Alternative strategies for the management of chronic stable Angina

Current Problems in Cardiology

Volumn 35, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 384-446

  O'Rourke, Robert A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; METOPROLOL; NIFEDIPINE; NITRATE; PLACEBO; PRASUGREL; PRAVASTATIN; QUINAPRIL; RAMIPRIL; RANOLAZINE; SILDENAFIL; SOTALOL; TICLOPIDINE; WARFARIN; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT;

ANGINA PECTORIS; ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CLAUDICATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; EXERCISE TEST; FATIGUE; HEART FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART MUSCLE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; IMPOTENCE; INSOMNIA; LETHARGY; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING; NIGHTMARE; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SILENT MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; SINUS TACHYCARDIA; ST SEGMENT DEPRESSION; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SYMPTOM; THORAX PAIN; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; VASOMOTOR REFLEX; CHRONIC DISEASE; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEART FUNCTION TEST; PREDICTIVE VALUE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANGINA PECTORIS; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS; CHRONIC DISEASE; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HEART FUNCTION TESTS; HUMANS; MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; RISK FACTORS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77954101445     PISSN: 01462806     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2010.05.001     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Lloyd-Jones D., Abrams R., Cvarnethon M., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2009, 119(3):e21-e181.
2. Gibbons R.J., Abrams J., Chatterjee K., et al. Guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007, 50(23):2264-2274.
3. Frye R.L., August P., et al. The Bari-2D Study Group. A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetres and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:2503-2515. BARI 2D Study Group.
4. Herberden W. Some account of disorder of the breast. Med Trans R Coll Phys (Lond) 1772, 2:59-67.
5. Herberden W. Commentaries on the history and care of disease 1802, T Payne, London.
6. White P.D. Angina pectoris: historical background. Angina Pectoris 1974, vol 1. Medcom Publishing Group, New York. O. Paul (Ed.).
7. Diamond G.A., Staniloff H.M., Forrester J.S., et al. Computer-assisted diagnosis in the noninvasive evaluation of patients with suspected coronary disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983, 1:444-455.
8. O'Rourke R.A., Hochman J.S., Cohen M.C., et al. New approaches to diagnosis and management of unstable angina and non-St-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2001, 161:674-682.
9. Diamond G.A., Forrester J.S. Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1979, 300:1350-1358.
10. Wexler L., Brundage B., Crouse J., et al. Coronary artery calcification, pathophysiology, epidemiology, imaging methods and clinical implications. Circulation 1996, 94:1175-1192.
11. O'Rourke R., Brundage B., Froelicher V., et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association consensus document on electron beam computed tomography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (Committee on Electron Beam Computer Tomography). Circulation 2000, 20:126-140.
12. Detrano R.C., Duherty T.M., Davies M.J., et al. Predicting coronary events with coronary calcium: pathophysiologic and clinical problems. Curr Probl Cardiol 2000, 25:369-404.
13. Greenland P., Bonow R.O., Brundage B.H., et al. ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 expert consensus document on electron beam computed tomography, developed in collaboration with the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007, 49(3):378-402.
14. Gibbons R.J., Balady G.J., Bricker J.T., et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 41:160-168. Accessed October 17, 2002. http://www.acc.org/qualityandscience/clinical/guidelines/exercise/exercise_clean.
15. Froelicher V.F., Lehmann K.G., Thomas R., et al. The electrocardiographic exercise test in a population with reduced workup bias: diagnostic performance, computerized interpretation, and multivariable prediction. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study in Health services 016 (QUEXTA) Study Group, quantitative exercise testing and angiography. Ann Intern Med 1998, 128:965-974.
16. Froelicher V., Shetler K., Ashley E. Better decisions through science: exercise testing scores. Curr Probl Cardiol 2003, 28:595-620.
17. Cheitlin M.D., Armstrong W.F., Aurigemma G.P., et al. ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guidelines update for the clinical application of echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 42:954-970.
18. Klocke F.J., Baird M.G., Lorell B.H., et al. ACC/AHA/ASNC revision of the 1995 guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 42:1318-1333.
19. Douglas J.S., Hurst J.W. Limitations of symptoms in the recognition of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Update. I. The Heart 1979, vol 3. McGraw-Hill, New York. J.W. Hurst (Ed.).
20. Pupita G., Maseri A., Kaski J.C., et al. Myocardial ischemia caused by distal coronary artery constriction in stable angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 1990, 323:514-520.
21. Egashira K., Inou T., Hirooka Y., et al. Evidence of impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatation in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:1659-1664.
22. Maseri A., Crea F., Kaski J.C. Mechanisms of angina pectoris in syndrome X. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991, 17:499-506.
23. Maseri A., Chierchia S., Kaski J.C. Mixed angina pectoris. J Cardiol 1985, 56(9):30E-33E.
24. Bortone A.S., Hess O.M., Eberli F.R. Abnormal coronary vasomotion during exercise in patients with normal coronary arteries and reduced coronary flow reserve. Circulation 1991, 83:26-37.
25. Sigwart U., Grbic M., Payot J., et al. Ischemic events during coronary artery balloon occlusion. Silent Myocardial Ischemia 1984, vol 29. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. W. Rutishauser, H. Roskamm (Eds.).
26. Rocco M.B., Barry J., Campbell S., et al. Circadian variation of transient myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1987, 75:395-400.
27. Herrick J.B. Clinical features of sudden obstruction of the coronary arteries. JAMA 1912, 59:2015-2020.
28. Crawford N.H., Bernstein S.J., diMarco J., et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography. Circulation 1999, 34:912-948.
29. Crawford M.H., Bernstein S.J., Deedwania P.C., et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography): developed in collaboration with the North American Society for Pacing and Electrophysiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999, 34:912-948.
30. Greenland P., laBree L., Azen S.P., et al. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 2004, 291:210-215.
31. Davies R.F., Goldberg A.D., Forman S., et al. Asymptomatic cardiac ischemia pilot (ACIP) study two-year follow-up: outcomes of patients randomized to initial strategies of medical therapy versus revascularization. Circulation 1997, 95:2037-2043.
32. Hubbard B.L., Gibbons R.J., Lapeyre A.C., et al. Identification of severe coronary artery disease using simple clinical parameters. Arch Intern Med 1992, 152(2):309-312.
33. Hachamovitch R., Berman D.S., Shaw L.J., et al. Incremental prognostic value of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography for the prediction of cardiac death: differential stratification for risk of cardiac death and myocardial infarction. Circulation 1998, 97(6):533-543. [Published erratum appears in Circulation 1999;98(2):190].
34. Mark D.B., Shaw L., Harrell F.E., et al. Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1991, 325:849-853.
35. Brown K.A. Prognostic value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging: a diagnostic tool comes of age. Circulation 1991, 83:363-381.
36. Wagdy H.M., Hodge D., Christian T.F., et al. Prognostic value of vasodilator myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with left bundle-branch-block. Circulation 1998, 97(16):1563-1570.
37. O'Rourke R., Boden W., Weintraub W., et al. Medical therapy versus percutaneous coronary intervention: implications of the Avert Study and the Courage trial. Curr Pract Med 1999, 2(11):225-227.
38. Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing physicians' Health Study. Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:129-135.
39. Gum P.A., Kottke-Marchant K., Welsh P.A., et al. A prospective, blinded determination of the natural history of aspirin resistance among stable patients with cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 41:961-965.
40. Yusuf S., Zhao F., Mehta S.R., et al. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without St-segment-elevation. N Engl J Med 2001, 345(7):494-502.
41. Pride Y.B., Wiviott S.D., Buros J.L., et al. Effect of prasugrel versus clopidogrel on outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention without stent implantation: a TRial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibitioN with prasugrel (Triton)-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 38 subtudy. Am Heart J 2009, 158(3):e21-e26.
42. Brandt J.T., Payne C.D., Wiviott S.D., et al. A comparison of Prasugrel and clopidogrel loading doses on platelet function: magnitude of platelet inhibition is related to active metabolite formation. Am Heart J 2007, 153(1). 66e9-16.
43. Updated American Heart Association Statement: Patient Guidance Based on Results of the CHARISMA Trial. American Heart Association, Dallas March 16 2006, American Heart Association.
44. Khot U.N., Nissen S.E. Is CURE a cure for acute coronary syndromes?. Statistical versus clinical significance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 40:218-219.
45. A randomized, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischemic events (Caprie). Lancet 1996, 348(9038):1329-1339. CAPRIE Steering Committee.
46. Pedersen T., Olsson A., Faergeman O., et al. Lipoprotein changes and reduction in the incidence of major coronary heart disease events in the Scandinavian simvastatin Survival Study 4S. Circulation 1998, 97:1453-1460.
47. Sacks F.M., Pfeffer M.A., Moye L.A., et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels: cholesterol and recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1996, 335(14):1001-1009.
48. MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002, 360:7-22.
49. Sever P.S., Dahlöf B., Poulter N.R., et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atovastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid-Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2003, 361:1149-1158.
50. Nissen S.E., Tuzcu E.M., Schoenhagen P., et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004, 291:1071-1080.
51. de Lemos J.A., Blazing M.A., Wiviott S.D., et al. Early intensive vs a delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes: phaze Z of the A to Z trial. JAMA 2004, 292:1307-1316.
52. Cannon C.P., Braunwald E., McCabe C.H., et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004, 350:1495-1504.
53. La Rosa J.C., Grundy S.M., Waters D.D., et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2005, 352:1425-1435.
54. Nissen S.E., Nicholls S.J., Sipahi I., et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the asteroid trial. JAMA 2006, 295:1556-1565.
55. Yusef S., Sleight P., Pogue J., et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:145-153.
56. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and micro-HOPE sub-study. Lancet 2000, 355:253-259. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators.
57. Savonitto S., Ardissiono D., Egstrup K., et al. Combination therapy with metoprolol and nifedipine versus monotherapy in patients with stable angina pectoris: results of the International multicenter angina exercise (IMAGE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996, 27(2):311-316.
58. Waysbort J., Meshulam N., Brunner D. Isosorbide-five-mononitrate and atenolol in the treatment of stable exertional angina. Cardiology 1991, 79(suppl 2):19-26.
59. Pepine C.J., Feldman R.L., Whittle J., et al. Effect of diltiazem in patients with variant angina: a randomized double-blind trial. Am Heart J 1981, 101(6):719-725.
60. Psaty B.M., Heckbert S.R., Koepsell T.D., et al. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies. JAMA 1995, 274(8):620-625.
61. Effects of calcium antagonists on the risks of coronary heart disease, cancer and bleeding. J Hypertens 1997, 15:105-115. Ad Hoc Subcommittee of the Liaison Committee of the World Health Organization and the International Society of Hypertension.
62. Cheitlin M.D., Hutter A.M., Brindis R.G., et al. ACC/AHA expert consensus documents: use of sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999, 33:273-282.
63. Fung H.L., Bauer J.A. Mechanisms of nitrate tolerance. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1994, 8(3):489-499.
64. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997, 157(21):2413-2446.
65. Alderman M.H., Cohen H., Roque R., et al. Effect of long-acting and short-acting calcium antagonist on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. Lancet 1997, 349(9052):594-598.
66. Third report of the expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Circulation 2002, 106:3143-3421. National Cholesterol Education Program.
67. Chaitman B.R., Pepine C.J., Parker J.O., et al. Effects of ranolazine with atenolol, amlodipine, or diltiazem on exercise tolerance and angina frequency in patients with severe chronic angina: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004, 291:309-316.
68. Chaitman B.R., Skettino S.L., Parker J.O., et al. Anti-ischemic effects and long-term survival during ranolazine monotherapy in patients with chronic severe angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004, 43:1375-1382.
69. Boden W.E., O'Rourke R.A., Teo K.K., et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:1503-1516.
70. Curb J.D., McTiernan A., Heckbert S.R., et al. Outcomes ascertainment and adjudication methods in the women's health initiative. Ann Epidemiol 2003, 95:S122-S128.
71. Parisi A.F., Folland E.D., Hartigan P. A comparison of angioplasty with medical therapy in the treatment of single-vessel coronary artery disease: Veterans Affairs ACME Investigators. N Engl J Med 1992, 326(1):10-16.
72. Coronary angioplasty versus medical therapy for angina: the second randomised intervention treatment of angina (RITA-2) trial. RITA-2 trial participants. Lancet 1997, 350(9076):461-468.
73. Pitt B., Waters D., Brown W.V., et al. Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease: Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999, 341(2):70-76.
74. Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease: the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) investigators. N Engl J Med 1996, 335(4):217-225. [Published erratum appears in N Engl J Med 1997;336(2):147].
75. Campbell A.R., Satran D., al Zenovich A.G. Enhanced external counterpulsation improves systolic blood pressure in patients with refractory angina. Am Heart J 2008, 156:1217-1222.
76. Arora R.R., Chou T.M., Jain D., et al. The multicenter study of enhanced external counterpulsation (MUST-EECP): effect of EECP on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and angina episodes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999, 33:1833-1840.
77. Kumar A., Aronow W.S., Vadnerkar A., et al. Effect of enhanced external counterpulsation on clinical symptoms, quality of life, 6-minute walking distance, and echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after 35 days of treatment and at 1-year follow-up in 47 patients with chronic refractory angina pectoris. Am J Ther 2009, 16:116-118.
78. Cannon R.O., Canici P.G., Epstein S.E. Pathophysiological dilemma of syndrome X. Circulation 1992, 85:883-892.
79. Kaplan M.N., Syndromes X. Two too many. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992, 69:1643-1644.
80. Taylor A.J., Villines T.C., Stane K.E.J., et al. Extended-release niacin or ezetibmibe and carotid intima-media thickness. N Engl J Med 2009, 361:2113-2122.
81. Blumenthal R.S., Michos E.D. The HALTS trial-halting atherosclerosis or halted too early. N Engl J Med 2009, 361:2178-2180.
82. Kastelein J.J.P., Bots M.L. Statin therapy with ezetimibe or niacin in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2009, 361:2180-2183.