Landscapes of promise and betrayal: Reclamation, homesteading, and Japanese American incarceration

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

Volumn 101, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 424-444

  Wilson, Robert ^a  

^a SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Homesteading; Incarceration; Japanese Americans; Landscape; Whiteness

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL LAND; ARID ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY; IRRIGATION; LAND RECLAMATION;

KLAMATH BASIN; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79952397692     PISSN: 00045608     EISSN: 14678306     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2010.545291     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Abbott, C. 1994. The federal presence. In The Oxford history of the American West. ed. C. A. Milner, II, C. A. O'Connor, and M. A. Sandweiss, 469-500. New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Alien camp set-up change announced. 1942. Klamath New. 14 February:2.
3. Anderson, K. 1991. Vancouver's Chinatown: Racial discourse in Canada, 1875-1980. Montreal and Kingston, ON, Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press.
4. Anderson, K. 2008. "Race" in post-universalist perspective. Cultural Geographie. 15:155-71.
5. Army mulling Tule Lake Jap camp program. 1942. Klamath New. 10 April:1.
6. Associated Press. 2006. House passes bill to preserve 10 camps of internment. New York Time. 6 December. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/06/us/06camps.html?scp=4&sq=japanese+internment&st=nyt (last accessed 11 January 2011).
7. Bonnett, A. 1997. Geography, "race" and whiteness: Invisible traditions and current challenges. Are. 29 (3): 193-99.
8. Bonnett, A. 2000. White identities: Historical and international perspectives. Harlow, UK: Prentice-Hall.
9. Branam, R. L. 1947. Opportunity knocks again. The Reclamation Er. April:87-89.
10. Brazil, E. 2001. Klamath livelihoods wither water shutoff along Oregon border takes toll on farmers. San Francisco Chronicl. 16 July. http://www.sfgate.com/cgibin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2001/07/16/MN231445.DTL (last accessed 11 January 2011).
11. Bureau of Biological Survey General Correspondence, 1890-1956. Box 152, RG 22. National Archives and Record Administration, College Park, MD.
12. Burton, J. F., M.M. Farrell, F. B. Lord, and R. W. Lord. 2002. Confinement and ethnicity: An overview of World War II Japanese American relocation sites. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
13. Cannon, B. Q. 2009. Reopening the frontier: Homesteading in the modern West. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
14. Cassmore, O. 1947a. Gold mine in the sky. The Reclamation Er. February:25-29.
15. Cannon, B. Q. 1947b. Spotlight on the pioneers. The Reclamation Er. November:237-39.
16. Chamber of Commerce unit opposed to establishment of Jap camp at Tule Lake. 1942. Klamath New. 11 April:1.
17. Daniels, R. 1986. Western reaction to the relocated Japanese Americans: The case of Wyoming. In Japanese Americans: From relocation to redress, ed. R. Daniels, S. C. Taylor, and H. H. L. Kitano, 112-16. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
18. Daniels, R, ed. 1989. American concentration camps. Vol. 4. New York: Garland.
19. Daniels, R, ed. 2004. Prisoners without trial: Japanese Americans in World War II. New York: Hill &Wang.
20. Daniels, R, ed. 2005. Words do matter: A note on inappropriate terminology and the incarceration of the Japanese Americans. In Nikkei in the Pacific Northwest: Japanese Americans & Japanese Canadians in the twentieth century, ed. L. Fiset and G. M. Nomura, 190-214. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
21. Delaney, D. 2002. The space that race makes. The Professional Geographe. 54 (1): 6-14.
22. Dower, J. W. 1986. War without mercy: Race and power in the Pacific War. New York: Pantheon.
23. Editorial:Weekend roundup. 1942. KlamathNew. 12 April:4.
24. Eisenhower, M. 1974. The president is calling. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
25. Enemy alien farm camp sought. 1942. KlamathNew. 12 February: 1.
26. Fiege, M. 1999. Irrigated Eden: The making of an agricultural landscape in the American West. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
27. Foote, K. E. 2003. Shadowed ground: America's landscapes of violence and tragedy. Rev. ed. Austin: University of Texas Press.
28. Fugita, S. S., and M. Fernandez. 2004. Altered lives, enduring community: Japanese Americans remember their World War II incarceration. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
29. Gordon, L., and G. Y. Okihiro. 2006. Impounded: Dorthea Lange and the censored images of Japanese American internment. New York: Norton.
30. Gregory, J. 1989. American exodus: The Dust-Bowl migration and Okie culture in California. New York: Oxford University Press.
31. Herald and News. 1944. 13 July:4.
32. Hibbard, B. H. 1924. A history of the public land policies. New York: Macmillan.
33. Hurst, B. 2002. Calamity in Klamath: Meet some Americans patriots that are being sacrificed for suckers. The American Enterpris. October-November: 28-29.
34. Ignatiev, N. 1995. How the Irish became white. London and New York: Routledge.
35. Isenberg, A. 2005. Mining California: An ecological history. New York: Hill & Wang.
36. Ishizuka, K. 2006. Lost and found: Reclaiming the Japanese American incarceration. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
37. J. Clark Salyer Papers. Western History/Genealogy Collection. Denver Public Library, Denver, CO.
38. Jap camp objection list ordered Sunday in South End; resolutions planned. 1942. Klamath New. 12 April:1.
39. Jehl, D. 2001. Cries of save the suckerfish rile farmers' allies. New York Time. 20 June. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/20/us/cries-of-save-the-suckerfish-rile-farmerspolitical-allies.html?scp=1&sq=cries%20of%20save% 20the%20sucker%20fish&st=cse (last accessed 11 January 2011).
40. Kahima, T. 2003. Judgment without trial: Japanese American imprisonment during World War II. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
41. Kobayashi, A. 2004. Critical "race" approaches to cultural geography. In A companion to cultural geography, ed. J. S. Duncan, N. C. Johnson, and R. H. Schein, 238-49. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
42. Kobayashi, A., and L. Peake. 2000. Racism out of place: Thoughts on whiteness and an antiracist geography in the new millennium. Annals of the Association of American Geographer. 90 (2): 392-403.
43. Kunkel, M., and L. Juillerat. 2002. The thanks of a grateful nation: Veterans and homesteading on the Klamatch federal reclamation project. Journal of the Shaw Historical Societ. 17:134-50.
44. Langston, N. 2003. Where land and water meet: A western landscape transformed. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
45. Lawson, V., L. Jarosz, and A. Bonds. 2010. Articulations of place, poverty and race: Dumping grounds and unseen grounds in the rural American Northwest. Annals of the Association of American Geographer. 100(3):655-77.
46. Lillquist, K. 2007. Imprisoned in the desert: The geography of World War II-era, Japanese American relocation centers in the Western United States. Ellensburg: Geography and Land Studies Department, CentralWashington University. http://www.cwu.edu/~geograph/faculty/lillquistfiles/pubs/ja relocation/covercontentfigs.pdf (last accessed 11 January 2011).
47. Malheur farmers ask Jap evacuees. 1942. Klamath New. 12 May:2.
48. McCarthy, J., and E. Hague. 2004. Race, nation, and nature: The cultural politics of "Celtic" identification in the American West. Annals of the Association of American Geographer. 94 (2): 387-408.
49. Mettler, S. 2005. Soldiers to citizens: The G.I. Bill and the making of the greatest generation. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
50. Mitchell, D. 1996. The lie of the land: Migrant workers and the California landscape. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
51. Mitchell, D. 2000. Cultural geography: A critical introduction. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
52. Most, S. 2006. River of renewal:Myth and history in the Klamath Basin. Portland and Seattle: Oregon Historical Society Press and University of Washington Press.
53. Murray, K. A. 1959. The Modocs and their war. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
54. Nelson, L. 2008. Racialized landscapes: Whiteness and the struggle over farmworker housing inWoodburn, Oregon. Cultural Geographie. 15:41-62.
55. Ng, F., ed. 1995. Alien land laws. Vol. 1. The Asian American encyclopedia. New York: Marshall Cavendish.
56. Okihiro, G. 2001. The Columbia guide to Asian American history. New York: Columbia University Press.
57. Oppose Jap camp. 1942. Klamath New. 22 February:4.
58. Palmer, E. J. 1947. Veteran assistance at Minidoka. The Reclamation Er. December:252-63.
59. Pisani, D. J. 1984. From family farm to agribusiness: The irrigation crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931. Berkeley: University of California.
60. Pisani, D. J. 1992. To reclaim a divided west: Water, law, and public policy, 1848-1902. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.
61. Pisani, D. J. 2002. Water and American government: The Reclamation Bureau, national water policy, and the West, 1902-1935. Berkeley: University of California Press.
62. Pisani, D. J. 2003. Federal reclamation and the American West in the twentieth century. Agricultural Histor. 77 (3): 391-419.
63. Records of theWar Relocation Authority, 41.130. Headquarters Subject-Classified General Files, Record Group 210: Records of theWar Relocation Authority. National Archives, Washington, DC.
64. Reisner, M. 1986. Cadillac Desert: The American West and its disappearing water. New York: Penguin Books.
65. Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. 1997. Personal justice denied. Washington, DC, and Seattle: The Civil Liberties Public Education Fund and University of Washington Press.
66. Robbins, W. 1997. Landscapes of promise: The Oregon story, 1800-1940. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
67. Schein, R. H. 1997. The place of landscape: A conceptual framework for interpreting an American scene. Annals of the Association of American Geographer. 87 (4): 660-80.
68. Schein, R. H. 2002. Race, racism, and geography: Introduction. The Professional Geographe. 54 (1): 1-5.
69. Schein, R. H. 2003. Normative dimensions of landscape. In Everyday America: Cultural landscape studies after J. B. Jackson, ed. C. Wilson and P. Groth, 199-218. Berkeley: University of California Press.
70. Schein, R. H. 2006a. Landscape and race in the United States. London and New York: Routledge.
71. Schein, R. H. 2006b. Race and landscape in the United States. In Landscape and race in the United States, ed. R. H. Schein, 1-23. London and New York: Routledge.
72. Scott, J. C. 1998. Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
73. Scott, J. S. 2003. New Deal public works at war: The WPA and Japanese American internment. PacificHistorical Revie. 27 (1): 63-92.
74. Stern, T. 1966. The Klamath tribe: A people and their reservation. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
75. Tateishi, J. 1984. And justice for all: An oral history of the Japanese American detention camps. New York: Random House.
76. Thye, C. J. 1947. Homes for veterans. The Reclamation Er. May:103-05.
77. Tulelake chamber opposes Japanese evacuation camp. 1942. Klamath New. 14 April:1.
78. Turner, S. 2002. The years of harvest: A history of the Tule Lake basin. 3rd ed. Eugene, OR: Spencer Creek Press.
79. Wants alien camp. 1942. Klamath New. 19 February:1.
80. Western, J. 1996. Outcast Cape Town. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.
81. White House okays plan to recruit Japs for Malheur. 1942. Klamath New. 15 May:5.
82. White, R. 1991. "It's your misfortune and none of my own": A new history of the American West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
83. Williamson, T. B. 1947. History of the 1946 land opening on the Tule Lake division of the Klamath Project. Sacramento, CA: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Region II.
84. Wilson, R. M. 2002. Directing the flow:Migratory waterfowl, scale, and mobility inWestern North America. Environmental Histor. 7 (2): 247-66.
85. Wilson, R. M. 2010. Seeking refuge: Birds and landscapes of the pacific flyway. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
86. Winders, J. 2003. White in all the wrong places:White rural poverty in the postbellum US South. Cultural Geographie. 10:45-63.
87. Worster, D. 1985. Rivers of empire: Water, aridity, and the growth of the American West. New York: Pantheon.