The validity and reliability of the german version of the somatoform dissociation questionnaire (SDQ-20)

Journal of Trauma and Dissociation

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 337-357

  Mueller Pfeiffer, Christoph ^a,b   Schumacher, Sonja ^a   Martin Soelch, Chantal ^a   Pazhenkottil, Aju P ^a   Wirtz, Gustav ^c   Fuhrhans, Christoph ^d   Hindermann, Esther ^e   Assaloni, Herbert ^f   Briner, David P ^g   Rufer, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b Center of Education and Research   (Switzerland)

^c Schloss Werneck   (Germany)

^d Clienia Littenheid ^*  (Switzerland)

^e Klinik Barmelweid   (Switzerland)

^f Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur   (Switzerland)

^g Psychiatric Psychological Service   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Dissociative disorders; Psychometrics; Self assessment; Somatoform disorders

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHECKLIST; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISSOCIATION; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HOSPITAL; OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT; PERSONALITY DISORDER; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; SELF CONCEPT; SELF REPORT; SOMATOFORM DISORDER; SOMATOFORM DISSOCIATION QUESTIONNAIRE; STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDITY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHILD ABUSE; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SOMATOFORM DISORDERS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; SWITZERLAND; TRANSLATING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77954250587     PISSN: 15299732     EISSN: 15299740     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15299731003793450     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Akyuz, G., Dogan, O., Sar, V., Yargic, L. I., & Tutkun, H. (1999). Frequency of dissociative identity disorder in the general population in Turkey. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 40(2), 151-159.
2. Amaral do Espirito Santo, H. M., & Pio-Abreu, J. L. (2007). Dissociative disorders and other psychopathological groups: Exploring the differences through the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20). Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 29(4), 354-358.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
4. Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. A. (1998). CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. A retrospective self-report. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
5. Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 169-190.
6. Bernstein, E. M., & Putnam, F. W. (1986). Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 727-735.
7. Briere, J. (2006). Dissociative symptoms and trauma exposure: Specificity, affect dysregulation, and posttraumatic stress. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 78-82.
8. Carlson, E. B., & Putnam, F. W. (1993). An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 6(1), 16-27.
9. Carlson, E. B., Putnam, F. W., Ross, C. A., Torem, M., Coons, P., Dill, D. L., Braun, B. G. (1993). Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for multiple personality disorder: A multicenter study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1030-1036.
10. Carlson, V., Cicchetti, D., Barnett, D., & Braunwald, K. (1989). Disorganized/disoriented attachment relationships in maltreated infants. Developmental Psychology, 25, 525-531.
11. Cattell, R. B. (1978). Scientific use of factor analysis in behavioral and life sciences. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
12. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334.
13. Dell, P. F. (2002). Dissociative phenomenology of dissociative identity disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 10-15.
14. Draijer, N., & Boon, S. (1993). The validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale against the criterion of the SCID-D, using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Dissociation, 6(1), 28-37.
15. Draijer, N., & Langeland, W. (1999). Childhood trauma and perceived parental dysfunction in the etiology of dissociative symptoms in psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 379-385.
16. El-Hage, W., Darves-Bornoz, J.-M., Allilaire, J.-F., & Gaillard, P. (2002). Posttraumatic somatoform dissociation in French psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 3(3), 59-74.
17. Espirito-Santo, H., & Pio-Abreu, J. L. (2009). Psychiatric symptoms and dissociation in conversion, somatization and dissociative disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(3), 270-276.
18. Foa, E. B., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L., & Perry, K. (1997). The validation of a selfreport measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychological Assessment, 9, 445-451.
19. Foote, B., Smolin, Y., Kaplan, M., Legatt, M. E., & Lipschitz, D. (2006). Prevalence of dissociative disorders in psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 623-629.
20. Freyberger, H. J. (1999). Fragebogen zu Dissoziativen Symptomen (FDS): ein Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren zur syndromalen Diagnostik dissoziativer Phänomene; deutsche Adaption der Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) von E. Bernstein-Carlson u. F.W. Putnam/Harald J. Freyberger, Carsten Spitzer und Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz [Questionnaire on dissociative symptoms (FDS): A Self-rating scale for the diagnosis of dissociative experiences; German adaptation of the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) of E. Bernstein-Carlsonu. F. W. Putnam/Harald J. Freyberger, Carsten Spitzer and Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz]. Bern, Switzerland: Huber.
21. Freyberger, H. J., Spitzer, C., Stieglitz, R. D., Kuhn, G., Magdeburg, N., & BernsteinCarlson, E. (1998). Questionnaire on dissociative symptoms: German adaptation, reliability and validity of the American Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 48(6), 223-229.
22. Gast, U., Oswald, T., & Zundorf, F. (2000). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D). German version. Gottingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
23. Gast, U., Rodewald, F., Nickel, V., & Emrich, H. M. (2001). Prevalence of dissociative disorders among psychiatric inpatients in a German university clinic. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 249-257.
24. Griesel, D., Wessa, M., & Flor, H. (2006). Psychometric qualities of the German version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PTDS). Psychological Assessment, 18(3), 262-268.
25. Janca, A., Ustun, T. B., Early, T. S., & Sartorius, N. (1993). The ICD-10 symptom checklist: A companion to the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 28(5), 239-242.
26. Janca, A., Ustun, T. B., van Drimmelen, J., Dittmann, V., & Isaac, M. (1994). ICD-10 Symptom Checklist for Mental Disorders, Version 1.1. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, Division of Mental Health.
27. Maaranen, P., Tanskanen, A., Haatainen, K., Honkalampi, K., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Hintikka, J., & Viinamaki, H. (2005). The relationship between psychological and somatoform dissociation in the general population. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193, 690-692.
28. Maaranen, P., Tanskanen, A., Hintikka, J., Honkalampi, K., Haatainen, K., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., & Viinamäki, H. (2008). The course of dissociation in the general population: A 3-year follow-up study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(3), 269-274.
29. Mueller, C., Moergeli, H., Assaloni, H., Schneider, R., & Rufer, M. (2007). Dissociative disorders among chronic and severely impaired psychiatric outpatients. Psychopathology, 40, 470-471.
30. Näring, G., & Nijenhuis, E. R. (2005). Relationships between self-reported potentially traumatizing events, psychoform and somatoform dissociation, and absorption, in two non-clinical populations. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 982-988.
31. Nijenhuis, E. R. (2000). Somatoform dissociation: Major symptoms of dissociative disorders. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 1(4), 7-32.
32. Nijenhuis, E. R. (2004). Somatoform dissociation. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
33. Nijenhuis, E. R. (2009). Somatoform dissociation and somatoform dissociative disorders. In P. F Dell & N. O'Neil (Eds.), Dissociation and dissociative disorders: DSM-IV and beyond (pp. 259-275). New York, NY: Routledge.
34. Nijenhuis, E. R., Spinhoven, P., Van Dyck, R., Van der Hart, O., & Vanderlinden, J. (1996). The development and psychometric characteristics of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20). Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184, 688-694.
35. Nijenhuis, E. R., Spinhoven, P., Van Dyck, R., Van der Hart, O., & Vanderlinden, J. (1997). The development of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-5) as a screening instrument for dissociative disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 96(5), 311-318.
36. Nijenhuis, E. R., Spinhoven, P., Van Dyck, R., Van der Hart, O., & Vanderlinden, J. (1998a). Degree of somatoform and psychological dissociation in dissociative disorder is correlated with reported trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 711-730.
37. Nijenhuis, E. R., Spinhoven, P., Van Dyck, R., Van der Hart, O., & Vanderlinden, J. (1998b). Psychometric characteristics of the somatoform dissociation questionnaire: A replication study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 67(1), 17-23.
38. Nijenhuis, E. R., Van der Hart, O., & Kruger, K. (2002). The psychometric characteristics of the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC): First findings among psychiatric outpatients. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9(3), 200-210.
39. Nijenhuis, E. R., Van Dyck, R., Spinhoven, P., Van der Hart, O., Chatrou, M., Vanderlinden, J., & Moene, F. (1999). Somatoform dissociation discriminates among diagnostic categories over and above general psychopathology. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 511-520.
40. Nijenhuis, E. R., Van Dyck, R., ter Kuile, M. M., Mourits, M. J., Spinhoven, P., & Van der Hart, O. (2003). Evidence for associations among somatoform dissociation, psychological dissociation and reported trauma in patients with chronic pelvic pain. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 24(2), 87-98.
41. Öztürk, E., & Sar, V. (2008). Somatization as a predictor of suicidal ideation in dissociative disorders. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62, 662-668.
42. Rodewald, F., Gast, U., & Emrich, H. M. (2006). Screening for major dissociative disorders with the FDS, the German version of the Dissociative Experience Scale. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 56(6), 249-258.
43. Ross, C., Anderson, G., Fleisher, W., & Norton, G. (1991). The frequency of multiple personality disorder among psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1717-1720.
44. Sar, V., Kundakci, T., Emre, K., Bahadir, B., & Oya, B. (2000). Differentiating dissociative disorders from other diagnostic groups through somatoform dissociation in Turkey. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 1(4), 67-80.
45. Sar, V., Tutkun, H., Alyanak, B., Bakim, B., & Baral, I. (2000). Frequency of dissociative disorders among psychiatric outpatients in Turkey. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41(3), 216-222.
46. Saxe, G. N., Chinman, G., Berkowitz, R., Hall, K., Lieberg, G., Schwartz, J., & Van der Kolk, B. A. (1994). Somatization in patients with dissociative disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1329-1334.
47. Saxe, G., Van der Kolk, B., Berkowitz, R., Chinman, G., Hall, K., Lieberg, G., & Schwartz, J. (1993). Dissociative disorders in psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1037-1042.
48. Schafer, I., Reininghaus, U., Langeland, W., Voss, A., Zieger, N., Haasen, C., & Karow, A. (2007). Dissociative symptoms in alcohol-dependent patients: Associations with childhood trauma and substance abuse characteristics. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 539-545.
49. Spitzer, C., Freyberger, H. J., Stieglitz, R. D., Carlson, E. B., Kuhn, G., Magdeburg, N., & Kessler, C. (1998). Adaptation and psychometric properties of the German version of the Dissociative Experience Scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 799-809.
50. Spitzer, C., Klauer, T., Grabe, H. J., Lucht, M., Stieglitz, R. D., Schneider, W., & Freyberger, H. J. (2003). Gender differences in dissociation: A dimensional approach. Psychopathology, 36(2), 65-70.
51. Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Polcari, A., & McGreenery, C. E. (2006). Sticks, stones, and hurtful words: Relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 993-1000.
52. Tutkun, H., Sar, V., Yargiç, L., Ozpulat, T., Yanik, M., & Kiziltan, E. (1998). Frequency of dissociative disorders among psychiatric inpatients in a Turkish university clinic. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 800-805.
53. Van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E., & Steele, K. (2006). The haunted self: Structural dissociation and the treatment of chronic traumatization. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
54. Van Ommeren, M., Sharma, B., Sharma, G. K., Komproe, I., Cardena, E., & de Jong, J. T. (2002). The relationship between somatic and PTSD symptoms among Bhutanese refugee torture survivors: Examination of comorbidity with anxiety and depression. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 415-421.
55. Waller, G., Babbs, M., Wright, F., Potterton, C., Meyer, C., & Leung, N. (2003). Somatoform dissociation in eating-disordered patients. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 41, 619-627.
56. Waller, G., Hamilton, K., Elliott, P., Lewendon, J., Stopa, L., Waters, A., Chalkley, J. (2000). Somatoform dissociation, psychological dissociation, and specific forms of trauma. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 1(4), 81-98.
57. Watson, S., Chilton, R., Fairchild, H., & Whewell, P. (2006). Association between childhood trauma and dissociation among patients with borderline personality disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 478-481.
58. Wingenfeld, K., Spitzer, C., Mensebach, C., Grabe, H., Hill, A., Gast, U., Driessen, M. (2010, March 3). The German version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ): Preliminary psychometric properties. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, published online.
59. World Health Organization. (1989). International classification of diseases (ICD-10). Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
60. Xiao, Z., Yan, H., Wang, Z., Zou, Z., Xu, M. D. Y., Chen, M. D. J., Keyes, B. B. (2006). Trauma and dissociation in China. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1388-1391.
61. Zlotnick, C., Tracie Shea, M., Zakriski, A., Costello, E., Begin, A., Pearlstein, T., & Simpson, E. (1995). Stressors and close relationships during childhood and dissociative experiences in survivors of sexual abuse among inpatient psychiatric women. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 36(3), 207-212.