Articulations of place, poverty, and race: Dumping grounds and unseen grounds in the rural American Northwest

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

Volumn 100, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 655-677

  Lawson, Victoria ^a   Jarosz, Lucy ^a   Bonds, Anne ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

Author keywords

American Northwest; Modes of articulation; Race; Rural poverty

Indexed keywords

LABOR; NEOLIBERALISM; POVERTY; RACE; RURAL AREA; RURAL SOCIETY;

EID: 77954064928     PISSN: 00045608     EISSN: 14678306     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00045601003795087     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Associated Press. 2004. U.S. open restricted land to grazing in drought. Billings Gazette 24 June. http://billingsgazette. com/news/state-and-regional/montana/article d76e4135d144-5d7c-bd29-2ab8e921ffde.html (last accessed 12 May 2010).
2. Barrett, R., and T. Power. 2001. Post-cowboy economics: Pay and prosperity in the New American West. Washington, DC: Island Press.
3. Belzer, D., and C. Kroll. 1986. New jobs for the timber region: Economic diversification for northern California. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, Berkeley.
4. Beyers, W. B., and P. B. Nelson. 2000. Contemporary developmentforcesinthenonmetroplitanWest:Newinsights from rapidly growing communities. Journal of Rural Studies 16 (4): 459-74.
5. Billings, D. B., and K. Blee. 2000. The road to poverty: The making of wealth and hardship in Appalachia. New York: Cambridge University Press.
6. Billings, D. B., G. Norman, and K. Ledford, eds. 1999. Confronting Appalachian stereotypes. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
7. Blank, R. 2005. Poverty, policy and place: How poverty and policies to alleviate poverty are shaped by local characteristics. Regional Science Review 28 (4): 441-64. Blockade halts farm trucks from Canada at the border. 1998. Seattle Post-Intelligencer 22 September:A3.
8. Bonds, A. 2008. The politics of prisons, poverty and neoliberal restructuring in the rural American Northwest. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Washington, Seattle.
9. Brown, B. A. 1995. In timber country: Working people's stories of environmental conflict and urban flight. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
10. Brown, D. 1970. Bury my heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian history of the American West. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
11. Castle, E. N., ed. 1995. The changing American countryside: Rural people and places. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
12. Cloke, P. 1997. Poor country: Marginalisation, poverty and rurality. In Contested countryside cultures, ed. P. Cloke and J. Little, 252-71. London and New York: Routledge.
13. Cooke, P. 1989. Localities. London: Unwin Hyman.
14. Creswell, J. 1998.Qualitativeinquiryandresearchdesign.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
15. Dayley, L. 2003. Economic ups and downs. South Idaho Press 14 March.
16. Deavers, K., and R. Hoppe. 1992. Overview of the rural poor in the 1980s. In Rural poverty in America, ed. C. M. Duncan, 3-20. New York: Auburn House.
17. De la Rosa, M. R. 2000. An analysis of Latino poverty and a plan of action. Journal of Poverty 4 1: 27-62
18. Duncan, C. M. 1999. Worlds apart: Why poverty persists in rural America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
19. Economic Research Service. 2007. Rural America at a glance: 2007 edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
20. Effland, A., and K. Kassel. 1996. Hispanics in rural America: The influence of immigration and language on economic well-being. Rural minorities in rural areas: Progress and stagnation, 1980-1990, ed. L. L. Swanson, 87-99.Washington, DC: Economic Research Service, USDA. http:// www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer731/aer731h.pdf (last accessed on 28 May 2008).
21. Egan, T. 1998. Lasso the wind: Away to the new West. New York: Knopf.
22. Eggers, M. L., and D. S. Massey. 1991. The structural determinants of urban poverty: A comparison of whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Social Science Research 20 (3): 217-55.
23. England, K. 2008. Welfare provision, welfare reform, welfare mothers. Handbook of political geography, ed. K. Cox, M. Low, and J. Robinson, 141-53. London: Sage.
24. Epp, R., and D. Whitson, eds. 2001. Writing off the rural West: Globalization, governments, and the transformation of rural communities. Edmonton, Canada: University of Alberta Press.
25. Falstad, J. 2007. Upsteady optimism: Layoffs at Bull Mountain in the latest string of troubles. Billings Gazette 4 March. http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/image 43aacd42-cceb-558e-a8f5-67e88561a25c.html (last accessed 12 May 2010).
26. Fitchen, J. M. 1981. Poverty in rural America. Boulder, CO: Westview.
27. Gallaway, L., Vedder, R. 1985.Sufferthelittlechildren:The true casualties of the war on poverty. Economic Committee, U.S. Congress War on Poverty: Victory of Defeat, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Monetary and Fis-cal Policy, 20 June 1985.
28. Ghose, R.2004.Bigskyorbigsprawl?Ruralgentrificationand the changing cultural landscape of Missoula, Montana Urban Geography 25 (6): 528-49.
29. Gibson, J. 1996. The social construction of whiteness in ShellcrackerHaven,Florida.HumanOrganization55(4): 379-89.
30. Gilmore, R. W. 2002. Fatal couplings of power and difference: Notes on racism and geography. The Professional Geographer 54 (1): 15-24.
31. Glasmeier, A. K. 2002. One nation, pulling apart: The basis of persistent poverty in the USA. Progress in Human Geography 26 (2): 155-73.
32. Goode, J., and J. Maskovsky, eds. 2001. New poverty studies. New York: New York University Press.
33. Goodman, D., and M. Redclift. 1991. Refashioning nature. London and New York: Routledge.
34. Goodman, D., and M. Watts. 1997. Globalising food. London and New York: Routledge.
35. Graetz, R., and S. Graetz. 2003. Rollin' down the musselshell. Billings Gazette 1 November. http://www.billingsgazette. com/news/features/magazine/article 83c09652-c3f2-55f4-937d-5ac44252a50e.html (last accessed 12 May 2010).
36. Hall, S. 1985. Signification, representation, ideology: Althusser and the post-structuralist debates. Critical Studies in Mass Communication 2:91-114.
37. Hall, S. 1988. The hard road to renewal: Thatcherism and the crisis of the left. London: Verso.
38. Hart, G. 2002. Disabling globalization: Places of power in post-apartheid South Africa. Berkeley: University of Californian Press.
39. Hart, G. 2007. Changing concepts of articulation: The political stakes in South Africa today. Review of African Political Economy 111:85-101.
40. Harvey, D. 2003. The new imperialism. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
41. Hess-Biber, S., and P. Leavy. 2006. The practice of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
42. Jackson, P. 1991. Mapping meanings: A cultural critique of locality studies. Environment and Planning A 23:215-28.
43. Jarosz, L., and V. Lawson. 2002. "Sophisticated people versus rednecks": Economic restructuring and class difference in America's West. Antipode 35 (4): 823-28.
44. Jarosz, L., and J. Qazi. 2000. The geography of Washington's world apple: Global expressions in a local landscape. Journal of Rural Studies 16 (1): 1-11.
45. Jolliffe, D. 2002. Rural poverty at record low in 2000. Rural America 17 (4): 74-77.
46. Jones, J. P., and J. E. Kodras. 1990. Restructured regions and families: The feminization of poverty in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 80 (2): 163-83.
47. Kandel, W., Cromartie. J. 2004. New patterns of Hispanic settlement in rural America. ERS Research Brief, USDA Economic Research Service, Washington, DC.
48. Katz, C. 2004. Growing up global: Economic restructuring and children's everyday lives. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
49. Lawson, V., L. Jarosz, and A. Bonds. 2008. Building economies from the bottom up: (Mis)representations of poverty in the rural American Northwest. Social and Cultural Geography 9 (7): 737-53.
50. Lawson, V., L. Jarosz, M. Reitman, and A. Bonds. Forthcoming.Reinterpretinggeographiesofpovertyandinequality in the American Northwest. Rural gentrification, ed. M. Phillips. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
51. Limerick, P. 1987. The legacy of conquest: The unbroken past of the American West. New York: Norton.
52. Lobao, L. M., and M. D. Schulman. 1991. Farming patterns, rural restructuring, and poverty: A comparative regional analysis. Rural Sociology 56 (4): 565-602.
53. Lyson, T., and W. Falk, eds. 1993. Forgotten places: Uneven development in rural America. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
54. Marsden, T., P. Lowe, and S. Whatmore. 1990. Rural restructuring: Global processes and their responses. London: David Fulton.
55. Massey, D. 1991. The political place of locality studies. Environment and Planning A 23:267-81.
56. Massey, D. 1994. Space, place and gender. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
57. Massey, D. 2005 For space. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
58. McGlade, M. 2002. Mexican farm labor networks and population increase in the Pacific Northwest. Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 64:28-54.
59. McGranahan, D., and T. Wojan. 2007. The creative class: A key to rural growth. Amber Waves. USDA Economic Research Service. www.ers.usda.gov/Amber Waves/Apri107/Features/Creative.htm (last accessed 10 October 2007).
60. Milbourne, P. 2004. Rural poverty: Marginalization and exclusion in Britain and the United States. London and New York: Routledge.
61. Mitchell, D. 1998. Writing the western: New Western history's encounter with landscape. Ecumene 5 1:7-29.
62. Nelson, P. B., and W. Beyers. 1998. Using economic base models to explain new trends in rural income. Growth and Change 29:321-24.
63. Nord, M. 1994. Natural resources and persistent rural poverty: In search of the nexus. Society and Natural Resources 7 (3): 205-20.
64. Oberhauser, A. M. 1995. Towards a gendered regional geography: Women and work in rural Appalachia. Growth and Change 26 (2): 217-44.
65. O'Connor, A. 2001. Poverty knowledge: Social science, social policy, and the poor in twentieth century U.S. history Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
66. Pancake, A. 1998. Past (im)perfect and the present progressive: Time in American's class conciousness. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of English, University of Washington, Seattle.
67. Patton, M. 1990. Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
68. Peck, J. 2001. Workfare states. New York: Guilford.
69. Percy-Smith, J. 2000. Policy responses to social exclusion: Towards inclusion? Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
70. Power, T.M. 1996. Lostlandscapesandfailedeconomies.Washington, DC: Island Press.
71. Pratt, A. C. 1991. Discourses of locality. Environment and Planning A 23:257-66.
72. Pred, A., and M. Watts. 1994. Reworking modernity: Capitalisms and symbolic miscontent. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
73. Pulido, L. 2000. Rethinking environmental racism: White privilegeandurbandevelopmentinSouthernCalifornia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 90 (1): 12-40.
74. Ramsay, M. 1996. Community, culture and economic development. Albany: State University Press of New York.
75. Ramsey, D., and J. Everitt. 2001. Post-Crow farming in Manitoba: An analysis of the wheat and hog sectors. Writing off the rural West: Globalization, governments, and the transformation of rural communities, ed. R. Epp and D. Whitson, 3-20. Edmonton, Canada: University of Alberta Press.
76. Rasker, R. 1998. The new challenge: People, commerce, and the environment in the Yellowstone to Yukon Region. Bozeman, MT: The Wilderness Society.
77. Rasker, R., Alexander, B. 1997.Thenewchallenge:People, commerce and the environment in the Yellowstone to Yukon Region. Washington, DC: The Wilderness Society.
78. Regional Economic Information System. 1990. Table CA2 total full-time and part-time employment by SIC industry. Washington, DC: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce. http://www.bea.gov/regional/reis/action.cfm (last ac-cessed 12 May 2010).
79. Rasker, R., Alexander, B. 2000. Table CA2 total full-time and part-time employment by SIC industry. Washington, DC: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce. http://www.bea.gov/regional/reis/action.cfm (last accessed 12 May 2010).
80. Rochin, R. I. 1995. Rural Latinos: Evolving conditions and issues. The changing countryside, ed. E. N. Castle, 286302. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas State.
81. Rodriguez, C. 2000. Changing race: Latinos, the Census, and the history of ethnicity in the United States. New York: New York University Press.
82. Rudzitis, G. 1993. Nonmetropolitan geography: Migration, sense of place, and the American West. Urban Geography 14:574-85.
83. Ryan, W. 1974. Blaming the victim: Ideology serves the establishment. In The poverty establishment, ed. P. Roby, 171-79. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
84. Sachs, C. 1996. Gendered fields: Rural women, agriculture and environment. Boulder, CO: Westview.
85. Schram, S. 2000. After welfare: The culture of postindustrial social policy. New York: New York University Press.
86. Schwarz, J. E., and T. J. Volgy. 1992. The forgotten Americans. New York: Norton.
87. Scott, S. L. 1995. Two sides to everything: The cultural construc-tion of class consciousness in Harlan County, Kentucky. Albany: State University of New York Press.
88. Shaw, W. 1996. The geography of United States poverty. London: Garland.
89. Thackeray, L. 2002. Central Montana gets more bad drought news. Billings Gazette 1 August. http://billingsgazette. com/news/local/article cef8ba8a-e372-5c04-aca7e79f769aeaee.html (last accessed 12 May 2010).
90. Toole, K. 1957. Montana: An uncommon land. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
91. Toole, R. 1959. Montana: An uncommon land. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
92. Townsend, P. 1987. Deprivation Journal of Social Policy 16 (2): 125-46.
93. U.S. Census Bureau. 1990. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/ (last accessed 12 May 2010).
94. Townsend, P. Census Bureau. 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/ (last accessed 12 May 2010).
95. U.S. Department of Labor. 2000. Findings from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS) 1997-1998: A demographic and employment profile of United States farmworkers. Research Report No. 8, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, Office of Program Economics, Washington, DC.
96. Watkins, E. 1993. Throwaways: Work, culture, and consumer education. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
97. Watts, M. 1983. Silent violence: Food, famine and peasantry in northern Nigeria. Berkeley: University of California Press.
98. White, R.1996."Areyouanenvironmentalistordoyouwork for a living?" Uncommon ground, ed. W. Cronon, 171-85. New York: Norton.
99. Wilmsen, C. 2007. Maintaining the environmental-racial orderinnorthernNewMexico.EnvironmentandPlanning D: Society and Space 25:236-57.
100. Wilson, D. 2005. Inventing black on black violence: Discourse, space and representation. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
101. Wilson, R. Forthcoming. Landscapes of promise and betrayal: Reclamation, homesteading, and Japanese American incarceration. Annals of the Association of American Geographers.
102. Wilson, W. J. 1987. The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
103. Woods, M. 2007. Engaging the global countryside: Globalization, hybridity and the reconstitution of rural places. Progress in Human Geography 31 (4): 485-507.
104. Wyckoff, W. 2006. On the road again: Montana's changing landscape. Seattle: University of Washington Press.