Is maternal progesterone actually independent of the fetal steroids?

Physiological Research

Volumn 59, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 211-224

  Hill, M ^a   Parzek A ^b   Jirásek, J E ^c   Jirkovska M ^b   Velikova M ^a   Duskova M ^a   Klimkova M ^b   Paskova A ^b   Zizka Z ^b   Germanova A ^b   Koucky M ^b   Kalousova M ^b   Starka L ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

^b CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^c INSTITUTE FOR THE CARE OF MOTHER AND CHILD   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

20 dihydroprogesterone; GC MS; Labor; Metabolome; Plasma; Progesterone; Steroids

Indexed keywords

15 HYDROXYPROSTAGLANDIN DEHYDROGENASE; 3 (OR 17) BETA HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; 3 (OR 17)-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; 3(OR 17)BETA HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; AKR1C3 PROTEIN, HUMAN; DIHYDROXYDYDROGESTERONE; DRUG DERIVATIVE; DYDROGESTERONE; ESTRADIOL; HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PROGESTERONE; STERYL SULFATASE;

ADRENAL GLAND; ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOSYNTHESIS; BLOOD; FEMALE; FETUS BLOOD; HUMAN; LABOR ONSET; METABOLISM; PREGNANCY; UMBILICAL VEIN;

17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES; 3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES; ADRENAL GLANDS; ADULT; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; DYDROGESTERONE; ESTRADIOL; FEMALE; FETAL BLOOD; HUMANS; HYDROXYPROSTAGLANDIN DEHYDROGENASES; LABOR ONSET; PREGNANCY; PROGESTERONE; STERYL-SULFATASE; UMBILICAL VEINS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77953988089     PISSN: 08628408     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Andersson S, Moghrabi N: Physiology and molecular genetics of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Steroids 62: 143-147, 1997.
2. Antonipillai I, Murphy BE: Serum oestrogens and progesterone in mother and infant at delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 84: 179-185, 1977.
3. AraI K, Yanaihara T: Steroid hormone changes in fetal blood during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 127: 879-883, 1977.
4. Barnes RJ, Nathanielsz PW, Rossdale PD, Comline RS, Silver M: Plasma progestagens and oestrogens in fetus and mother in late pregnancy. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 23: 617-623, 1975.
5. Billiards SS, Nguyen PN, Scheerlinck JP, Phillips DJ, Canny BJ, Walker DW, Hirst JJ: Hypoxia potentiates endotoxin-induced allopregnanolone concentrations in the newborn brain. Biol Neonate 90: 258-267, 2006.
6. Boguslawski W: Cytochrome P-450 and steroidogenic activities of the human placental mitochondria. J Steroid Biochem 18: 771-775, 1983.
7. Bonenfant M, Provost PR, Drolet R, Tremblay Y: Localization of type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA and protein in syncytiotrophoblasts and invasive cytotrophoblasts in the human term villi. J Endocrinol 165: 217-222, 2000.
8. Booth M, EL-Garf TA: Plasma progesterone concentration during the third trimester of diabetic pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 81: 768-776, 1974.
9. Braunstein GD: Endocrinology of the life span. In: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. PR Larsen (ed.), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2003, 799 pp.
10. Buster JE, Chang RJ, Preston DL, Elashoff RM, Cousins LM, Abraham GE, Hobel CJ, Marshall JR: Interrelationships of circulating maternal steroid concentrations in third trimester pregnancies. I. C21 steroids: progesterone, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, delta 5-pregnenolone, delta 5-pregnenolone sulfate, and 17-hydroxy delta 5-pregnenolone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48: 133-138, 1979.
11. Carr BR, Simpson ER: Cholesterol synthesis in human fetal tissues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 55: 447-452, 1982.
12. Coats P, Walker E, Youssefnejadian E, Craft IL: Variations in plasma steroid and prostaglandin concentrations during human pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 56: 453-457, 1977.
13. Csapo AI, Knobil E, Van Der Molen HJ, WIEST WG: Peripheral plasma progesterone levels during human pregnancy and labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 110: 630-632, 1971.
14. Dawood MY: Circulating maternal serum progesterone in high-risk pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 125: 832-840, 1976.
15. Donaldson A, Nicolini U, Symes EK, Rodeck CH, Tannirandorn Y: Changes in concentrations of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and progesterone in fetal and maternal serum during pregnancy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 35: 447-451, 1991.
16. Drolet R, Simard M, Plante J, Laberge P, Tremblay Y: Human type 2 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA and protein distribution in placental villi at mid and term pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 5: 30, 2007.
17. Ellis MJ, Livesey JH, Inder WJ, Prickett TC, Reid R: Plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone and unconjugated estriol in human pregnancy: gestational patterns and ability to predict preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186: 94-99, 2002.
18. Escarcena L, Clark H, Gurpide E: Contribution of maternal circulation to blood-borne progesterone in the fetus. I. Studies on human subjects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 130: 462-465, 1978.
19. Farquharson RG, Klopper AI: Progesterone concentrations in maternal and fetal blood. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 91: 133-137, 1984.
20. Gilbert Evans SE, Ross LE, Sellers EM, Purdy RH, Romach MK: 3alpha-reduced neuroactive steroids and their precursors during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Gynecol Endocrinol 21: 268-279, 2005.
21. Goland RS, Jozak S, Warren WB, Conwell IM, Stark RI, Tropper PJ: Elevated levels of umbilical cord plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone in growth-retarded fetuses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77: 1174-1179, 1993.
22. Hagen DR, Houtz SK, Griel LC Jr, Kavanaugh JF: Concentrations of progesterone in arterial and venous plasma of fetal pigs and their dams in late gestation. Biol Reprod 29: 919-923, 1983.
23. Havlíková H, Hill M, Hampl R, Stárka L: Sex-and age-related changes in epitestosterone in relation to pregnenolone sulfate and testosterone in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 2225-2231, 2002.
24. Hercz P, Ungar L, Siklos P: Perinatal progesterone in maternal-fetoplacental system during mature and premature deliveries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 67: 233-235, 1988.
25. Hill M, Cibula D, Havlíková H, Kancheva L, Fait T, Kancheva R, Pařízek A, Stárka L: Circulating levels of pregnanolone isomers during the third trimester of human pregnancy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 105: 166-175, 2007.
26. Hirst JJ, Yawno T, Nguyen P, Walker DW: Stress in pregnancy activates neurosteroid production in the fetal brain. Neuroendocrinology 84: 264-274, 2006.
27. Hirst JJ, Palliser HK, Yates DM, Yawno T, Walker DW: Neurosteroids in the fetus and neonate: potential protective role in compromised pregnancies. Neurochem Int 52: 602-610, 2008.
28. Hobel CJ, Dunkel-Schetter C, Roesch SC, Castro LC, Arora CP: Maternal plasma corticotropinreleasing hormone associated with stress at 20 weeks' gestation in pregnancies ending in preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 180: S257-S263, 1999.
29. Kawamura E, Hashino M, Akiyama T, Kosaki T, Yanaihara T, Nakayama T, Mori H, YAMAGUCHI T: Serum concentrations of delta 5C21 steroids during pregnancy and at delivery (in Japanese). Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 65: 42-54, 1989.
30. Kenny FM, Angsusingha K, Stinson D, Hotchkiss J: Unconjugated estrogens in the perinatal period. Pediatr Res 7: 826-831, 1973.
31. Keresztes P, Ayers JW, Menon KM, Romani T: Comparison of peripheral, uterine and cord estrogen and progesterone levels in laboring and nonlaboring women at term. J Reprod Med 33: 691-694, 1988.
32. Komatsuzaki K, Kosaki T, Hashino M, Yanaihara T, Nakayama T, Mori H: [Metabolism of pregnenolone sulfate in feto-placental unit]. Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 39: 1095-1102, 1987.
33. Laatikainen T, Pelkonen J, Apter D, Ranta T: Fetal and maternal serum levels of steroid sulfates, unconjugated steroids, and prolactin at term pregnancy and in early spontaneous labor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 50: 489-494, 1980.
34. Li Y, Isomaa V, Pulkka A, Herva R, Peltoketo H, Vihko P: Expression of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, P450 aromatase, and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1, 2, 5 and 7 mRNAs in human early and mid-gestation placentas. Placenta 26: 387-392, 2005.
35. Lofgren M, Backstrom T: High progesterone is related to effective human labor. Study of serum progesterone and 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione in normal and abnormal deliveries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 76: 423-430, 1997.
36. Luisi S, Petraglia F, Benedetto C, Nappi RE, Bernardi F, Fadalti M, Reis FM, Luisi M, Genazzani AR: Serum allopregnanolone levels in pregnant women: changes during pregnancy, at delivery, and in hypertensive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 2429-2433, 2000.
37. Macdonald PC, Cutrer S, Macdonald SC, Casey ML, Parker CR JR: Regulation of extraadrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase activity. Increased conversion of plasma progesterone to deoxycorticosterone during estrogen treatment of women pregnant with a dead fetus. J Clin Invest 69: 469-478, 1982.
38. Mathur RS, Landgrebe S, Moody LO, Powell S, Williamson HO: Plasma steroid concentrations in maternal and umbilical circulation after spontaneous onset of labor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 51: 1235-1238, 1980.
39. Mclean M, Bisits A, Davies J, Woods R, Lowry P, Smith R: A placental clock controlling the length of human pregnancy. Nat Med 1: 460-463, 1995.
40. Miller WL: Steroid hormone biosynthesis and actions in the materno-feto-placental unit. Clin Perinatol 25: 799-817, v, 1998.
41. Moghrabi N, Head JR, Andersson S: Cell type-specific expression of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human placenta and fetal liver. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82: 3872-3878, 1997.
42. Nodwell A, Carmichael L, Fraser M, Challis J, Richardson B: Placental release of corticotrophinreleasing hormone across the umbilical circulation of the human newborn. Placenta 20: 197-202, 1999.
43. O'leary P, Boyne P, Flett P, Beilby J, James I: Longitudinal assessment of changes in reproductive hormones during normal pregnancy. Clin Chem 37: 667-672, 1991.
44. Oszczygiel VA: Pregnandiol and progesterone in the umbilical cord blood in comparison with the level of both hormones in the maternal peripheral blood (in German). Zentralbl Gynakol 97: 307-310, 1975.
45. Pearson Murphy BE, Steinberg SI, HU FY, Allison CM: Neuroactive ring A-reduced metabolites of progesterone in human plasma during pregnancy: elevated levels of 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone in depressed patients during the latter half of pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 5981-5987, 2001.
46. Pepe GJ, Albrecht ED: Actions of placental and fetal adrenal steroid hormones in primate pregnancy. Endocr Rev 16: 608-648, 1995.
47. Runnebaum B, Rabe T: Regulation of human placental progesterone synthesis (in German). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 43 (Suppl 1): 87-92, 1983.
48. Runnebaum B, Stober I, Zander J: Progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 20 beta-dihydroprogesterone in mother and child at birth. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 80: 569-576, 1975.
49. Sagen N, Ulstein M, Romslo I, Stoa KF: Plasma estriol, progesterone, cortisol, placental lactogen and alpha-fetoprotein in a pregnancy with an anencephalic fetus followed from the seventh week till term. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 58: 305-307, 1979.
50. Selcer KW, Difrancesca HM, Chandra AB, Li PK: Immunohistochemical analysis of steroid sulfatase in human tissues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 105: 115-123, 2007.
51. Shanker YG, Rao AJ: Regulation of progesterone biosynthesis in the human placenta by estradiol 17 beta and progesterone. Biochem Mol Biol Int 43: 591-599, 1997.
52. Shaxted EJ, Heyes VM, Walker MP, Maynard PV: Umbilical-cord plasma progesterone in term infants delivered by caesarean section. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 89: 73-76, 1982.
53. Sheehan PM, Rice GE, Moses EK, Brennecke SP: 5 Beta-dihydroprogesterone and steroid 5 beta-reductase decrease in association with human parturition at term. Mol Hum Reprod 11: 495-501, 2005.
54. Smith R: Parturition. N Engl J Med 356: 271-283, 2007.
55. Smith R, Mesiano S, Chan EC, Brown S, Jaffe RB: Corticotropin-releasing hormone directly and preferentially stimulates dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate secretion by human fetal adrenal cortical cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83: 2916-2920, 1998.
56. Soldin OP, Guo T, Weiderpass E, Tractenberg RE, Hilakivi-Clarke L, SOLDIN SJ: Steroid hormone levels in pregnancy and 1 year postpartum using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Fertil Steril 84: 701-710, 2005.
57. Su EJ, Cheng YH, Chatterton RT, Lin ZH, Yin P, Reierstad S, Innes J, Bulun SE: Regulation of 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human placental endothelial cells. Biol Reprod 77: 517-525, 2007.
58. Šulcová J, Hill M, Hampl R, Stárka L: Age and sex related differences in serum levels of unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate in normal subjects. J Endocrinol 154: 57-62, 1997.
59. Torricelli M, Ignacchiti E, Giovannelli A, Merola A, Scarpetti E, Calonaci G, Picciolini E, Florio P, Reis FM, Linton EA, Petraglia F: Maternal plasma corticotrophin-releasing factor and urocortin levels in post-term pregnancies. Eur J Endocrinol 154: 281-285, 2006.
60. Troisi R, Potischman N, Roberts JM, Harger G, Markovic N, Cole B, Lykins D, Siiteri P, Hoover RN: Correlation of serum hormone concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord samples. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12: 452-456, 2003.
61. Tuckey RC: Progesterone synthesis by the human placenta. Placenta 26: 273-281, 2005.
62. Waddell BJ, Pepe GJ, Albrecht ED: Progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20 alpha-OHP) in the pregnant baboon: selective placental secretion of 20 alpha-OHP into the fetal compartment. Biol Reprod 55: 854-859, 1996.
63. Warren WB, Patrick SL, Goland RS: Elevated maternal plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone levels in pregnancies complicated by preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166: 1198-1204; discussion 1204-1207, 1992.
64. Westcott KT, Hirst JJ, Ciurej I, Walker DW, Wlodek ME: Brain allopregnanolone in the fetal and postnatal rat in response to uteroplacental insufficiency. Neuroendocrinology 88: 287-292, 2008.
65. Winkel CA, Snyder JM, Macdonald PC, Simpson ER: Regulation of cholesterol and progesterone synthesis in human placental cells in culture by serum lipoproteins. Endocrinology 106: 1054-1060, 1980.
66. Yawno T, Yan EB, Walker DW, Hirst JJ: Inhibition of neurosteroid synthesis increases asphyxia-induced brain injury in the late gestation fetal sheep. Neuroscience 146: 1726-1733, 2007.