. A. Elhendy, F.B. Sozzi, and R.T. van Domburg Accuracy of dobutamine tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion imaging for the noninvasive diagnosis of transplant coronary artery stenosis J Heart Lung Transplant 19 2000 360 366
59. A.C. Rodrigues, F. Bacal, and C.C. Medeiros Noninvasive detection of coronary allograft vasculopathy by myocardial contrast echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18 2005 116 121
60. A. Hognestad, K. Endresen, and R. Wergeland Plasma C-reactive protein as a marker of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients J Am Coll Cardiol 42 2003 477 482
61. A.I. Fyfe, L.S. Rothenberg, F.C. DeBeer, R.M. Cantor, J.I. Rotter, and A.J. Lusis Association between serum amyloid A proteins and coronary artery disease: evidence from two distinct arteriosclerotic processes Circulation 96 1997 2914 2919
62. A. Hilgendorff, U. Kraemer, and M. Afsharian Value of soluble adhesion molecules and plasma coagulation markers in assessing transplant coronary artery disease in pediatric heart transplant recipients Pediatr Transplant 10 2006 434 440
63. M.R. Mehra, P.A. Uber, S. Potluri, H.O. Ventura, R.L. Scott, and M.H. Park Usefulness of an elevated B-type natriuretic peptide to predict allograft failure, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and survival after heart transplantation Am J Cardiol 94 2004 454 458
64. S.E. Crawford, C. Mavroudis, and C.L. Backer Captopril suppresses post-transplantation angiogenic activity in rat allograft coronary vessels J Heart Lung Transplant 23 2004 666 673
65. T. Yamamoto, M. Sata, D. FGBRuda, and S. Takamoto The angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker valsartan attenuates graft vasculopathy Basic Res Cardiol 100 2005 84 91
66. M. Yousufuddin, D.J. Cook, and R.C. Starling Angiotensin II receptors from peritransplantation through first-year post-transplantation and the risk of transplant coronary artery disease J Am Coll Cardiol 43 2004 1565 1573 (Pubitemid 38561335)
67. J.A. Kobashigawa, S. Katznelson, and H. Laks Effect of pravastatin on outcomes after cardiac transplantation N Engl J Med 333 1995 621 627
68. J.A. Kobashigawa Statins and cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation Semin Vasc Med 4 2004 401 406
69. M.A. Lijkwan, D.T. Cooke, and J.M. Martens Cyclosporine treatment of high dose and long duration reduces the severity of graft coronary artery disease in rodent cardiac allografts J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 439 445
70. H.J. SoGBRiasian, L.S. Czer, and H.M. Wang Inhibition of graft coronary arteriosclerosis after heart transplantation Am Surg 70 2004 833 840
71. A.O. Lungu, Z.G. Jin, H. Yamawaki, T. Tanimoto, C. Wong, and B.C. Berk Cyclosporin A inhibits flow-mediated activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase by altering cholesterol content in caveolae J Biol Chem 279 2004 48794 48800
72. G.K. Oriji, and H.R. Keiser Nitric oxide in cyclosporine A-induced hypertension: role of protein kinase C Am J Hypertens 12 1999 1091 1097
73. T.M. Coffman, D.R. Carr, W.E. Yarger, and P.E. Klotman Evidence that renal prostaglandin and thromboxane production is stimulated in chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity Transplantation 43 1987 282 285
74. R.A. Rosenthal, N.A. ChGBRwuogo, V.H. Ocasio, and K.U. Kahng Cyclosporine inhibits endothelial cell prostacyclin production J Surg Res 46 1989 593 596
75. C. Haug, T. Duell, and R. Voisard Cyclosporine A stimulates endothelin release J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 26 1995 S239 S241
76. Y. Takeda, I. Miyamori, P. Wu, T. Yoneda, K. FurGBRawa, and R. Takeda Effects of an endothelin receptor antagonist in rats with cyclosporine-induced hypertension Hypertension 26 1995 932 936
77. D. Humiston, D. Taylor, and A. Kfoury Mycophenolate mofetil history and introduction into clinical heart transplantation Cardiovascular Engineering 2 1997 198
78. J. Kobashigawa, L. Miller, D. Renlund Mycophenolate Mofetil Investigators A randomized active-controlled trial of mycophenolate mofetil in heart transplant recipients Transplantation 66 1998 507 515
79. J.A. Kobashigawa, J.M. Tobis, and R.M. Mentzer Mycophenolate mofetil reduces intimal thickness by intravascular ultrasound after heart transplant: reanalysis of the multicenter trial Am J Transplant 6 2006 993 997
80. T.S. Ikonen, J.F. Gummert, and N. Serkova Efficacies of sirolimus (rapamycin) and cyclosporine in allograft vascular disease in non-human primates trough levels of sirolimus correlate with inhibition of progression of arterial intimal thickening Transplant Int 13 2000 S314 S320
81. G.J. Murphy, G.R. Bicknell, and M.L. Nicholson Rapamycin inhibits vascular remodeling in an experimental model of allograft vasculopathy and attenuates associated changes in fibrosis-associated gene expression J Heart Lung Transplant 22 2003 533 541
82. M.R. Mehra, and P.A. Uber TOR inhibitors and cardiac allograft vasculopathy is inhibition of intimal thickening an adequate surrogate of benefit? J Heart Lung Transplant 22 2003 501 504
83. A. Keogh, M. Richardson, and P. Ruygrok Sirolimus in de novo heart transplant recipients reduces acute rejection and prevents coronary artery disease at 2 years: a randomized clinical trial Circulation 110 2004 2694 2700
84. N.E. Lobach, S.M. Pollock-Barziv, L.J. West, and A.I. Dipchand Sirolimus immunosuppression in pediatric heart transplant recipients: a single-center experience J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 184 189
85. S. Hafizi, V.N. Mordi, K.M. Andersson, A.H. Chester, and M.H. Yacoub Differential effects of rapamycin, cyclosporine A, and FK506 on human coronary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and signalling Vascul Pharmacol 41 2004 167 176
86. E. Raichlin, J.H. Bae, and Z. Khalpey Conversion to sirolimus as primary immunosuppression attenuates the progression of allograft vasculopathy after cardiac transplantation Circulation 116 2007 2726 2733
87. E. Raichlin, A. Prasad, and W.K. Kremers Sirolimus as primary immunosuppression is associated with improved coronary vasomotor function compared with calcineurin inhibitors in stable cardiac transplant recipients Eur Heart J 30 2009 1356 1363
88. S. Kuppahally, and A. Al-Khaldi Wound healing complications with de novo sirolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil-based regimen in cardiac transplant recipients Am J Transplant 6 2006 986 992
89. K. Tanaka, H. Li, and P.J. Curran Usefulness and safety of percutaneous coronary interventions for cardiac transplant vasculopathy Am J Cardiol 97 2006 1192 1197
90. L. Simpson, E.K. Lee, B.J. Hott, D.J. Vega, and W.M. Book Long-term results of angioplasty vs stenting in cardiac transplant recipients with allograft vasculopathy J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 1211 1217
91. R.L. Benza, G.J. Zoghbi, and J. Tallaj Palliation of allograft vasculopathy with transluminal angioplasty: a decade of experience J Am Coll Cardiol 43 2004 1973 1981
92. E. Wellnhofer, N.E. Hiemann, and J. Hug A decade of percutaneous coronary interventions in cardiac transplant recipients: a monocentric study in 160 patients J Heart Lung Transplant 27 2008 17 25
93. M. Jonas, J.C. Fang, and J.C. Wang In-stent restenosis and remote coronary lesion progression are coupled in cardiac transplant vasculopathy but not in native coronary artery disease J Am Coll Cardiol 48 2006 453 461
94. A. Hognestad, K. Endresen, and R. Wergeland Inflammatory response and re-stenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in heart transplant recipients and patients with native atherosclerosis J Heart Lung Transplant 24 2005 1026 1032
95. M. McKay, S. Pinney, and S. Gorwara Anti-human leGBRocyte antigen antibodies are associated with restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention for cardiac allograft vasculopathy Transplantation 79 2005 1581 1587
96. M.S. Lee, J.A. Kobashigawa, and J.M. Tobis Comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention with bare-metal and drug-eluting stents for cardiac allograft vasculopathy J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 1 2008 710 715
97. M. Zakliczynski, A. Lekston, and M. Osuch Comparison of long-term results of drug-eluting stent and bare metal stent implantation in heart transplant recipients with coronary artery disease Transplant Proc 39 2007 2859 2861
98. J.K. Bhama, D.Q. Nguyen, and S. Scolieri Surgical revascularization for cardiac allograft vasculopathy: Is it still an option? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 137 2009 1488 1492
99. W.T. Mahle, R.N. Vincent, and K.R. Kanter Cardiac retransplantation in childhood: analysis of data from the United Network for Organ Sharing J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 130 2005 542 546