Novel mixed-format real-time PCR assay to detect mutations conferring resistance to triazoles in Aspergillus fumigatus and prevalence of multi-triazole resistance among clinical isolates in the Netherlands
Targeted gene disruption of the 14-α sterol demethylase (cyp51A) in Aspergillus fumigatus and its role in azole drug susceptibility
Mellado E, Garcia-Effron G, Buitrago MJ et al. Targeted gene disruption of the 14-α sterol demethylase (cyp51A) in Aspergillus fumigatus and its role in azole drug susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49: 2536-8.
Apointmutation in the 14α-sterol demethylase gene cyp51A contributes to itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus
Diaz-Guerra TM, Mellado E, Cuenca-Estrella M et al. Apointmutation in the 14α-sterol demethylase gene cyp51A contributes to itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47: 1120-4.
Substitutions at methionine 220 in the 14α-sterol demethylase (Cyp51A) of Aspergillus fumigatus are responsible for resistance in vitro to azole antifungal drugs
Mellado E, Garcia-Effron G, Alcazar-Fuoli L et al. Substitutions at methionine 220 in the 14α-sterol demethylase (Cyp51A) of Aspergillus fumigatus are responsible for resistance in vitro to azole antifungal drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 2747-50.
A new Aspergillus fumigatus resistance mechanism conferring in vitro cross-resistance to azole antifungals involves a combination of cyp51A alterations
Mellado E, Garcia-Effron G, Alcazar-Fuoli L et al. A new Aspergillus fumigatus resistance mechanism conferring in vitro cross-resistance to azole antifungals involves a combination of cyp51A alterations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 1897-904.
In vitro evolution of itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus involves multiple mechanisms of resistance
da Silva Ferreira ME, Capellaro JL, dos Reis Marques E et al. In vitro evolution of itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus involves multiple mechanisms of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 4405-13.
Mutations in the cyp51A gene and susceptibility to itraconazole in Aspergillus fumigatus serially isolated from a patient with lung aspergilloma
Chen J, Li H, Li R et al. Mutations in the cyp51A gene and susceptibility to itraconazole in Aspergillus fumigatus serially isolated from a patient with lung aspergilloma. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55: 31-7.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA, USA
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi-Second Edition: Approved Standard M38-A2. CLSI, Wayne, PA, USA, 2008.
Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus and a mutation that confers reduced susceptibility to itraconazole and posaconazole by real-time PCR and pyrosequencing
Trama JP, Mordechai E, Adelson ME. Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus and a mutation that confers reduced susceptibility to itraconazole and posaconazole by real-time PCR and pyrosequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 906-8.
Frequency and evolution of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus associated with treatment failure
Howard SJ, Cerar D, Anderson MJ et al. Frequency and evolution of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus associated with treatment failure. Emerging Infect Dis 2009; 15: 1068-76.
Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a side-effect of environmental fungicide use?
Verweij PE, Snelders E, Kema GH et al. Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a side-effect of environmental fungicide use? Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9: 789-95.