Advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress and diabetic nephropathy

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 101-108

  Yamagishi, Sho Ichi ^a   Matsui, Takanori ^a  

^a KURUME UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

AGEs; Diabetic nephropathy; Oxidative stress; RAGE; Renin angiotensin system

Indexed keywords

ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS; AGES; BLOOD GLUCOSE; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIABETIC PATIENT; END STAGE RENAL DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY;

BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE; GLUCOSE; MEDICAL PROBLEMS;

OXIDATIVE STRESS;

ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT RECEPTOR; AMLODIPINE; CAPTOPRIL; ENALAPRIL; IRBESARTAN; LOSARTAN; OLMESARTAN; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; ROSIGLITAZONE; TELMISARTAN; TEMOCAPRIL; VALSARTAN;

CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; HUMAN; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES; GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS, ADVANCED; HUMANS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RECEPTORS, IMMUNOLOGIC;

EID: 77953729130     PISSN: 19420900     EISSN: 19420994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.2.11148     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:1047-53.
2. Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P. Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:1145-51.
3. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998; 352:837-53.
4. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:977-86.
5. Yamagishi S, Imaizumi T. Diabetic vascular complications: pathophysiology, biochemical basis and potential therapeutic strategy. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11:2279-99.
6. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:381-9.
7. Writing Team For The Diabetes Control And Complications Trial/Epidemiology Of Diabetes Interventions And Complications Research Group. Sustained effect of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus on development and progression of diabetic nephropathy: the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. JAMA 2003; 290:2159-67.
8. Nathan DM, Lachin J, Cleary P, Orchard T, Brillon DJ, Backlund JY, et al. Intensive diabetes therapy and carotid intima-media thickness in type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:2294-303.
9. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:2643-53.
10. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:1577-89.
11. Brownlee M, Cerami A, Vlassara H. Advanced glycosylation end products in tissue and the biochemical basis of diabetic complications. N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1315-21.
12. Dyer DG, Blackledge JA, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW. Formation of pentosidine during nonenzymatic browning of proteins by glucose. Identification of glucose and other carbohydrates as possible precursors of pentosidine in vivo. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:11654-60.
13. Grandhee SK, Monnier VM. Mechanism of formation of the Maillard protein cross-link pentosidine. Glucose, fructose and ascorbate as pentosidine precursors. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:11649-53.
14. Rahbar S, Figarola JL. Novel inhibitors of advanced glycation endproducts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 419:63-79.
15. Vlassara H, Palace MR. Diabetes and advanced glycation endproducts. J Intern Med 2002; 251:87-101.
16. Yamagishi S, Fukami K, Ueda S, Okuda S. Molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy and its therapeutic intervention. Curr Drug Targets 2007; 8:952-9.
17. Bucala, Cerami A. Advanced glycosylation: chemistry, biology and implications for diabetes and aging. Adv Pharmacol 1992; 23:1-34.
18. Yamagishi S, Nakamura K, Matsui T, Ueda S, Fukami K, Okuda S. Agents that block advanced glycation end products (AGE)-RAGE (receptor for AGEs)-oxidative stress system: a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic vascular complications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:983-96.
19. Yamagishi S, Ueda S, Okuda S. Food-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs): a novel therapeutic target for various disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2007; 13:2832-6.
20. Bierhaus A, Hofmann MA, Ziegler R, Nawroth PP. AGEs and their interaction with AGE-receptors in vascular disease and diabetes mellitus I. The AGE concept. Cardiovasc Res 1998; 37:586-600.
21. Wendt T, Bucciarelli L, Qu W, Lu Y, Yan SF, Stern DM, et al. Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and vascular inflammation: insights into the pathogenesis of macrovascular complications in diabetes. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2002; 4:228-37.
22. Schmidt AM, Stern D. Atherosclerosis and diabetes: the RAGE connection. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2000; 2:430-6.
23. Yamagishi S, Nakamura K, Matsui T. regulation of advanced glycation end product (AGE)-receptor (RAGE) system by PPARgamma agonists and its implication in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2009; 60:174-8.
24. Yamagishi S, Matsui T, Nakamura K. Kinetics, role and therapeutic implications of endogenous soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in diabetes. Curr Drug Targets 2007; 8:1138-43.
25. Tanaka N, Yonekura H, Yamagishi S, Fujimori H, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H. The receptor for advanced glycation end products is induced by the glycation products themselves and tumor necrosis factor-alpha through nuclear factor-kappaB, and by 17beta-estradiol through Sp-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:25781-90.
26. Yamagishi S, Amano S, Inagaki Y, Okamoto T, Takeuchi M, Makita Z. Beraprost sodium, a prostaglandin I2 analogue, protects against advanced gycation end products-induced injury in cultured retinal pericytes. Mol Med 2002; 8:546-50.
27. Bierhaus A, Schiekofer S, Schwaninger M, Andrassy M, Humpert PM, Chen J, et al. Diabetes-associated sustained activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. Diabetes 2001; 50:2792-808.
28. Park L, Raman KG, Lee KJ, Lu Y, Ferran LJ Jr, Chow WS, et al. Suppression of accelerated diabetic atherosclerosis by the soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts. Nat Med 1998; 4:1025-31.
29. Makita Z, Radoff S, Rayfield EJ, Yang Z, Skolnik E, Delaney V, et al. Advanced glycosylation end products in patients with diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:836-42.
30. Galler A, Muller G, Schinzel R, Kratzsch J, Kiess W, Munch G. Impact of metabolic control and serum lipids on the concentration of advanced glycation end products in the serum of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine ELISA. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:2609-15.
31. Monnier VM, Bautista O, Kenny D, Sell DR, Fogarty J, Dahms W, et al. Skin collagen glycation, glycoxidation and crosslinking are lower in subjects with longterm intensive versus conventional therapy of type 1 diabetes: relevance of glycated collagen products versus HbA1c as markers of diabetic complications. DCCT Skin Collagen Ancillary Study Group. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 1999; 48:870-80.
32. Genuth S, Sun W, Cleary P, Sell DR, Dahms W, Malone J, et al. Glycation and carboxymethyllysine levels in skin collagen predict the risk of future 10-year progression of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in the diabetes control and complications trial and epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications participants with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2005; 54:3103-11.
33. Deuther-Conrad W, Franke S, Sommer M, Henle T, Stein G. Differences in the modulating potential of advanced glycation end product (AGE) peptides versus AGE proteins. Kidney Int Suppl 2001; 78:63-6.
34. Sharp PS, Rainbow S, Mukherjee S. Serum levels of low molecular weight advanced glycation end products in diabetic subjects. Diabet Med 2003; 20:575-9. (Pubitemid 36886473)
35. Thomas MC, Tsalamandris C, MacIsaac R, Medley T, Kingwell B, Cooper ME, et al. Low-molecular-weight AGEs are associated with GFR and anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Kidney Int 2004; 66:1167-72. (Pubitemid 39121024)
36. Miyata T, Ueda Y, Horie K, Nangaku M, Tanaka S, van Ypersele de Strihou C, et al. Renal catabolism of advanced glycation end products: the fate of pentosidine. Kidney Int 1998; 53:416-22. (Pubitemid 28097858)
37. Miura J, Yamagishi S, Uchigata Y, Takeuchi M, Yamamoto H, Makita Z, et al. Serum levels of non-carboxymethyllysine advanced glycation endproducts are correlated to severity of microvascular complications in patients with Type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2003; 17:16-21. (Pubitemid 36042787)
38. Bohlender JM, Franke S, Stein G, Wolf G. Advanced glycation end products and the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 289:645-59.
39. Beisswenger PJ, Makita Z, Curphey TJ, Moore LL, Jean S, Brinck-Johnsen T, et al. Formation of immunochemical advanced glycosylation end products precedes and correlates with early manifestations of renal and retinal disease in diabetes. Diabetes 1995; 44:824-9.
40. Soulis-Liparota T, Cooper M, Papazoglou D, Clarke B, Jerums G. Retardation by aminoguanidine of development of albuminuria, mesangial expansion and tissue fluorescence in streptozocin-induced diabetic rat. Diabetes 1991; 40:1328-34.
41. Bouma B, Kroon-Batenburg LM, Wu YP, Brunjes B, Posthuma G, Kranenburg O, et al. Glycation induces formation of amyloid cross-beta structure in albumin. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:41810-9. (Pubitemid 37310441)
42. Silbiger S, Crowley S, Shan Z, Brownlee M, Satriano J, Schlondorff D. Nonenzymatic elevated glucose reduces collagen synthesis and proteoglycan charge. Kidney Int 1993; 43:853-64.
43. Mott JD, Khalifah RG, Nagase H, Shield CF, 3rd, Hudson JK, Hudson BG. Nonenzymatic glycation of type IV collagen and matrix metalloproteinase susceptibility. Kidney Int 1997; 52:1302-12. (Pubitemid 27496059)
44. Brownlee M. Lilly Lecture 1993. Glycation and diabetic complications. Diabetes 1994; 43:836-41.
45. Suzuki D, Miyata T, Saotome N, Horie K, Inagi R, Yasuda Y, et al. Immunohistochemical evidence for an increased oxidative stress and carbonyl modification of proteins in diabetic glomerular lesions. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10:822-32. (Pubitemid 29149533)
46. Yamagishi S, Inagaki Y, Okamoto T, Amano S, Koga K, Takeuchi M, et al. Advanced glycation end product-induced apoptosis and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human-cultured mesangial cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:20309-15. (Pubitemid 34967325)
47. Dworkin LD, Ichikawa I, Brenner BM. Hormonal modulation of glomerular function. Am J Physiol 1983; 244:95-104.
48. Kreisberg JI, Venkatachalam M, Troyer D. Contractile properties of cultured glomerular mesangial cells. Am J Physiol 1985; 249:457-63.
49. Schlondorff D. The glomerular mesangial cell: an expanding role for a specialized pericyte. FASEB J 1987; 1:272-81. (Pubitemid 18034353)
50. De Vriese AS, Tilton RG, Elger M, Stephan CC, Kriz W, Lameire NH. Antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor improve early renal dysfunction in experimental diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12:993-1000. (Pubitemid 32378340)
51. Banba N, Nakamura T, Matsumura M, Kuroda H, Hattori Y, Kasai K. Possible relationship of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 with diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2000; 58:684-90. (Pubitemid 30620017)
52. Ye SD, Zheng M, Zhao LL, Qian Y, Yao XM, Ren A, et al. Intensive insulin therapy decreases urinary MCP-1 and ICAN-1 excretions in incipient diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:980-5.
53. Matsumura T, Yamagishi S, Brownlee M. In Leroith D, Taylor SI, Olefsky JM, Ed., Advanced glycation end products and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Diabetes Mellitus: A Fundamental and Clinical Text. New York, Lippincott-Raven Publishers 2000; 983-91.
54. Yamagishi S, Takeuchi M, Makita Z. In: Tomino Y, Ed, Advanced glycation end products and the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Type-2 diabetic nephropathy in Japan, from bench to bedside. Basel, Karger 2001; 30-5.
55. Wendt TM, Tanji N, Guo J, Kislinger TR, Qu W, Lu Y, et al. RAGE drives the development of glomerulosclerosis and implicates podocyte activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Pathol 2003; 162:1123-37.
56. Yamagishi S, Inagaki Y, Okamoto T, Amano S, Koga K, Takeuchi M. Advanced glycation end products inhibit de novo protein synthesis and induce TGFbeta overexpression in proximal tubular cells. Kidney Int 2003; 63:464-73. (Pubitemid 36126793)
57. Ziyadeh FN, Hoffman BB, Han DC, Iglesias-De La Cruz MC, Hong SW, et al. Long-term prevention of renal insufficiency, excess matrix gene expression, and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion by treatment with monoclonal antitransforming growth factor-beta antibody in db/db diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:8015-20.
58. Yamagishi S, Koga K, Inagaki Y, Amano S, Okamoto T, Takeuchi M. Dilazep hydrochloride, an antiplatelet drug, prevents progression of diabetic nephropathy in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2002; 28:221-7. (Pubitemid 36596886)
59. Raj DS, Choudhury D, Welbourne TC, Levi M. Advanced glycation end products: a Nephrologist's perspective. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35:365-80.
60. Yang CW, Vlassara H, Peten EP, He CJ, Striker GE, Striker LJ. Advanced glycation end products upregulate gene expression found in diabetic glomerular disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91:9436-40. (Pubitemid 24297929)
61. Vlassara H, Striker LJ, Teichberg S, Fuh H, Li YM, Steffes M. Advanced glycation end products induce glomerular sclerosis and albuminuria in normal rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91:11704-8.
62. Tanji N, Markowitz GS, Fu C, Kislinger T, Taguchi A, Pischetsrieder M, et al. Expression of advanced glycation end products and their cellular receptor RAGE in diabetic nephropathy and nondiabetic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:1656-66.
63. Suzuki D, Toyoda M, Yamamoto N, Miyauchi M, Katoh M, Kimura M, et al. Relationship between the expression of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and the receptor for AGE (RAGE) mRNA in diabetic nephropathy. Intern Med 2006; 45:435-41.
64. Yamamoto Y, Kato I, Doi T, Yonekura H, Ohashi S, Takeuchi M, et al. Development and prevention of advanced diabetic nephropathy in RAGE-overexpressing mice. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:261-8.
65. Flyvbjerg A, Denner L, Schrijvers BF, Tilton RG, Mogensen TH, Paludan SR, et al. Long-term renal effects of a neutralizing RAGE antibody in obese type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetes 2004; 53:166-72. (Pubitemid 38044711)
66. Jensen LJ, Denner L, Schrijvers BF, Tilton RG, Rasch R, Flyvbjerg A. Renal effects of a neutralising RAGE-antibody in long-term streptozotocin- diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2006; 188:493-501.
67. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001; 414:813-20. (Pubitemid 34000785)
68. Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes 1999; 48:1-9. (Pubitemid 29019345)
69. Ha H, Hwang IA, Park H, Lee HB. Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 82:42-5.
70. Thallas-Bonke V, Thorpe SR, Coughlan MT, Fukami K, Yap FY, Sourris K, et al. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase prevents AGE mediated damage in diabetic nephropathy through a protein kinase C-{alpha} dependent pathway. Diabetes 2008; 57:460-9.
71. Border WA, Noble NA. Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:1286-92.
72. Yamamoto T, Nakamura T, Noble NA, Ruoslahti E, Border WA. Expression of transforming growth factor beta is elevated in human and experimental diabetic nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:1814-8. (Pubitemid 23069947)
73. Davis BJ, Forbes JM, Thomas MC, Jerums G, Burns WC, Kawachi H, et al. Superior renoprotective effects of combination therapy with ACE and AGE inhibition in the diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rat. Diabetologia 2004; 47:89-97. (Pubitemid 38141944)
74. Zimanyi MA, Denton KM, Forbes JM, Thallas-Bonke V, Thomas MC, Poon F, et al. A developmental nephron deficit in rats is associated with increased susceptibility to a secondary renal injury due to advanced glycation end-products. Diabetologia 2006; 49:801-10.
75. Fukami K, Ueda S, Yamagishi S, Kato S, Inagaki Y, Takeuchi M, et al. AGEs activate mesangial TGFbeta-Smad signaling via an angiotensin II type I receptor interaction. Kidney Int 2004; 66:2137-47.
76. Oldfield MD, Bach LA, Forbes JM, Nikolic-Paterson D, McRobert A, Thallas V, et al. Advanced glycation end products cause epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation via the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). J Clin Invest 2001; 108:1853-63.
77. Tanimoto M, Gohda T, Kaneko S, Hagiwara S, Murakoshi M, Aoki T, et al. Effect of pyridoxamine (K-163), an inhibitor of advanced glycation end products, on type 2 diabetic nephropathy in KK-A(y)/Ta mice. Metabolism 2007; 56:160-7.
78. Forbes JM, Thallas V, Thomas MC, Founds HW, Burns WC, Jerums G, et al. The breakdown of preexisting advanced glycation end products is associated with reduced renal fibrosis in experimental diabetes. FASEB J 2003; 17:1762-4.
79. Tsuchida K, Makita Z, Yamagishi S, Atsumi T, Miyoshi H, Obara S, et al. Suppression of transforming growth factor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic nephropathy in rats by a novel advanced glycation end product inhibitor, OPB-9195. Diabetologia 1999; 42:579-88.
80. Riser BL, Denichilo M, Cortes P, Baker C, Grondin JM, Yee J, et al. Regulation of connective tissue growth factor activity in cultured rat mesangial cells and its expression in experimental diabetic glomerulosclerosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:25-38.
81. Twigg SM, Cao Z, McLennan SV, Burns WC, Brammar G, Forbes JM, et al. Renal connective tissue growth factor induction in experimental diabetes is prevented by aminoguanidine. Endocrinology 2002; 143:4907-15.
82. Roestenberg P, van Nieuwenhoven FA, Wieten L, Boer P, Diekman T, Tiller AM, et al. Connective tissue growth factor is increased in plasma of type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:1164-70.
83. Burns WC, Twigg SM, Forbes JM, Pete J, Tikellis C, Thallas-Bonke V, et al. Connective tissue growth factor plays an important role in advanced glycation end product-induced tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: implications for diabetic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:2484-94.
84. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1456-62.
85. Ravid M, Savin H, Jutrin I, Bental T, Katz B, Lishner M. Long-term stabilizing effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on plasma creatinine and on proteinuria in normotensive type II diabetic patients. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118:577-81.
86. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner P. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:870-8.
87. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:851-60.
88. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, Keane WF, Mitch WE, Parving HH, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:861-9.
89. Fukami K, Yamagishi S, Ueda S, Okuda S. Novel therapeutic targets for diabetic nephropathy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2007; 7:83-92.
90. Leehey DJ, Singh AK, Alavi N, Singh R. Role of angiotensin II in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int Suppl 2000; 77:93-8.
91. Zhang SL, Filep JG, Hohman TC, Tang SS, Ingelfinger JR, Chan JS. Molecular mechanisms of glucose action on angiotensinogen gene expression in rat proximal tubular cells. Kidney Int 1999; 55:454-64.
92. Singh R, Alavi N, Singh AK, Leehey DJ. Role of angiotensin II in glucose-induced inhibition of mesangial matrix degradation. Diabetes 1999; 48:2066-73.
93. Forbes JM, Cooper ME, Thallas V, Burns WC, Thomas MC, Brammar GC, et al. Reduction of the accumulation of advanced glycation end products by ACE inhibition in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2002; 51:3274-82.
94. Thomas MC, Tikellis C, Burns WM, Bialkowski K, Cao Z, Coughlan MT, et al. Interactions between renin angiotensin system and advanced glycation in the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:2976-84.
95. Miyata T, van Ypersele de Strihou C, Ueda Y, Ichimori K, Inagi R, Onogi H, et al. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors lower in vitro the formation of advanced glycation end products: biochemical mechanisms. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13:2478-87.
96. Yamagishi S, Takeuchi M, Inoue H. Olmesartan medoxomil, a newly developed angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, protects against renal damage in advanced glycation end product (age)-injected rats. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2005; 31:45-51.
97. Sebekova K, Gazdikova K, Syrova D, Blazicek P, Schinzel R, Heidland A, et al. Effects of ramipril in nondiabetic nephropathy: improved parameters of oxidatives stress and potential modulation of advanced glycation end products. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 17:265-70.
98. Saisho Y, Komiya N, Hirose H. Effect of valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, on markers of oxidation and glycation in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects: blood pressure-independent effect of valsartan. Diabetes Res Clin Prac 2006; 74:201-3.
99. Chang PC, Chen TH, Chang CJ, Hou CC, Chan P, Lee HM. Advanced glycosylation end products induce inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression via a p38 MAPK-dependent pathway. Kidney Int 2004; 65:1664-75.
100. Yu X, Li C, Li X, Cai L. Rosiglitazone prevents advanced glycation end products-induced renal toxicity likely through suppression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Toxicol Sci 2007; 96:346-56.
101. Tang SC, Leung JC, Chan LY, Tsang AW, Lai KN. Activation of tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy and the role of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma agonist. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:1633-43.
102. Marx N, Walcher D, Ivanova N, Rautzenberg K, Jung A, Friedl R. Thiazolidinediones reduce endothelial expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products. Diabetes 2004; 53:2662-8.
103. Wang K, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Fan L, Forudi F, Zhou X, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma downregulates receptor for advanced glycation end products and inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in a diabetic and nondiabetic rat carotid artery injury model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 31:37-43.
104. Yamagishi S, Matsui T, Nakamura K, Takeuchi M, Inoue H. Telmisartan inhibits advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-elicited endothelial cell injury by suppressing AGE receptor (RAGE) expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation. Protein Pept Lett 2008; 15:850-3.
105. Matsui T, Nakamura K, Takeuchi M, Yamagishi S. Telmisartan blocks advanced glycation end-product (AGE)-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression in endothelial cells through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Lett Drug Des Dis 2008; 5:477-80.
106. Matsui T, Yamagishi S, Ueda S, Nakamura K, Imaizumi T, Takeuchi M, et al. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, inhibits advanced glycation end-product (AGE)-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in mesangial cells through downregulation of receptor for AGEs via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation. J Int Med Res 2007; 35:482-9.
107. Yoshida T, Yamagishi S, Nakamura K, Matsui T, Imaizumi T, Takeuchi M, et al. Telmisartan inhibits AGE-induced C-reactive protein production through downregulation of the receptor for AGE via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation. Diabetologia 2006; 49:3094-9.
108. Yoshida T, Yamagishi S, Matsui T, Nakamura K, Ueno T, Takeuchi M, et al. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, inhibits advanced glycation end-product (AGE)-elicited hepatic insulin resistance via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation. J Int Med Res 2008; 36:237-43.
109. Yamagishi S, Nakamura K, Matsui T. Potential utility of telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma)-modulating activity for the treatment of cardiometabolic disorders. Curr Mol Med 2007; 7:463-9.
110. Ma L, Gao HQ, Li BY, Ma YB, You BA, Zhang FL. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts inhibit vascular cell adhesion molecule expression induced by advanced glycation end products through activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 49:293-8.
111. Matsui T, Yamagishi S, Tekuchi M, Ueda S, Fukami K, Okuda S. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits advanced glycation end product (AGE)-elicited mesangial cell damage by suppressing AGE receptor (RAGE) expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:269-72.
112. Tombran-Tink J, Barnstable CJ. PEDF: a multifaceted neurotrophic factor. Nat Rev Neurosci 2003; 4:628-36.
113. Yamagishi S, Matsui T, Nakamura K, Ueda S, Noda Y, Imaizumi T. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF): Its potential therapeutic implication in diabetic vascular complications. Curr Drug Targets 2008; 9:1025-9.
114. Yoshida Y, Yamagishi S, Matsui T, Jinnouchi Y, Fukami K, Imaizumi T, et al. Protective role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in early phase of experimental diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:678-86.
115. Yamagishi S, Nakamura K, Matsui T, Inagaki Y, Takenaka K, Jinnouchi Y, et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced retinal vascular hyperpermeability by blocking reactive oxygen species-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor expression. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:20213-20.
116. Yamagishi SI, Nakamura K, Matsui T, Yoshida T, Takeuchi M, Imaizumi T. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) blocks advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced angiogenesis in vitro. Horm Metab Res 2007; 39:233-5.
117. Yamagishi S, Matsui T, Nakamura K, Takeuchi M, Imaizumi T. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) prevents diabetes- or advanced glycation end products (AGE)-elicited retinal leukostasis. Microvasc Res 2006; 72:86-90.
118. Yamagishi S, Matsui T, Nakamura K, Yoshida Y, Takeuchi M, Inoue H, Pigment-epithelium-derived factor suppresses expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products in the eye of diabetic rats. Ophthalmic Res 2007; 39:92-7.
119. Yamagishi S, Amano S, Inagaki Y, Okamoto T, Koga K, Sasaki N, et al. Advanced glycation end products-induced apoptosis and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in bovine retinal pericytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 290:973-8.
120. Wang JJ, Zhang SX, Lu K, Chen Y, Mott R, Sato S, et al. Decreased expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2005; 54:243-50.
121. Wang JJ, Zhang SX, Mott R, Knapp RR, Cao W, Lau K, et al. Salutary effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor in diabetic nephropathy: evidence for antifibrogenic activities. Diabetes 2006; 55:1678-85.