The contribution of neuropsychology to diagnostic assessment in epilepsy

Epilepsy and Behavior

Volumn 18, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 3-12

  Jones Gotman, Marilyn ^a   Smith, Mary Lou ^b   Risse, Gail L ^c   Westerveld, Michael ^d,e,f   Swanson, Sara J ^g   Giovagnoli, Anna Rita ^h   Lee, Tatia ⁱ   Mader Joaquim, Maria Joana ^j   Piazzini, Ada ^k  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d Medical Psychology Associates   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA   (United States)

^f YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^h DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSURGERY   (Italy)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^j FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARANÁ   (Brazil)

^k UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

more..

Author keywords

Assessment; Cognition; Functional neuroimaging; Intracarotid anaesthetic procedure; Language; Memory; Neuropsychology; Tests

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT;

ANESTHESIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN MAPPING; BRAIN REGION; CAROTID ARTERY; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EPILEPSY; HEARING; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; LEARNING; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; MEMORY; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHYSICAL DISABILITY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SEMANTIC MEMORY; VISION; BRAIN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY;

BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; COGNITION; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; MEMORY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS;

EID: 77953912064     PISSN: 15255050     EISSN: 15255069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.02.019     Document Type: Review

References (125)

1. Kimura D. Right temporal-lobe damage: perception of unfamiliar stimuli after damage. Arch Neurol 1963, 8:264-271.
2. Milner B. Brain mechanisms suggested by studies of temporal lobes. Brain mechanisms underlying speech and language 1967, 122-145. Grune & Stratton, New York. C.H. Millikan, F.L. Darley (Eds.).
3. Jones M.K. Imagery as a mnemonic aid after left temporal lobectomy: contrast between material-specific and generalized memory disorders. Neuropsychologia 1974, 12:21-30.
4. Milner B. Advances in neurology. Psychological aspects of focal epilepsy and its neurosurgical management 1975, 299-301. Raven Press, New York. D.P. Purpura, J.K. Penry, R.D. Walter (Eds.).
5. Jones-Gotman M., Milner B. Right temporal-lobe contribution to image-mediated verbal learning. Neuropsychologia 1978, 16(1):61-71.
6. Sass K.J., Spencer D.D., Kim J.H., Westerveld M., Novelly R.A., Lencz T. Verbal memory impairment correlates with hippocampal pyramidal cell density. Neurology 1990, 40:1694-1697.
7. Lencz T., McCarthy G., Bronen RA, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in temporal lobe epilepsy: relationship to neuropathology and neuropsychological function. Ann Neurol 1992, 31:629-637.
8. Hermann B.P., Wyler A.R., Somes G., Berry A.D., Dohan F.C. Pathological status of the mesial temporal lobe predicts memory outcome from left anterior temporal lobectomy. Neurosurgery 1992, 31:652-656.
9. Saling M.M., Berkovic S.F., O'Shea M.F., Dalnins R.M., Darby D.G., Bladin P.F. Lateralization of verbal memory and unilateral hippocampal sclerosis; evidence of task-specific effects. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1993, 15:608-618.
10. Baxendale S.A., Van Paesschen W., Thompson P.J., et al. The relationship between quantitative MRI and neuropsychological functioning in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 1998, 39:158-166.
11. Baxendale S.A., Sisodiya S.M., Thompson P.J., et al. Disproportion in the distribution of gray and white matter: neuropsychological correlates. Neurology 1999, 52:248-252.
12. Wendel J.D., Trenerry M.R., Xu Y.C., et al. The relationship between quantitative T2 relaxometry and memory in nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001, 42:863-868.
13. Loring D.W., Lee G.P., Meador K.J., et al. The intracarotid amobarbital preocedure as a predictor of memory failure following unilateral temporal lobectomy. Neurology 1990, 40:605-610.
14. Wyllie E., Naugle R., Awad I., et al. Intracarotid amobarbital procedure: I. prediction of decreased modality-specific memory scores after temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia 1991, 32:857-864.
15. Chelune G.J., Naugle R.I., Luders H., Awad I.A. Prediction of cognitive change as a function of preoperative ability status among temporal lobectomy patients seen at 6-month follow up. Neurology 1991, 41:399-404.
16. Hermann B.P., Seidenberg M., Haltiner A., Wyler A.R. Relationship of age at onset, chronological age, and adequacy of preoperative performance to verbal memory change after anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia 1995, 36:137-145.
17. Kneebone A.C., Chelune G.J., Dinner D.S., Naugle R.I., Awad I.A. Intracarotid amobarbital procedure as a predictor of material-specific memory change after anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia 1995, 36:857-865.
18. Sawrie S.M., Chelune G.J., Naugle R.I., Lüders H. Empirical methods for assessing meaningful neuropsychological change following epilepsy surgery. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1996, 2:556-564.
19. Martin R.C., Sawrie S.M., Roth D.L., et al. Individual memory change after anterior temporal lobectomy: a base rate analysis using regression-based outcome methodology. Epilepsia 1998, 39(10):1075-1082.
20. Chiaravalloti N.D., Glosser G. Material-specific memory changes after anterior temporal lobectomy as predicted by the intracarotid amobarbital test. Epilepsia 2001, 42:902-911.
21. Baxendale S., Thompson P. Defining meaningful postoperative change in epilepsy surgery patients: measuring the unmeasurable?. Epilepsy Behav 2005, 6:2007-2011.
22. Lezak M., Howieson D., Loring D. Neuropsychological assessment 2004, Oxford University Press, New York. 4th ed.
23. Strauss E., Sherman E., Spreen O. A compendium of neuropsychological tests: administration, norms and commentary 2006, Oxford University Press, New York. 3rd ed.
24. Aldenkamp A.P., Alpherts W.C., Dekker M.J., Overweg J. Neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities in epilepsy. Epilepsia 1990, 31(Suppl 4):S9-S20.
25. Holmes G.L. The long-term effects of seizures on the developing brain: clinical and laboratory issues. Brain Dev 1991, 13:393-409.
26. Mirsky A.F., Anthony B.J., Duncan C.C., Ahearn M.B., Kellam S.G. Analysis of the elements of attention: a neuropsychological approach. Neuropsychol Rev 1991, 2:109-145.
27. Posner M.I., Peterson S.E. The attention systems of the human brain. Ann Rev Neurosci 1990, 13:25-42.
28. Mesulam M. Principles of behavioral and cognitive neurology 2000, Oxford University, New York, New York.
29. Osterrieth P. Le test de copie d'une figure complexe. Arch Psychologie 1944, 30:206-356.
30. Rey A. L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encéphalopathie traumatique. Arch Psychologie 1942, 28:286-340.
31. Benton A.L., Hamsher K.D., Varney N.R., Spreen O. Contributions to neuropsychological assessment 1983, Oxford University Press, New York.
32. Hooper H.E. Hooper Visual Organization Test (VOT) 1983, Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles.
33. James M., Warrington E.K. Visual Object and Space Perception Battery 1991, Thames Valley Test Co, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk.
34. Jones-Gotman M., Smith M.L., Zatorre R.J. Neuropsychological testing for localizing and lateralizing the epileptogenic region. Surgical treatment of the epilepsies 1993, 245-261. Raven Press, New York. 2nd ed. J. Engel (Ed.).
35. Bell B.D., Seidenberg M., Hermann B.P., Douville K. Visual and auditory naming in patients with left or bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2003, 55:29-37.
36. Hamberger M.J., Seidel W.T., McKhann G.M., Perrine K., Goodman R.R. Brain stimulation reveals critical auditory naming cortex. Brain 2005, 128:2742-2749.
37. Hermann B.P., Perrine K., Chelune G.J., et al. Visual confrontation naming following left anterior temporal lobectomy: a comparison of surgical approaches. Neuropsychology 1999, 13:3-9.
38. Zatorre R.J. Perceptual asymmetry on the dichotic fused words test and cerebral speech lateralization determined by the carotid sodium amytal test. Neuropsychologia 1989, 27:1207-1219.
39. Culhane-Shelburne K., Chapieski L., Hiscock M., Glaze D. Executive functions in children with frontal and temporal lobe epilepsy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2002, 8:623-632.
40. Kerns J.G., Cohen J.D., MacDonald A.W., Cho R.Y., Stenger V.A., Carter C.S. Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control. Science 2004, 303:1023-1026.
41. Stuss D.T., Floden D., Alexander M.P., Levine B., Katz D. Stroop performance in focal lesion patients: dissociation of processes and frontal lobe lesion location. Neuropsychologia 2001, 39:771-786.
42. Stroop J.R. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol 1935, 18:643-662.
43. Connors C.K. Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II 2001, Multi Health Systems, Toronto.
44. Army Individual Test Battery. Manual of directions and scoring 1944, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, DC.
45. Stuss D.T., Bisschop S.M., Alexander M.P., Levine B., Katz D., Izukawa D. The Trail Making Test: A study in focal lesion patients. Psychol Assess 2001, 13:230-239.
46. Jones-Gotman M. Localization of lesions by psychological testing. Epilepsia 1991, 32(Suppl 5):41-52.
47. Wagner D.D., Sziklas V., Garver K.E., Jones-Gotman M. Material-specific lateralization of working memory in the medial temporal lobe. Neuropsychologia 2009, 47:112-122.
48. Porteus S.D. Porteus Maze Test. Fifty years' application 1965, The Psychological Corporation, New York.
49. Goel V., Grafman J. Are the frontal lobes implicated in "planning" functions? Interpreting data from the Tower of Hanoi. Neuropsychologia 1995, 35:623-642.
50. Grant D.A., Berg E.A. A behavioral analysis of degreee of impairment and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigle-type card sorting problem. J Exp Psychol 1948, 39:404-411.
51. Milner B. Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting. The role of the frontal lobes. Arch Neurol 1963, 9:90-100.
52. Hermann B.P., Wyler A.R., Richey E.T. Wisconsin card sorting test performance in patients with complex partial seizures of temporal-lobe origin. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1988, 10:467-476.
53. Martin R.C., Sawrie S.M., Gilliam F.G., et al. Wisconsin card sorting performance in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Clinical and neuroanatomical correlates. Epilepsia 2000, 41:1626-1632.
54. DeFilippis N.A., McCampbell E. Manual for the Booklet Category Test 1991, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL.
55. Damasio A.R., Anderson S.W. (2003) The frontal lobes. Clinical neuropsychology 2003, 404-446. Oxford University Press, New York. K.M. Heilman, E. Valenstein (Eds.).
56. Malloy P., Grace J. A review of rating scales for measuring behavior change due to frontal systems damage. Cog Behav Neurol 2005, 18:18-27.
57. Gioia G.A., Isquith P.K., Guy S.C., Kenworthy L. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function 2000, Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz, FL.
58. Grace J., Malloy P.F. Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe): Professional manual 2001, Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz, FL.
59. Corkin S., Milner B., Rasmussen T. Somatosensory thresholds. Arch Neurol 1970, 23:41-58.
60. Annett M. A classification of hand preference by association analysis. Br J Psychol 1970, 61:303-321.
61. Jones-Gotman M. Neuropsychological techniques in the identification of epileptic foci. Epilepsy Res 1992, 87-94. Suppl. 5.
62. Wechsler D. WMS-III. Administration and Scoring Manual. The Psychological Corporation 1997, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, San Antonio.
63. Lee T.M.C., Yip J.T.H., Jones-Gotman M. Memory deficits after resection from left or right anterior temporal lobe in humans: A meta-analytic review. Epilepsia 2002, 43:283-291.
64. Doss R.C., Chelune G.J., Naugle R.I. WMS-III performance in epilepsy patients following temporal lobectomy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004, 10:173-179.
65. Rey A. L'examen clinique en psychologie 1964, Presses Universitaire de France, Paris, Paris.
66. Majdan A., Sziklas V., Jones-Gotman M. Performance of healthy subjects and patients with resection from the anterior temporal lobe on matched tests of verbal and visuoperceptual learning. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1996, 18:416-430.
67. Buschke H., Fuld P.A. Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurol 1974, 24:1019-1025.
68. Fletcher J.M. Memory for verbal and nonverbal stimuli in learning disability subgroups: Analysis by selective reminding. J Exp Child Psychol 1985, 40:244-259.
69. Jones-Gotman M., Zatorre R.J., Olivier A., et al. Learning and retention of words and designs following excision from medial or lateral temporal-lobe structures. Neuropsychologia 1997, 35:963-973.
70. Jones-Gotman M. Psychological evaluation for epilepsy surgery. In: Shorvon S., Dreifuss F.D., Fish D., Thomas D., editors. The treatment of epilepsy. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.; 1996. p. 621-30.
71. Warrington E.K. Recognition memory test 1994, NFER-Nelson, Berkshire.
72. Hermann B.P., Connell B., Barr W.B., Wyler A. The utility of the Warrington Recognition Memory Test for temporal lobe epilepsy: Pre- and postoperative results. J Epilepsy 1995, 8:139-145.
73. Delis D.C., Kramer J., Ober B.A., Kaplan E. The California Verbal Learning Test 1993, Life Science Associates, New York.
74. Djordjevic J., Jones-Gotman M. Psychological testing in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. The treatment of epilepsy 2004, 699-715. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford. 2nd ed. S. Shorvon, E. Perucca, D. Fish, E. Dodson (Eds.).
75. Frisk V., Milner B. The role of the left hippocampal region in the acquisition and retention of story content. Neuropsychologia 1990, 28:349-359.
76. Barr W.B., Chelune G.J., Hermann B.P., et al. The use of figural reproduction tests and measures of nonverbal memory in epilepsy surgery candidates. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1997, 3:435-443.
77. Jones-Gotman M. Right hippocampal excision impairs learning and recall of a list of abstract designs. Neuropsychologia 1986, 24:659-670.
78. Risse G.L., Doss R.C., Hempel A.M. Penovich, PE The performance of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients on verbal and nonverbal selective reminding procedures: pre and postoperative comparisons. Epilepsia 2006, 47(Suppl. 4):102.
79. Helmstaedter C., Pohl C., Hufnagel A., Elger C.E. Visual learning deficits in nonresected patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy. Cortex 1991, 27:547-555.
80. Dade L.A., Jones-Gotman M. Face learning and memory: the twins test. Neuropsychology 2001, 15:525-534.
81. Abrahams S., Pickering A., Polkey C.E., Morris R.G. Spatial memory deficits in patients with unilateral damage to the right hippocampal formation. Neuro-psychologia 1997, 35:11-24.
82. Baxendale S.A., Thompson P.J., Van Paesschen W. A test of spatial memory and its clinical utility in the pre-surgical investigation of temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Neuropsychologia 1998, 36:591-602.
83. Giovagnoli A.R., Erbetta A., Villani F., Avanzini G. Semantic memory in partial epilepsy: verbal and non-verbal deficits and neuroanatomical relationships. Neuropsychologia 2005, 43:1482-1492.
84. Jones-Gotman M., Djordjevic J. Neuropsychological testing in presurgical evaluation. The treatment of epilepsy 2009, 851-863. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford. 3rd ed. S. Shorvon, E. Perucca, J. Engel (Eds.).
85. Branch C., Milner B., Rasmussen T. Intracarotid sodium Amytal for the lateralization of cerebral speech dominance: Observations in 123 patients. J Neurosurg 1964, 21:399-405.
86. Milner B., Branch C., Rasmussen T. Study of short-term memory after intracarotid injection of sodium Amytal. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1962, 87:224-226.
87. Wada J., Rasmussen T. Intracarotid injection of sodium Amytal for the lateralization of cerebral speech dominance: Experimental and clinical observations. J Neurosurg 1960, 17:226-282.
88. Takayama M., Miyamoto S., Ikeda A., et al. Intracarotid propofol test for speech and memory dominance in man. Neurol 2004, 63:510-515.
89. Buchtel H.A., Passaro E.A., Selwa L.M., Deveikis J., Gomez-Hassan D. Sodium methohexital (Brevital) as an anesthetic in the Wada test. Epilepsia 2002, 43:1056-1061.
90. Andelman F., Kipervasser S., Maimon S., Neufeld M., Kramer U., Fried I. Are WADA test results a function of the drug used?. Epilepsia 2008, 49(Suppl 7):155.
91. Jones-Gotman M., Sziklas V., Djordjevic J., et al. Etomidate speech and memory test (eSAM): A new drug and improved intracarotid procedure. Neurol 2005, 65:1723-1729.
92. Jones-Gotman M., Sziklas V., Djordjevic J. Intracarotid amobarbital procedure and etomidate speech and memory test. Can J Neurol Sci 2009, 36(Suppl 2):S51-S54.
93. Loring D.W., Murr A.M., Meador K.J., et al. Wada memory testing and hippocampal volume measurements in the evaluation for temporal lobectomy. Neurol 1993, 43:1789-1793.
94. Perrine K., Westerveld M., Sass K.J., et al. Wada memory disparities predict seizure laterality and postoperative seizure control. Epilepsia 1995, 36:851-856.
95. Bengner T., Haettig H., Merschhemke M., Dehnicke C., Meencke H.J. Memory assessment during the intracarotid amobarbital procedure: Influence of injection order. Neurol 2003, 61:1582-1587.
96. Risse G.L., Gates J.R., Fangman M.D. A reconsideration of bilateral language representation based on the intracarotid amobarbital procedure. Brain Cogn 1997, 33:118-132.
97. Gotman J., Bouwer M.S., Jones-Gotman M. Intracranial EEG study of brain structures affected by internal carotid injection of sodium amobarbital. Neurol 1992, 42:2136-2143.
98. Westerveld M., Zawacki T., Sass K.J., Spencer S.S., Novelly R.A., Spencer D.D. Intracarotid amytal procedure evaluation of hemispheric speech and memory function in children and adolescents. J Epilepsy 1994, 7:295-302.
99. Hamer H.M., Wyllie E., Stanford L., Mascha E., Kotagal P., Wolgamuth B. Risk factors for unsuccessful testing during the intracarotid amobarbital procedure in preadolescent children. Epilepsia 2000, 41:554-563.
100. Lee G.P., Park Y.D., Westerveld M., Hempel L., Blackburn L.B., Loring D.W. Wada memory performance predicts seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery in children. Epilepsia 2003, 44:936-943.
101. Lee G.P., Westerveld M., Blackburn L.B., Park Y.D., Loring D.W. Prediction of verbal memory decline after epilepsy surgery in children: Effectiveness of Wada memory asymmetries. Epilepsia 2005, 46:97-103.
102. Sachs B.C., Gaillard W.D. Organization of language networks in children: functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2003, 3:157-162.
103. Binder J.R., Sabsevitz D.S., Swanson S.J., Hammeke T.A., Raghavan M., Mueller W.M. Use of preoperative functional MRI to predict verbal memory decline after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia 2008, 49:1377-1394.
104. Binder J.R. fMRI could, in principle, replace the Wada Test. Controversies in epilepsy surgery 2006, 342-343. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York. J.W. Miller, D.L. Silbergeld (Eds.).
105. Binder J.R., Achten E., Constable R.T., et al. Functional MRI in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2002, 43(Suppl 1):S51-S63.
106. Papanicolaou A.C., Simos P.G., Breier J.I., et al. Magnetoencephalographic mapping of the language-specific cortex. J Neurosurg 1999, 90:85-93.
107. Papanicolaou A.C., Simos P.G., Castillo E.M., et al. Magnetoencephalography: a noninvasive alternative to the Wada procedure. J Neurosurg 2004, 70:867-876.
108. Doss R.C., Zhang W., Risse G.L., Dickens D.L. Lateralizing language with magnetic source imaging: Validation based on the Wada test. Epilepsia 2009, 50:2242-2248.
109. Hamalainen M., Hari R., Ilmoniemi R.J., Knuutila J., Lounasmaa O.V. Magnetoencephalography: theory, instrumentation, and applications to non-invasive studies of the working human brain. Rev Mod Phys 1993, 65:413-497.
110. Ver Hoef L.W., Sawrie S., Killen J., Knowlton R.C. Left mesial temporal sclerosis and verbal memory: A magnetoencephalography study. J Clin Neurophysiol 2008, 25:1-6.
111. Fletcher J.M., Taylor H.G. Neuropsychological approaches to children: towards a developmental neuropsychology. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1984, 6:39-56.
112. Porter B.E., Judkins A.R., Clancy R.R., Duhaime A., Dlugos D.J., Golden J.A. Dysplasia: A common finding in intractable pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurol 2003, 61:365-368.
113. Duchowny M.S. Developmental lesions in epilepsy. ASIM 2001, 1:147-152.
114. Smith M.L. Presurgical neuropsychological assessment. The neuropsychology of childhood epilepsy 2001, 207-214. Plenum Press, New York. M. Lassonde, I. Jambaque, O. Dulac (Eds.).
115. Fastenau P.S., Johnson C.S., Perkins S.M., et al. Neuropsychological status at seizure onset in children: risk factors for early cognitive deficits. Neurology 2009, 18(73):526-534.
116. Tatum W., French J.A., Faught E., et al. Post marketing experience with topiramate and cognition. Epilepsia 2001, 42:1134-1140.
117. Baker G.A., Goldstein L.H. The dos and don'ts of neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2004, 5(Suppl 1):S77-S80.
118. Motamedi G.K., Meador K.J. Antiepileptic drugs and memory. Epilepsy Behav 2004, 5:435-439.
119. Aldenkamp A.P., Baker G.A. Systematic review of the effects of lamotrigine on cognitive function and quality of life. Epilepsy Behav 2001, 2:85-91.
120. Cramer J.A. ILAE Subcommission on Outcome Measurement in Epilepsy (Camfield C, Carpay H, Helmstaedter C, Langfitt J, Malmgren K, Wiebe S). Principles of health-related quality of life: assessment in clinical trials. Epilepsia 2002, 43:1084-1095.
121. Giovagnoli A., Avanzini G. Quality of life and memory performance in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2000, 101:295-300.
122. Perrine K., Hermann B.P., Meador K.J., et al. The relationship of neuropsychological functioning to quality of life in epilepsy. Arch Neurol 1995, 52:997-1003.
123. Surmeijer T.P., Reuvekamp M.F., Aldenkamp B.P. Social functioning, psychological functioning and quality of life in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001, 42:1160-1168.
124. Wong T.M, Strickland T.L, Fletcher-Janzen E.F, Ardila A, Reynolds C.R. Theoretical and practical issues in the neuropsychological assessment and treatment of culturally dissimilar patients. In Fletcher-Janzen E.F, Strickland T.L, and Reynolds CR, editors. Handbook of cross-cultural neuropsychology. New York: Kluwer Academic, Plenum Publishers; 2000.
125. Pérez-Arce P. The influence of culture on cognition. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1999, 14:581-592.