The Na-K-Cl Co-transporter in astrocyte swelling

Metabolic Brain Disease

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 31-38

  Jayakumar, Arumugam R ^a   Norenberg, Michael D ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Astrocyte swelling; Brain edema; Hepatic encephalopathy; Ischemia; Na+ K+ Cl cotransporter; Trauma

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; ANTIOXIDANT; BAY 117802; BUMETANIDE; CHLORIDE ION; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; JANUS KINASE 2; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN KINASE; N(G) NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER; POTASSIUM ION; RHO FACTOR; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; SODIUM ION; SODIUM POTASSIUM CHLORIDE COTRANSPORTER; THIOACETAMIDE; TORASEMIDE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ASTROCYTE; BIOACCUMULATION; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CELL SWELLING; CONFERENCE PAPER; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; EXPERIMENTAL RAT; HYPERAMMONEMIA; LIVER FAILURE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROTOXICITY; NITROSATIVE STRESS; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN MODIFICATION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION;

AMMONIA; ANIMALS; ASTROCYTES; BRAIN; BRAIN EDEMA; CELL SIZE; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMANS; LIVER FAILURE, ACUTE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS;

EID: 77954142513     PISSN: 08857490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11011-010-9180-3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (97)

1. TJ Abbruscato SP Lopez K Roder JR Paulson 2004 Regulation of blood-brain barrier Na, K, 2Cl-cotransporter through phosphorylation during in vitro stroke conditions and nicotine exposure J Pharmacol Exp Ther 310 459 468 10.1124/jpet.104.066274 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtVyks78%3D 15051802 (Pubitemid 38988888)
2. - cotransport in ATP-treated C11-MDCK cells involve distinct P2Y receptor subtypes and signaling mechanisms J Biol Chem 281 31317 31325 10.1074/jbc.M602117200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVOrsbfL 16916802 (Pubitemid 46041396)
3. GO Andersen T Skomedal M Enger A Fidjeland T Brattelid FO Levy JB Osnes 2004 1-AR-mediated activation of NKCC in rat cardiomyocytes involves ERK-dependent phosphorylation of the cotransporter Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286 H1354 H1360 10.1152/ajpheart.00549.2003 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXjtlKkur4%3D 14630635 (Pubitemid 38386633)
4. L Annunziato G Pignataro GF Di Renzo 2004 Pharmacology of brain Na+/Ca2+ exchanger: from molecular biology to therapeutic perspectives Pharmacol Rev 56 633 654 10.1124/pr.56.4.5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFWlt7Y%3D 15602012 (Pubitemid 39658464)
5. AS Baldwin Jr 1996 The NF-kappa B and I kappa B proteins: new discoveries and insights Annu Rev Immunol 14 649 683 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.649 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XitlCgtbc%3D 8717528 (Pubitemid 26130197)
6. MH Biros RW Dimlich WG Barsan 1985 Post-insult treatment of ischemia-induced cerebral lactic acidosis in the rat Ann Emerg Med 15 397 404 10.1016/S0196-0644(86)80174-3
7. AT Blei S Olafsson G Therrien RF Butterworth 1994 Ammonia-induced brain edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis Hepatology 19 1437 44 10.1002/hep.1840190619 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3ksFWjsw%3D%3D 8188174
8. H Chen D Sun 2005 The role of Na-K-Cl co-transporter in cerebral ischemia Neurol Res 27 280 286 10.1179/016164105X25243 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvVGgt7s%3D 15845211 (Pubitemid 40523799)
9. + exchanger J Neurochem 102 1783 1795 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007. 04638.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVyksLbI 17490438 (Pubitemid 47329250)
10. S Chin NA Delamere 1999 Stimulation of active sodium-potassium transport by hydrogen peroxide in cultured rabbit nonpigmented ciliary epithelium Curr Eye Res 18 254 260 10.1076/ceyr.18.4.254.5359 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzgtVWquw%3D%3D 10372984 (Pubitemid 29237884)
11. C Di Ciano-Oliveira G Sirokmány K Szászi WT Arthur A Masszi M Peterson OD Rotstein A Kapus 2003 Hyperosmotic stress activates Rho: differential involvement in Rho kinase-dependent MLC phosphorylation and NKCC activation Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 285 C555 C566 12748065
12. FP Diecke Q Wen P Iserovich J Li K Kuang J Fischbarg 2005 Regulation of Na-K-2Cl cotransport in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells Exp Eye Res 80 777 785 10.1016/j.exer.2004.12.008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltFSqt7Y%3D 15939033 (Pubitemid 40798042)
13. R DiPolo L Beaugé 2006 Sodium/calcium exchanger: influence of metabolic regulation on ion carrier interactions Physiol Rev 86 155 203 10.1152/physrev.00018.2005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlKnsbc%3D 16371597
14. BF Dowd B Forbush 2003 PASK (proline-alanine-rich STE20-related kinase), a regulatory kinase of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) J Biol Chem 278 27347 27353 10.1074/jbc.M301899200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsFKks7Y%3D 12740379 (Pubitemid 36899915)
15. - cotransporter, BSC-1 Am J Physiol 271 F619 F628 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmtFeju7k%3D 8853424
16. - cotransporter activities in vascular endothelial cells Am J Physiol 263 H96 H102 1:CAS:528: DyaK38Xlt12itrw%3D 1322063
17. PW Flatman 2008 Cotransporters, WNKs and hypertension: an update Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 17 186 192 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282f5244e 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjs1akt70%3D 18277153 (Pubitemid 351253045)
18. KB Gagnon R England E Delpire 2006 Characterization of SPAK and OSR1, regulatory kinases of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter Mol Cell Biol 26 689 698 10.1128/MCB.26.2.689-698.2006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVOht7o%3D 16382158 (Pubitemid 43089779)
19. KB Gagnon R England E Delpire 2006 Volume sensitivity of cation-Cl- cotransporters is modulated by the interaction of two kinases: Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase and WNK4 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290 C134 C142 10.1152/ajpcell.00037.2005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsVSjurk%3D 15930150
20. G Gamba A Miyanoshita M Lombardi J Lytton WS Lee MA Hediger SC Hebert 1994 Molecular cloning, primary structure, and characterization of two members of the mammalian electroneutral sodium-(potassium)-chloride cotransporter family expressed in kidney J Biol Chem 269 17713 17722 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlslehurY%3D 8021284
21. R Ganz M Swain P Traber M DalCanto RF Butterworth AT Blei 1989 Ammonia-induced swelling of rat cerebral cortical slices: implications for the pathogenesis of brain edema in acute hepatic failure Metab Brain Dis 4 213 223 10.1007/BF01000297 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXlvV2jurs%3D 2796874
22. H Garty DJ Benos 1988 Characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of the amiloride-blockable Na+ channel Physiol Rev 68 309 73 1:CAS:528: DyaL1cXktVamsLs%3D 2451832
23. I Gimenez B Forbush 2003 Short-term stimulation of the renal Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) by vasopressin involves phosphorylation and membrane translocation of the protein J Biol Chem 278 26946 26951 10.1074/jbc.M303435200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltlKqtLg%3D 12732642 (Pubitemid 36876847)
24. M Haas 1994 The Na-K-Cl cotransporters Am J Physiol 267 C869 C885 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXhvFWrtro%3D 7943281
25. M Haas B Forbush III 1998 The Na-K-Cl co-transporters J Bioenerg Biomembr 30 161 172 10.1023/A:1020521308985 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkt1Onu7g%3D 9672238 (Pubitemid 28345698)
26. M Haas B Forbush III 2000 The Na-K-Cl co-transporter of secretory epithelia Ann Rev Physiol 62 515 534 10.1146/annurev.physiol.62.1.515 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltlGrsbc%3D (Pubitemid 30618273)
27. - cotransport via a cytochrome P-450-dependent pathway in renal epithelial cells (MMDD1) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 284 F1235 F1244 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltVehu7k%3D 12582005
28. - cotransport in volume regulation in Ehrlich cells Fed Proc 44 2513 2519 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXktlGntLY%3D 2581818
29. D Hoppe H Kettenmann 1989 GABA triggers a Cl- flux from cultured mouse oligodendrocytes Neurosci Lett 97 334 339 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90620-4 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXht12is70%3D 2717066 (Pubitemid 19047481)
30. JC Ibla J Khoury T Kong A Robinson SP Colgan 2006 Transcriptional repression of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291 C282 C289 10.1152/ajpcell.00564.2005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XovVWgsLk%3D 16571862 (Pubitemid 44148151)
31. T Iwamoto 2004 Forefront of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger studies: molecular pharmacology of Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitors J Pharmacol Sci 96 27 32 10.1254/jphs.FMJ04002X6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnvFyjsrc%3D 15359084 (Pubitemid 39318775)
32. AR Jayakumar KS Panickar ChR Murthy MD Norenberg 2006 Oxidative stress and mitogen- activated protein kinase phosphorylation mediate ammonia-induced cell swelling and glutamate uptake inhibition in cultured astrocytes J Neurosci 26 4774 4784 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0120-06.2006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XkvFSgt7c%3D 16672650 (Pubitemid 44315317)
33. AR Jayakumar M Liu M Moriyama R Ramakrishnan B Forbush 3rd PV Reddy MD Norenberg 2008 Na-K-Cl Cotransporter-1 in the mechanism of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling J Biol Chem 283 33874 33882 10.1074/jbc.M804016200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVelu77J 18849345
34. AR Jayakumar KS Panickar M Moriyama M Liu MD Norenberg 2008 Ion transporting systems in the mechanism of astrocyte swelling after trauma J Neurochem 104 Suppl 1 135 135
35. AR Jayakumar KV Rao KS Panickar M Moriyama PV Reddy MD Norenberg 2008 Trauma-induced cell swelling in cultured astrocytes J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 67 417 427 10.1097/NEN.0b013e31816fc9d4 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmsFehtbY%3D 18431255 (Pubitemid 351653534)
36. R Juncos JL Garvin 2005 Superoxide enhances Na-K-2Cl cotransporter activity in the thick ascending limb Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288 F982 F987 10.1152/ajprenal.00348.2004 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktlSgt7o%3D 15821259 (Pubitemid 40569764)
37. KT Kahle JM Simard KJ Staley BV Nahed PS Jones D Sun 2009 Molecular mechanisms of ischemic cerebral edema: role of electroneutral ion transport Physiology (Bethesda) 24 257 265 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFWisr%2FM
38. MR Kaplan DB Mount E Delpire 1996 Molecular mechanisms of NaCl cotransport Annu Rev Physiol 58 649 668 10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.003245 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhvVaht7s%3D 8815813
39. J Kimura T Ono K Sakamoto E Ito S Watanabe S Maeda Y Shikama MS Yatabe I Matsuoka 2009 Na+-Ca2+ exchanger expression and its modulation Biol Pharm Bull 32 325 331 10.1248/bpb.32.325 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmsVWksb4%3D 19252272
40. - cotransport and Na+/Ca2+ exchange in mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes following in vitro ischemia Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292 C1113 C1122 10.1152/ajpcell.00412.2006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjsFeqsLw%3D 17035299 (Pubitemid 46440417)
41. - cotransport in vascular endothelial cells: role of protein phosphorylation J Membr Biol 132 243 252 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXitlWit7s%3D 8492308
42. - co-transporter Am J Physiol 277 C1184 C1193 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhs1Okug%3D%3D 10600770
43. TI Lam SE Anderson N Glaser ME O'Donnell 2005 Bumetanide reduces cerebral edema formation in rats with diabetic ketoacidosis Diabetes 54 510 516 10.2337/diabetes.54.2.510 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhsVCrsbc%3D 15677509
44. J Layne S Yip RB Crook 2001 Down-regulation of Na-K-Cl cotransport by protein kinase C is mediated by protein phosphatase 1 in pigmented ciliary epithelial cells Exp Eye Res 72 371 379 10.1006/exer.2000.0966 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitFymtb8%3D 11273665 (Pubitemid 32977232)
45. B Lenart DB Kintner GE Shull D Sun 2004 Na-K-Cl cotransporter-mediated intracellular Na+ accumulation affects Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes in an in vitro ischemic model J Neurosci 24 9585 9597 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2569-04.2004 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXpvFOru70%3D 15509746 (Pubitemid 39441513)
46. D Liang S Bhatta V Gerzanich JM Simard 2007 Cytotoxic edema: mechanisms of pathological cell swelling Neurosurg Focus 22 E2 10.3171/foc.2007.22.5.3 17613233
47. - -cotransporter in choroid plexus attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced brain edema and neuronal damage Eur J Pharmacol 548 99 105 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.07.048 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XpvFektb4%3D 16962576 (Pubitemid 44397015)
48. C Lytle B Forbush 3rd 1992 The Na-K-Cl cotransport protein of shark rectal gland. II. Regulation by direct phosphorylation J Biol Chem 267 25438 25443 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XmtlSntb8%3D 1334094
49. LA MacMillan-Crow JS Greendorfer SM Vickers JA Thompson 2000 Tyrosine nitration of c-SRC tyrosine kinase in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Arch Biochem Biophys 377 350 356 10.1006/abbi.2000.1799 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXjvFCkt7w%3D 10845713 (Pubitemid 30331897)
50. C Mallozzi AM Di Stasi M Minetti 2001 Nitrotyrosine mimics phosphotyrosine binding to the SH2 domain of the src family tyrosine kinase lyn FEBS Lett 503 189 195 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02726-0 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXmtFWit7Y%3D 11513880 (Pubitemid 32763203)
51. JB Matthews I Hassan S Meng SY Archer BJ Hrnjez RA Hodin 1998 Na-K-2Cl cotransporter gene expression and function during enterocyte differentiation. Modulation of Cl- secretory capacity by butyrate J Clin Invest 101 2072 2079 10.1172/JCI1042 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjt1ekt7Y%3D 9593763
52. ME Meima JR Mackley DL Barber 2007 Beyond ion translocation: structural functions of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 16 365 372 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3281bd888d 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXotl2mu7s%3D 17565280 (Pubitemid 46944336)
53. T Moriguchi S Urushiyama N Hisamoto S Iemura S Uchida T Natsume K Matsumoto H Shibuya 2005 WNK1 regulates phosphorylation of cation-chloride- coupled cotransporters via the STE20-related kinases, SPAK and OSR1 J Biol Chem 280 42685 42693 10.1074/jbc.M510042200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlCmsLnP 16263722 (Pubitemid 43049227)
54. CR Murthy KV Rama Rao G Bai MD Norenberg 2001 Ammonia-induced production of free radicals in primary cultures of rat astrocytes J Neurosci Res 66 282 288 10.1002/jnr.1222 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsVykur8%3D 11592125 (Pubitemid 32912297)
55. TN Nagaraja N Brookes 1998 Intracellular acidification induced by passive and active transport of ammonium ions in astrocytes Am J Physiol 274 C883 C891 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXislyju7g%3D 9575784
56. MD Norenberg 1977 A light and electron microscopic study of experimental portal-systemic (ammonia) encephalopathy. Progression and reversal of the disorder Lab Invest 36 618 627 1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXkt1ShsLo%3D 559221
57. MD Norenberg 1987 The role of astrocytes in hepatic encephalopathy Neurochem Pathol 6 13 33 10.1007/BF02833599 1:STN:280:DyaL2szhs1Srtg%3D%3D 3306480
58. MD Norenberg AS Bender 1994 Astrocyte swelling in liver failure: role of glutamine and benzodiazepines Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 60 24 27 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FmslSrtw%3D%3D
59. MD Norenberg KV Rama Rao AR Jayakumar 2009 Signaling factors in the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity Metab Brain Dis 24 103 117 10.1007/s11011-008-9113-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhvVKqu7c%3D 19104923
60. ME O'Donnell TI Lam LQ Tran S Foroutan SE Anderson 2006 Estradiol reduces activity of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter and decreases edema formation in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26 1234 1249 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600278 16421506 (Pubitemid 44444595)
61. - cotransporter expression mediates chronic potentiation of intestinal epithelial Cl- secretion by EGF Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294 C1362 C1370 10.1152/ajpcell.00256.2007 18400987
62. - cotransporter activity Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281 F819 F825 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXosFyks74%3D 11592939
63. L Paljärvi 1984 Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage: a topographic study with high- resolution light microscopy of early recovery in a rat model of severe incomplete ischemia Acta Neuropathol. 64 89 98 10.1007/BF00695571 6475503
64. JA Payne B Forbush 3rd 1994 Alternatively spliced isoforms of the putative renal Na-K-Cl cotransporter are differentially distributed within the rabbit kidney Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 4544 4548 10.1073/pnas.91.10.4544 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXkslKmt7o%3D 7514306
65. Paulson JR, Yang T, Selvaraj PK, Mdzinarishvili A, Van der Schyf CJ, Klein J, Bickel U, Abbruscato TJ (2009) Nicotine Exacerbates Brain Edema during in vitro and in vivo Focal Ischemic Conditions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (in press)
66. EB Pewitt RS Hegde M Haas HC Palfrey 1990 The regulation of Na/K/2Cl cotransport and bumetanide binding in avian erythrocytes by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Effects of kinase inhibitors and okadaic acid J Biol Chem 265 20747 20756 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXmtVyls74%3D 2147426
67. +, Cl- cotransporter in the nervous system: evidence for a scaffolding role of the kinase J Biol Chem 278 52848 52856 10.1074/jbc.M309436200 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXpvFGjt7o%3D 14563843 (Pubitemid 38035884)
68. CF Plato BA Stoos D Wang JL Garvin 1999 Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits chloride transport in the thick ascending limb Am J Physiol 276 F159 F163 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntlSktQ%3D%3D 9887091
69. - cotransporter isoform-1 contributes to intracellular chloride increases after in vitro ischemia J Neurosci 26 1396 1406 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1421-05.2006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsFait74%3D 16452663 (Pubitemid 43237010)
70. KV Rama Rao AR Jayakumar DM Norenberg 2003 Ammonia neurotoxicity: role of the mitochondrial permeability transition Metab Brain Dis 18 113 127 10.1023/A:1023858902184 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s3psFantw%3D%3D 12822830 (Pubitemid 36718124)
71. F Ringel RC Chang F Staub A Baethmann N Plesnila 2000 Contribution of anion transporters to the acidosis-induced swelling and intracellular acidification of glial cells J Neurochem 75 125 132 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000. 0750125.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkt12qtrk%3D 10854255 (Pubitemid 30418177)
72. CR Rose SG Waxman BR Ransom 1998 Effects of glucose deprivation, chemical hypoxia, and simulated ischemia on Na+ homeostasis in rat spinal cord astrocytes J Neurosci 18 3554 3562 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtVWls7o%3D 9570787
73. JM Russell 2000 Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transport Physiol Rev 80 211 276 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtl2jug%3D%3D 10617769
74. MG Salter R Fern 2008 The mechanisms of acute ischemic injury in the cell processes of developing white matter astrocytes J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28 588 601 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600555 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXisVKgsrc%3D 17912272 (Pubitemid 351304269)
75. - cotransporter Mol Endocrinol 14 2054 2065 10.1210/me.14.12.2054 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXos1SqsLk%3D 11117534 (Pubitemid 32055536)
76. - cotransporter in cultured pancreatic duct cells Am J Physiol 277 C1100 C1110 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXhs1Oluw%3D%3D 10600761
77. BK Siesjo 1981 Cell damage in the brain: a speculative synthesis J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 1 155 185 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XhtVWktbg%3D
78. IA Silver J Deas M Erecińska 1997 Ion homeostasis in brain cells: differences in intracellular ion responses to energy limitation between cultured neurons and glial cells Neuroscience 78 589 601 10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00600-8 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjtFCnt7Y%3D 9145812 (Pubitemid 27170347)
79. AP Sinke AR Jayakumar KS Panickar M Moriyama PVB Reddy MD Norenberg 2008 NF-κB in the mechanism of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling in culture J Neurochem 106 2302 2311 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFOit7jL 18662246
80. F Staub M Stoffel S Berger J Eriskat A Baethmann 1994 Treatment of vasogenic brain edema with the novel Cl- transport inhibitor torasemide J Neurotrauma 11 679 690 10.1089/neu.1994.11.679 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3jvFOruw%3D%3D 7723067
81. PK Stys SG Waxman BR Ransom 1992 Ionic mechanisms of anoxic injury in mammalian CNS white matter: role of Na+ channels and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger J Neurosci 12 430 439 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhslWnurc%3D 1311030
82. o- induced swelling and EAA release in astrocytes Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 282 5 C1136 C1146 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjslWlurw%3D 11940529
83. D Sun ME O'Donnell 1996 Astroglial-mediated phosphorylation of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in brain microvessel endothelial cells Am J Physiol 271 C620 C627 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlsV2ksrg%3D 8770003
84. MS Swain AT Blei RF Butterworth RP Kraig 1991 Intracellular pH rises and astrocytes swell after portacaval anastomosis in rats Am J Physiol 261 R1491 R1496 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2Fosl2qug%3D%3D 1750572
85. H Takahashi RC Koehler SW Brusilow RJ Traystman 1991 Inhibition of brain glutamine accumulation prevents cerebral edema in hyperammonemia in rats Am J Physiol 281 H826 H829
86. R Thomas MG Salter S Wilke A Husen N Allcock M Nivison AN Nnoli R Fern 2004 Acute ischemic injury of astrocytes is mediated by Na-K-Cl cotransport and not Ca2+ influx at a key point in white matter development J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 63 856 871 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntlWitbk%3D 15330340
87. PG Traber M Dal Canto DR Ganger AT Blei 1987 Electron microscopic evaluation of brain edema in rabbits with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure: ultrastructure and integrity of the blood-brain barrier Hepatology 7 1272 1277 10.1002/hep.1840070616 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2Fls1Oltw%3D%3D 3679092 (Pubitemid 18014201)
88. AW Unterberg J Stover B Kress KL Kiening 2004 Edema and brain trauma Neuroscience 129 1021 1029 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.046 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVSlur%2FO 15561417 (Pubitemid 39556253)
89. AC Vitari M Deak NA Morrice DR Alessi 2005 The WNK1 and WNK4 protein kinases that are mutated in Gordon's hypertension syndrome phosphorylate and activate SPAK and OSR1 protein kinases Biochem J 391 17 24 10.1042/BJ20051180 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVehsL3M 16083423 (Pubitemid 41445471)
90. AC Vitari J Thastrup FH Rafiqi M Deak NA Morrice HK Karlsson DR Alessi 2006 Functional interactions of the SPAK/OSR1 kinases with their upstream activator WNK1 and downstream substrate NKCC1 Biochem J 397 223 231 10.1042/BJ20060220 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xls1Khs7c%3D 16669787 (Pubitemid 44032854)
91. H Wang Y Yan DB Kintner C Lytle D Sun 2003 GABA-mediated trophic effect n oligodendrocytes requires Na-K-2Cl co-transport activity J Neurohysiol 90 1257 1265 10.1152/jn.01174.2002 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnt12rs78%3D (Pubitemid 37092603)
92. JA Wong AR Gosmanov EG Schneider DB Thomason 2001 Insulin-independent, MAPK- dependent stimulation of NKCC activity in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 281 R561 R571 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVCltbs%3D 11448861
93. RT Worrell L Merk JB Matthews 2008 Ammonium transport in the colonic crypt cell line, T84: role for Rhesus glycoproteins and NKCC1 Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 294 G429 G440 10.1152/ajpgi.00251.2006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXit1yku7Y%3D 18032481 (Pubitemid 351253332)
94. Y Xie K Dengler E Zacharias B Wilffert F Tegtmeier 1994 Effects of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) on cellular ion homeostasis in rat brain subjected to complete ischemia Brain Res 652 216 224 10.1016/0006-8993(94) 90230-5 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXltlWmsr0%3D 7953733 (Pubitemid 24227275)
95. JC Xu C Lytle TT Zhu JA Payne E Benz Jr B Forbush 3rd 1994 Molecular cloning and functional expression of the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl cotransporter Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 2201 2205 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2201 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjtFOqt78%3D 8134373
96. - co-transporter in rat focal cerebral ischemia J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 21 711 721 10.1097/00004647-200106000-00009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntFKisrc%3D 11488540
97. AV Zima LA Blatter 2006 Redox regulation of cardiac calcium channels and transporters Cardiovasc Res 71 310 321 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.02.019 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xmt1ygsLk%3D 16581043