Black liquor gasification integrated in pulp and paper mills: A critical review

Bioresource Technology

Volumn 101, Issue 21, 2010, Pages 8001-8015

  Naqvi, M ^a   Yan, J ^a,b   Dahlquist, E ^b  

^a ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b MÄLARDALEN UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Bio refinery; Black liquor gasification; Pulp and paper mills; Synthesis gas

Indexed keywords

ALKALI REGENERATION; ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES; BILLERUD; BIOREFINERIES; BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION; CRITICAL ISSUES; CRITICAL REVIEW; DIRECT CAUSTICIZATIONS; ENERGY PRODUCTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE GASIFICATION; KNOWLEDGE GAPS; LITERATURE REVIEWS; PILOT SCALE; PULP AND PAPER MILL; PULP AND PAPER MILLS; PULP MILL; RECOVERY BOILERS; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; TOMLINSON; VALUE ADDED;

BIOPULPING; CARBON MONOXIDE; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; GAS GENERATORS; GASIFICATION; HIGH PRESSURE EFFECTS; INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH; PAPERMAKING MACHINERY; PULP; REFINING; SYNTHESIS GAS; TECHNOLOGY;

PAPER AND PULP MILLS;

COMMERCIALIZATION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; LITERATURE REVIEW; PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY; REFINING INDUSTRY;

BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION; CATALYSIS; ENERGY YIELD; GASIFICATION; HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCEDURES; LOW TEMPERATURE; PAPER INDUSTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULP MILL; REVIEW; TECHNOLOGY; ANALYSIS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; GAS; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; PAPER; PROCEDURES;

BIOTECHNOLOGY; GASES; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; PAPER;

BLACK LIQUORS; CARBON MONOXIDE; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY; GAS GENERATORS; GASIFICATION; PAPER MACHINES; PAPER MILLS; PULP MILLS; PULPS; REFINING; TECHNOLOGY; WATER GAS;

GAS; INDUSTRIAL WASTE;

EID: 77954564046     PISSN: 09608524     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.013     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Ådahl A., Harvey S., Berntsson T. Process industry energy retrofits: the importance of emission baselines for greenhouse gas reductions. Energy Policy 2004, 32:1375-1388.
2. Andersson, E., Harvey, S., 2004. Pulp-Mill Integrated Bio-Refineries: A Framework for Assessing Net CO2 Emission Consequences. Proceedings, AIChE 2004 Fall Annual Meeting. Austin, Texas, USA, pp. 203-208.
3. Andersson E., Harvey S. System analysis of hydrogen production from gasified black liquor. Energy 2006, 31(15):3426-3434.
4. Backman R., Salmenoja K. Equilibrium behaviour of sodium sulfur chlorine pressurized black liquor gasification with addition of titanium oxide. Paper and Timber 1994, 76(5):320-325.
5. Berglin N., Eriksson H., Berntsson T. Performance Evaluation of Competing Designs for Efficient Cogeneration from Black Liquor. 2nd Biennial Johan Gullichsen Colloquium 1999, Helsinki, Finland.
6. Berglin N., Lindblom M., Ekbom T. Efficient Production of Methanol from Biomass via Black Liquor Gasification 2002, Tappi Engineering Conference, San Diego, California.
7. Brown C., Landalv I. The Chemrec Black Liquor Recovery Technology - A Status Report 2001, International Chemical Recovery Conference, Whistler, B.C.
8. Calzavara Y., Joussot-Dubien C., Boissonnet G., Sarrade S. Evaluation of biomass gasification in supercritical water process for hydrogen production. Energy Conversion and Management 2005, 46:615-631.
9. CHEMREC gasification technology - turns pulp and paper mills into bio-refineries. (accessed 10.08.2009). http://www.chemrec.se.
10. Closset G. Annex VI: Gasification Technologies for Black Liquor and Biomass, Final report - Technical Summary 2007, Closset Consulting, USA.
11. Consonni, S., Katofsky, R., Larson, E., 2009. A gasification-based bio-refinery for the pulp and paper industry, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, (article in press).
12. Dahlquist, E., 2003. A Combined Physical and Statistical Simulation Model for Black Liquor Gasification, SIMS 2003 Conference in Vasteras.
13. Dahlquist E., Jacobs R. Development of a dry black liquor gasification process. Pulp and Paper Canada 1994, 95:2.
14. Dahlquist E., Jones A. Presentation of a dry black liquor gasification process with direct caustization" Tappi Journal 2005, 15:19.
15. Dahlquist, E., Avelin, A., Yan, J., 2009. Black Liquor Gasification in a CFB Gasifier - System Solutions. The First International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE09), 5-7 January 2009, Hong Kong.
16. Dickinson, J., Verrill, C., Kitto, J., 1998. Development and Evaluation of a Low-Temperature Gasification Process for Chemical recovery from Kraft Black Liquor. International Chemical Recovery Conference.
17. Durai-Swami, K., Mansour, M., and Warren, D., 1991. Pulsed Combustion Process for Black Liquor Gasification. U.S. DOE Report DOE/CE/40893-T: (DE92003672).
18. Eidensten L., Yan J., Svedberg G. Biomass Externally Fired Gas Turbine Cogeneration. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Transactions of ASME 1996, 118:167-174.
19. Ekbom T., Lindblom M., Berglin N., Ahlvik P. Technical and Commercial Feasibility Study of Black Liquor Gasification with Methanol/DME Production as Motor Fuels for Automotive Uses-BLGMF. Report for Contract No. 4.1030/Z/01-087/2001, European Commission, Altener program 2003, Stockholm, Sweden.
20. Eriksson H., Harvey S. Black liquor gasification-consequences for both industry and society. Energy 2004, 29:581-612.
21. Fallavollita J., Avedesian M., Mujumdar A. Kraft black liquor recovery in a fluidized bed. Part I: a review. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 1987, 65:812-817.
22. FAOSTAT, - Forestry, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, January 2008. http://faostat.fao.org/site/630/default.aspx.
23. KAM Final Report, 2003. Eco-cyclic pulp mill - KAM project, Report no. A100. Stockholm, Sweden: STFI. http://www.stfi-packforsk.se.
24. Gebart, R., 2006. The BLG2 Program: BLG - Enabling Technology for Renewable Transportation Fuels. Application for financial support to MISTRA.
25. Gebart R., Whitty K., Closset G., Gorog P., Keiser J., Mueller C., Tegman R., van Heiningen A., Warnqvist B. IEA Industrial and Energy-Related Technologies and Systems Implementing Agreement Annex XI: BLG-Activities and Accomplishments 2001-2006 2007, ÅF Conference on Chemical Pulping and Biorefineries, Stockholm.
26. Grace, T., 1987. Chemical Recovery Technology - A Review. IPC Technical Paper series No. 247.
27. Grace, T., Timmer, W., 1995. A Comparison of Alternative Black Liquor Technologies. International Chemical Recovery Conference.
28. Hakanen A., Teder A. Modified kraft cooking with polysulfide: yield, viscosity, and physical properties. Tappi Journal 1997, 80(7):189-196.
29. Harvey S., Facchini B. Predicting black liquor gasification combined cycle powerhouse performance accounting for off-design gas turbine operation. Applied Thermal Engineering 2004, 24:111-126.
30. Headrick, W., Karakus, M., Laing, X., 2005. Refractory for Black Liquor Gasifiers. DOE number: DE-FC26-02NT41491, University of Missouri-Rolla.
31. Holmberg J., Gustavsson L. Chemical mechanical Biomass use in chemical and mechanical pulping with biomass-based energy supply. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2007, 52:331-350.
32. Jaako Pöyry Group Annual Report 1999. http://www.poyry.com/linked/investors/englanti_99.pdf.
33. 2 emission and oil use reduction through black liquor gasification and energy efficiency in pulp and paper industry. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2008, 52:747-763.
34. Jonsson M., Yan J. Humidified gas turbine - a review of proposed and implemented cycles. Energy 2005, 30:1013-1078.
35. Kulkarni A., Mathur R., Naithani S. Direct Alkali Regeneration System (DARS) in Small Pulp Mills 2007, Pant Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute Dehra Dun, India.
36. Larson E., Consonni S., Kreutz T. Preliminary economics of black liquor gasifier/gas turbine cogeneration at pulp and paper mills. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 2000, 122(3):255-261.
37. Larson, E., Consonni, S., Katofsky, R., 2003. A Cost-Benefit Assessment of Biomass Gasification Power Generation in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Final Report. Princeton University and Politecnico di Milano.
38. Larson, E., Consonni, S., Katofsky, R., 2006. A Cost-Benefit Assessment of Gasification-Based Biorefining in the Kraft Pulp and Paper Industry. Final Report, vol. 1. Princeton University and Politecnico di Milano.
39. Larsson A., Nordin A., Backman R., Warnqvist B., Eriksson G. Influence of black liquor variability, combustion, and gasification process variables and inaccuracies in thermochemical data on equilibrium modeling results. Energy & Fuels 2006, 20:359-363.
40. Liang X., Headrick W., Dharani L., Zhao S. Modeling of failure in a high temperature black liquor gasifier refractory lining. Engineering Failure Analysis 2007, 14:1233-1244.
41. Lindblom, M., 2007. Gasification of Black Liquor and Sulfur Cycle in the Paper Industry. TOPSOE Catalysis Forum 2007, August 23-24, Denmark.
42. Mansour, M., Swami, K., Warren, D., 1997. Endothermic spent liquor recovery process. U.S. Patent No. 5192.
43. Mao B., Hartler N. Improved modified kraft cooking Part 4. Modified cooking with improved sulfide and lignin profiles. Paperi ja Puu/Paper and Timber 1995, 77(6-7):419-422.
44. Marklund M., Tegman R., Gebart R. CFD modelling of BLG: identification of important model parameters. Fuel 2007, 86:1918-1926. (ISSN 0016-2361).
45. Maunsbach K., Isaksson A., Yan J., Svedberg G., Eidensten L. Integration of advanced gas turbines in pulp and paper mills for increased power generation. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Transactions of ASME 2001, 123(4):734-741.
46. 2 emission quota. World Resource Review 2001, 13(4):509-525.
47. 2-reduction in the Swedish pulp and paper sector. Energy 2003, 28:691-710.
48. 2 capture and storage. Biomass and Bioenergy 2003, 25(3):273-285.
49. 2 capture and storage from renewable biomass in pulp and paper mills. Renewable Energy 2004, 29:1583-1598.
50. 2 capture in pulp and paper mills. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2006, 11:1129-1150.
51. 4 production from black liquor gasification in pulp mills. Bioresource Technology 2010, 101:937-944.
52. Näsholm A., Westermark M. Energy studies of different cogeneration systems for black liquor gasification. Energy Conversion Management: 1997, 15(38):1655-1663.
53. Nohlgren I. Non-conventional caustization technologies: a review. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 2004, 19(4):467-477.
54. Nohlgren I., Sinquefield S. Black liquor gasification with direct causticization using titanates: equilibrium calculations. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2004, 43(19):5996-6000.
55. Patrick, K., Siedel, B., 2003. Gasification Edges Closer to Commercial reality with Three New N.A mills Startups. Paper age: October 2003.
56. Peascoe R., Keiser J., Hubbard C., Brady M., Gorog J. Performance of selected materials in molten alkali salts. International Symposium on Corrosion in the Pulp & Paper Industry 2001, 189:200.
57. Peterson A., Maurice H., Waldner M.H., Vogel F., Jefferson W. Fuels from biomass: Use of Neutron Radiography to Improve the Design of a Salt Separator in Supercritical-Water Biomass Gasification 2005, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
58. Råberg, M., 2005. High Temperature Studies on the Na2CO3-Na2S and Na2SO4-Na2S Systems With Relevance to Black Liquor Gasification. Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry, Ph Lic Thesis, Umeå University.
59. Richards T., Nohlgren I., Warnqvist B., Theliander H. Mass and energy balances for a conventional recovery cycle and for a cycle using borate or titanates. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 2002, 17(3):213-222.
60. Richards T., Wintoko J., Heyne S. Kinetics and Swelling of Black Liquor Droplets during Pyrolysis, 14th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition 2005, Paris, France.
61. Rockvam L. Black Liquor Steam Reforming and Recovery Commercialization 2001, International chemical recovery conference, Whistler, Canada.
62. Salmenoja, K., Janka, K., Kymalainen, M., Hyoty, P., 1993. Development of Black Liquor Gasification, In: Proceedings of Tappi 1993, Engineering Conference (Atlanta), pp. 969-975.
63. Savage P., Martino C., Brock E. Reactions at supercritical conditions, application and fundamentals. AlChE Journal 1995, 41(7):1723-1778.
64. Sinquefield, S., 2005. In Situ Causticizing for Black Liquor Gasification. Phase 2 Tropical Report, February 1, 2004-October 31, 2005.
65. Sricharoenchaikul V. Assessment of black liquor gasification in supercritical water. Bioresource Technology 2009, 100:638-643.
66. Stigsson, L., 1998. Chemrec Black Liquor Gasification. Proceedings, International Chemical Recovery Conference, Tampa, Florida, pp. 663-674.
67. Suresh, P., 2002. Biomass Gasification for Hydrogen Production - Process Description and RESEARCH Needs. IEA Thermal Gasification Task Leader Gas Technology Institute, IL 60018-1804, USA.
68. Swedish forest agency, Forestry statistics. Jönköping, Sweden 2008. (accessed 15.12.2008). http://www.svo.se.
69. Taber W. Refectories for gasification. Refectories Applications and News 2003, 8(4):18-22.
70. Tam, P., Mazzi, E., Cheng, K., Edwards, W., 1999. Forest Sector Table: Assessment of Gasification Technologies and Prospects for their Commercial Application. Prepared for: Forest Sector Table, National Climate Change Process. Levelton Engineering, Richmond, B.C. http://www.nccp.ca/NCCP/pdf/Gasification_Study.pdf.
71. Thuijl, E., Roos, C., Beurskens, L., 2003. An Overview of Biofuel Technologies, Markets and Policies in Europe. ECN-C--03-008.
72. U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2009. Independent statistics and analysis. Department of energy, United States. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/world.html.
73. Van Heiningen A. Review of Kinetics of Gasification of Black Liquor 2004, Conference proceedings Chemical recovery conf in Charleston, SC.
74. Vogel F., DiNaro J., Marrone P., Rice S., Peters W., Smith K., Tester J. Critical review of kinetic data for the oxidation of methanol in supercritical water. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 2005, 34:249-286.
75. Waldner M., Vogel F. Renewable Production of Methane from Woody Biomass by Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2005, 44(13):4543-4551.
76. Warnqvist B., Delin L., Theliander H., Nohlgren I. Techno-Economical Evaluation of Black Liquor Gasification Processes 2001, Int. Chem. Recov. Conf, Whistler, BC, Canada.
77. Whitty K. Black Liquor Gasification: Development and Commercialization Update 2005, ACERC Annual Conference, Provo Utah.
78. Whitty K., Verill C. A Historical Look at the Development of Alternative Black Liquor Recovery Technologies and the Evolution of Black Liquor Gasifier Designs. International Chemical Recovery Conference 2004, Charleston, SC, USA.
79. Williams P., Onwudili J. Subcritical and supercritical water gasification of cellulose, starch, glucose, and biomass waste. Energy & Fuels 2006, 20:1259-1265.
80. Wolf J., Barone F., Yan J. Performance analysis of evaporative biomass air turbine cycle with gasification for topping combustion. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Transactions of ASME 2002, 124(4):757-761.
81. Yan J., Eidensten L. Status and perspective of externally fired gas turbines. Journal of Propulsion and Power 2000, 16:572-576.
82. Yan, J., Eidensten, L., Svedberg, G., 1995. An Investigation of Heat Recovery System in Externally Fired Evaporative Gas Turbines, ASME Paper 95-GT-72.
83. 2 Mitigation Technologies. The 3rd International Green Energy Conference 2007, Västerås, Sweden.
84. Zeng, L., van Heiningen, A., In: Proceedings of 82nd Annual Conference, Tech. Sect., CPPA, Montreal, 1996, A259.
85. Zou X., Avedisian M., van Heiningen A. Kinetics of the Direct Causticization Reaction Between Sodium Carbonate and Titanium Dioxide 1992, AIChE Forest Products Symposium Series, AIChE, New York.