Attitudes and the environment as determinants of active travel in adults: What do and don't we know?

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 551-561

  Panter, Jenna Rachel ^a   Jones, Andy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Active commuting; Cycling; Physical activity; Psychology; Walking

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CYCLING; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; EXERCISE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; PSYCHOLOGY; TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT; WALKING;

ADULT; BICYCLING; ENVIRONMENT DESIGN; EXERCISE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; TRANSPORTATION; WALKING;

EID: 77954409263     PISSN: 15433080     EISSN: 15435476     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/jpah.7.4.551     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Commission of the European Communities. A white paper on a strategy for Europe on nutrition, overweight and obesity related health issues; 2007.
2. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report to the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Author; 1996.
3. Fox KR, Boutcher SH, Faulkner GE, Biddle S. The case for exercise in the promotion of mental health and psychological well-being. In: Biddle S, Fox KR, Boutcher SH, eds. Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being. London: Routledge; 2000.
4. Vuori IM. Dose-response of physical activity and low back pain, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001;33(suppl 6): S551's586.
5. Wing RR, Hill JO. Successful weight loss maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001;21:323-341.
6. Siegel PZ, Brackbill RM, Heath GW. The epidemiology of walking for exercise: implications for promoting activity among sedentary groups. Am J Public Health. 1995;85(5):06-710.
7. Appleyard D. Livable Streets. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 1982.
8. Transportation Research Board. Does the Built Environment Infuence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence. Washington, D.C: TRB; 2005.
9. Cole R, Leslie E, Bauman A, Donald M, Owen N. Sociodemographic variations in walking for transport and for recreation or exercise among Australian adults. J Phys Act Health. 2006;3:164-178.
10. Lee MC, Orenstein MR, Richardson MJ. Systematic review of active commuting to school and children's physical activity and weight. J Phys Act Health. 2008;5(6):930-949.
11. Sisson SB, Tudor-Locke C. Comparison of cyclists' and motorists' utilitarian physical activity at an urban university. Prev Med. 2008;46(1):77-79.
12. Commission of the European Communities. Green Paper. Towards a new culture for urban mobility. 2007.
13. Department for Transport. Road Transport Forecasts for England 2007: Results from the Department for Transport's National Transport Model; 2007.
14. Pucher J, Dijkstra L. Making walking and cycling safer: lessons from Europe. Transp Q. 2000;54(3):25-50.
15. Pickrell D, Schimek P. Growth in motor vehicle ownership and use: evidence from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey. J Transp Stat. 1999;2(1):1-17.
16. Department of Transport. Transport Trends, 2007 Edition. The Stationery Offce; 2007.
17. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1991;50:179-211.
18. Bandura A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1986.
19. Besser LM, Dannenberg AL. Walking to public transit: steps to help meet physical activity recommendations. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29(4):273-280.
20. Eves F, Hoppé R, McLaren L. Prediction of specifc types of physical activity with the Theory of Planned Behavior. J Appl Biobehav Res. 2003;8:77-95, 21. (Pubitemid 38882190)
21. Badland HM, Schofeld GM, Garrett N. Travel behavior and objectively measured urban design variables: associations for adults traveling to work. Health Place. 2008;14(1):85-95. (Pubitemid 47600665)
22. Craig C, Brownson R, Cragg S, Dunn A. Exploring the effect of the environment on physical activity: a study examining walking to work. Am J Prev Med. 2002;23(2S):36-43. (Pubitemid 34831671)
23. de Geus B, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Jannes C, Meeusen R. Psychosocial and environmental factors associated with cycling for transport among a working population. Health Educ Res. 2008;23(4):697-708. (Pubitemid 351989711)
24. Gauvin L, Richard L, Craig CL, et al. From walkability to active living potential: an "ecometric" validation study. Am J Prev Med. 2005;28(2, Supplement 2):126-133. (Pubitemid 40203435)
25. Frank L, Sallis JF, Conway T, Chapman J, Saelens B, Bachman W. Many pathways from land use to health. J Am Plann Assoc. 2006;72(1):75-87.
26. Biddle S, Mutrie N. Psychology of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-Being And Interventions. 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge; 2008.
27. Courneya KS. Antecedent correlates and theories of exercise behavior. In: T. M, Summers J, editors. Sport Psychology: Theory, Applications and Issues. 2nd ed. Milton, Queensland: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.; 2004. p. 492-512.
28. Attitude versus general habit: antecedents of travel mode choice. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1994;24(4):285-300. (Pubitemid 24799669)
29. Biddle SJH, Nigg CR. Theories of exercise behavior. Int J Sport Psychol. 2000;31:290-304.
30. Triandis HC. Interpersonal Behavior. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole; 1977.
31. Schwartz SH. Normative influence on altruism. In: Berkowitz L, ed. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press; 1977:221-279.
32. Bagozzi RP, Warshaw PR. Trying to consume. J Consum Res. 1990;17:127-140.
33. Brehm SS, Kassin SM. Social Psychology. 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Miffin Company; 1996.
34. Titze S, Stronegger WJ, Janschitz S, Oja P. Environmental, social and personal correlates of cycling for transportation in a student population. J Phys Act Health. 2007;4:66-79.
35. Handy S, Cao X, Mokhtarian P. Self'selection in the relationship between the built environment and walking. J Am Plann Assoc. 2006;72(1):55-74.
36. Ball K, Timperio A, Salmon J, Giles-Corti B, Roberts R, Crawford D. Personal, social and environmental determinants of educational inequalities in walking: a multilevel study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61:108-114. (Pubitemid 46174216)
37. Titze S, Stronegger WJ, Janschnitz S, Oja P. Association of built-environment, social-environment and personal factors with bicycling as a mode of transportation among Austrian city dwellers. Prev Med. 2008;47(3):252-259.
38. Ajzen I, Madden TJ. Prediction of goal-directed behavior: attitudes, intentions and perceived behavior control. J Exp Soc Psychol. 1986;22:453-474.
39. de Bourdeaudhuij I, Teixeira P, Cardon G, Deforche B. Environmental and psychosocial correlates of physical activity in Portuguese and Belgian adults. Public Health Nutr. 2005;8(7):805-807. (Pubitemid 41719155)
40. Godin G, Kok G. The Theory of Planned Behavior: a review of its applications to health related behaviors. Am J Health Promot. 1996;11(2):87-98. (Pubitemid 26391291)
41. Troped P, Saunders R, Pate R, Reininger B, Addy C. Correlates of recreational and transportation physical activity among adults in a New England community. Prev Med. 2003;37(1):304-310. (Pubitemid 37162681)
42. Bamberg S, Schmidt P. Incentives, morality or habit? Predicting students car use for university routes with models of Ajzen, Schwartz and Triandis. Environ Behav. 2003;35(2):264-285. (Pubitemid 36257836)
43. Verplanken B, Aarts H, Knippenberg V. Habit, information acquisition and the process of making travel mode choices. Eur J Soc Psychol. 1997;27:539-560. (Pubitemid 127135169)
44. Forward S. The prediction of travel behaviour using the theory of planned behaviour. In: Rothengatter T, Huguenin RD, editors. International Conference of Traffc and Transport Psychology: Elsevier; 2004. p. 418-492.
45. de Bruijn G-J, Kremers SPJ, Singh A, van den Putte B, van Mechelen W. Adult active transportation: adding habit strength to the Theory of Planned Behavior. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36(3):189-194.
46. Lee C, Moudon AV. Correlates of walking for transportation or recreation purposes. J Phys Act Health. 2006;3(1):77-98.
47. Whitmarsh LE. Behavioural responses to climate change: asymmetry of intentions and impacts. J Environ Psychol. 2009;29(1):13-23.
48. Coogan M, Karash K, Adler T, Sallis J. The role of personal values, urban form and auto availability in the analysis of walking for transportation. Am J Health Promot. 2007;21(4):363-370. (Pubitemid 46411274)
49. Harland P, Staats H, Wilke HAM. Explaining proenvironmental intention and behavior by personal norms and the theory of planned behavior. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1999;29(12):2505-2528.
50. Heath G, Brownson RC, Kruger J, Miles R, Powell KE, Ramsey L. The effectiveness of urban design and land use and transport policies and practices to increase physical activity: A systematic review. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 2006;3(s):55-76.
51. Sallis J, Owen N. Ecological models. In: Glanz K, Lewis FM, Rimer BK, eds. Health Behaviour and Health Education. Theory, Research and Practice. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1996:403-424.
52. Pikora T, Giles-Corti B, Bull F, Jamrozik K, Donovan R. Developing a framework for assessment of the environmental determinants of walking and cycling. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(8):1693-1703. (Pubitemid 36299234)
53. Cerin E, Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Frank LD. Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale: validity and development of a short form. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:1682-1691. (Pubitemid 44373789)
54. Giles-Corti B, Donovan RJ. Socioeconomic status differences in recreational physical activity levels and real and perceived access to a supportive physical environment. Prev Med. 2002;35(6):601-611. (Pubitemid 35461809)
55. Hoehner C, Brennan Ramirez L, Elliott M, Handy S, Brownson R. Perceived and Objective Environmental Measures and Physical Activity Among Urban Adults. Am J Prev Med. 2005;28:105-116. (Pubitemid 40203433)
56. Rodriguez DA, Aytur S, Forsythe A, Oaskes M, Clifton K. Relation of modifable neighborhood attributes to walking. Prev Med. 2008;47(3):260-264.
57. Rodriguez DA, Joo J. The relationship between non-motorized mode choice and the local physical environment. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ. 2004;9(2):151-173. (Pubitemid 38013280)
58. Suminski RR, Poston WSC, Petosa RL, Stevens E, Katzenmoyer LM. Features of the neighborhood environment and walking by U.S. adults. Am J Prev Med. 2005;28(2):149-155. (Pubitemid 40254265)
59. Troped PJ, Saunders R, Pate R, Reininger B, Ureda JR, Thompson SJ. Associations between self-reported and objective physical environmental factors and use of a community rail-trail. Prev Med. 2001;32(2):191-200. (Pubitemid 34136709)
60. Nelson AC, Allen D. If you build them, commuters will use them: association between bicycle facilities and bicycle commuting. Transp Res Rec. 1997;1578:79-83. (Pubitemid 127550656)
61. Dill, J., Carr, T. Bicycle commuting and facilities in major U.S. cities: if you build them, commuters will use them. Transp Res Rec. 2003;1828:116-123.
62. Saelens BE, Handy SL. Built environment correlates of walking: a review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(7):550-566.
63. Boer R, Zheng Y, Overton A, Ridgeway GK, Cohen D. Neighborhood design and walking trips in ten U.S. metropolitan areas. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32(4):298-304. (Pubitemid 46441736)
64. Li F, Harmer PA, Cardinal BJ, et al. Built environment, adiposity, and physical activity in adults aged 50-75. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35(1):38-46. (Pubitemid 351778335)
65. Cleland VJ, Timperio A, Crawford D. Are perceptions of the physical and social environment associated with mothers' walking for leisure and for transport? A longitudinal study. Prev Med. 2008;47(2):188-193.
66. Ogilvie, D., Mitchell, R., Mutrie, N., Petticrew, M., Platt, S. Personal and environmental correlates of active travel and physical activity. International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2008;5:43.
67. Humpel N, Owen N, Iverson D, Leslie E, Bauman A. Perceived environment attributes, residential location and walking for particular purposes. Am J Prev Med. 2004;26(2):119-124. (Pubitemid 38112219)
68. Tilt J, Unfried T, Roca B. Using objective and subjective measures of neighbourhood greenness and accessible destinations for understanding walking trips and BMI in Seattle, Washington. Am J Health Promot. 2007;21(S4):371-379. (Pubitemid 46411275)
69. van Lenthe FJ, Brug J, Mackenbach JP. Neighbourhood inequalities in physical inactivity: the role of neighbourhood attractiveness, proximity to local facilities and safety in the Netherlands. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(4):763-775. (Pubitemid 39574773)
70. Cerin E, Leslie E, Toit LD, Owen N, Frank LD. Destinations that matter: associations with walking for transport. Health Place. 2007;13(3):713-724. (Pubitemid 46498808)
71. Krizek K, Johnson P. Proximity to trails and retail: effects on urban cycling and walking. J Am Plann Assoc. 2006;72(1):33-42.
72. McCormack GR, Giles-Corti B, Bulsara M. The relationship between destination proximity, destination mix and physical activity behaviors. Prev Med. 2008;46:33-40.
73. Plaut PO. Non-motorized commuting in the US. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ. 2005;10(5):347-356.
74. Wendel-Vos WGC, Schuit AJ, de Niet R, Bossuizen HC. Factors of the physical environment associated with walking and bicycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(4):725-730. (Pubitemid 38452046)
75. Zlot AI, Schmidt TL. Relationships among community characteristics and walking and bicycling for transportation and recreation. Am J Health Promot. 2005;19:314-317.
76. Taylor LM, Leslie E, Plotnikoff RC, Owen N, Spence JC. Associations of perceived community environmental attributes with walking in a population-based sample of adults with type 2 diabetes. Ann Behav Med. 2008;35(2):170-178.
77. Soltani A, Primerano F, Allan A, Somenahalli S. Design for movement: linking non-work travel and activity level to local urban design dimensions. URBAN DESIGN Int. 2006;11:173-186. (Pubitemid 46604899)
78. Sallis J, Frank LD, Saelens BE, Kraft MK. Active transportation and physical activity: opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research. Transportation Research Part A. 2004;38:249-268. (Pubitemid 38356041)
79. Cao X, Handy S, Mokhtarian P. The infuences of the built environment and residential self'selection on pedestrian behavior: evidence from Austin, TX. Transportation. 2006;33:1-20. (Pubitemid 43118692)
80. Schwanen T, Mokhtarian P. What if you live in the wrong neighbourhood? The impact of residential neighbourhood type dissonance on distance travelled. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ. 2005;10:127-151. (Pubitemid 40234115)
81. Frank LD, Saelens BE, Powell KE, Chapman JE. Stepping towards causation: do built environments or neighborhood and travel preferences explain physical activity, driving, and obesity? Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(9):1898-1914.
82. Owen N, Cerin E, Leslie E, et al. Neighborhood walkability and the walking behavior of Australian adults. Am J Prev Med. 2007;33(5):387-395. (Pubitemid 47575814)
83. Giles-Corti B, Knuiman M, Timperio A, et al. Evaluation of the implementation of a state government community design policy aimed at increasing local walking: design issues and baseline results from RESIDE, Perth, Western Australia. Prev Med. 2008;46(1):46-54.
84. Corti B. The Relative Infuence of, and Interaction Between, Environmental and Individual Determinants of Recreational Physical Activity in Sedentary Workers and Home Makers. 2008, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Public Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth.
85. Verplanken B, Orbell S. Refections of past behaviour: a self-report index of habit strength. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2003;33:1313-1330. (Pubitemid 37306730)
86. Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51:1173-1182.
87. Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Dzewaltowski DA, Owen N. Toward a better understanding of the infuences on physical activity: The role of determinants, correlates, causal variables, mediators, moderators, and confounders. Am J Prev Med. 2002;23(2, Supplement 1):5-14. (Pubitemid 34831668)
88. Rhodes RE, Brown SG, McIntyre CA. Integrating the perceived neighborhood environment and the theory of planned behavior when predicting walking in a Canadian adult sample. Am J Health Promot. 2006;21(2):]110-118.
89. Giles-Corti B, Timperio A, Bull F, Pikora T. Understanding physical activity environmental correlates: increased specifcity for ecological models. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2005;33:175-181. (Pubitemid 41513201)
90. Crane R. On form versus function: will the new urbanism reduce traffc, or increase it? J Plann Educ Res. 1996;15:117-126. (Pubitemid 27071386)
91. McGuckin N, Zmud J, Nakamoto Y. Trip-chaining trends in the United States: Understanding travel behavior for policy making. Transp Res Rec. 2005;1917:199-204.