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Calcium/vitamin Dsupplementation and cardiovascular events
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This randomized trial in postmenopausal women (N=36, 282) assessed the risk of coronary and cerebrovascularevents from supplementation with calcium plus vitamin D. Stroke was confirmed in 362 women assigned to calcium/vitamin D and 377 assigned to placebo (hazard ratio, 0.95;95% CI, 0.82-1.10)
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This landmark study and updated meta-analysis of the roleof antithrombotic treatment in nonvalvular AF comparedthe effectiveness of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs
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American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; European Societyof Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelinesand Policy Conferences (Committee toDevelop Guidelines for the Management ofPatients With Atrial Fibrillation); North AmericanSociety of Pacing and Electrophysiology: ACC/AHA/ESC Guidelines for the Management ofPatients With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive SummaryA Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force onPractice Guidelines and the European Society ofCardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines andPolicy Conferences (Committee to DevelopGuidelines for the Management of Patients WithAtrial Fibrillation) Developed in CollaborationWith the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology
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The authors provide an excellent review of the bulk ofantithrombotic treatment in ischemic stroke
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Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW: Antithrombotic drugsfor patients with ischaemic stroke and transientischaemic attack to prevent recurrent major vascularevents. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:273-284.The authors provide an excellent review of the bulk ofantithrombotic treatment in ischemic stroke.
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This randomized trial of 7554 AF patients for whom vitamin Kantagonist therapy was unsuitable (eg, because of comorbidities, risk of falls, or inadequate laboratory facilities) assignedsubjects to receive clopidogrel (75 mg) or placebo, once daily, in addition to aspirin. The authors showed that the addition ofclopidogrel to aspirin reduced the risk ofmajor vascular events, especially stroke, and increased the risk of major hemorrhage
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Connolly SJ, Pogue J, Hart RG, et al.: Effect of clopidogreladded to aspirin in patients with atrialfibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:2066-2078.This randomized trial of 7554 AF patients for whom vitamin Kantagonist therapy was unsuitable (eg, because of comorbidities, risk of falls, or inadequate laboratory facilities) assignedsubjects to receive clopidogrel (75 mg) or placebo, once daily, in addition to aspirin. The authors showed that the addition ofclopidogrel to aspirin reduced the risk ofmajor vascular events, especially stroke, and increased the risk of major hemorrhage.
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This double-bind randomized trial concluded that omeprazolesignificantly decreased clopidogrel's inhibitory effect on plateletP2Y12, as assessed by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoproteinassay
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Gilard M, Arnaud B, Cornily JC, et al.: Influence ofomeprazole on the antiplatelet action of clopidogrelassociated with aspirin: the randomized, doubleblindOCLA (Omeprazole CLopidogrel Aspirin)study. J AmColl Cardiol 2008, 51:256-260.This double-bind randomized trial concluded that omeprazolesignificantly decreased clopidogrel's inhibitory effect on plateletP2Y12, as assessed by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoproteinassay.
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This retrospective analysis of PRINCIPLE-TIMI 44 and TRITONTIMI
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Presented at, SanFrancisco California; In the COGENT trial (the only prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of proton pumpinhibitors on clopidogrel treatment), there was no differencein clinical events ("hard" end points) between clopidogrelplus omeprazole and clopidogrel alone
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Bhatt DL: COGENT: A prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial of omeprazole in patients receivingaspirin and clopidogrel. Presented atTranscatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics. SanFrancisco, California; 2009.In the COGENT trial (the only prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of proton pumpinhibitors on clopidogrel treatment), there was no differencein clinical events ("hard" end points) between clopidogrelplus omeprazole and clopidogrel alone.
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Mediumintensity oral anticoagulants versus aspirin aftercerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): Arandomised controlled trial
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This international multicenter trial randomly assignedpatients who had a transient ischemic attack or minor strokeof presumed arterial origin within the previous 6 months toreceive anticoagulants (target INR range, 2.0-3.0; n=536) oraspirin (30-325 mg/d; n=532). The results showed thatanticoagulants are not more effective than aspirin for secondaryprevention after transient ischemic attack or minorstroke of arterial origin
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Halkes PH, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, et al.: Mediumintensity oral anticoagulants versus aspirin aftercerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): Arandomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2007, 6:115-124.This international multicenter trial randomly assignedpatients who had a transient ischemic attack or minor strokeof presumed arterial origin within the previous 6 months toreceive anticoagulants (target INR range, 2.0-3.0; n=536) oraspirin (30-325 mg/d; n=532). The results showed thatanticoagulants are not more effective than aspirin for secondaryprevention after transient ischemic attack or minorstroke of arterial origin.
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This trial with elderly AF patients at risk for stroke supportsthe use of anticoagulation therapy for people olderthan 75 years who have AF, unless there are contraindicationsor the patient decides the benefits are not worththe inconvenience
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Mant J, Hobbs FD, Fletcher K, et al.: Warfarin versusaspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly communitypopulation with atrial fibrillation (the BirminghamAtrial Fibrillation Treatment of the AgedStudy, BAFTA): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet2007, 370:493-503.This trial with elderly AF patients at risk for stroke supportsthe use of anticoagulation therapy for people olderthan 75 years who have AF, unless there are contraindicationsor the patient decides the benefits are not worththe inconvenience.
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