메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 141-154

The nature of processing speed deficits in traumatic brain injury: Is less brain more?

Author keywords

fMRI; Processing speed; Reorganization; TBI; Working memory

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AMNESIA; ARTICLE; CINGULATE GYRUS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL RECRUITMENT; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTION TIME; TASK PERFORMANCE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 77953534663     PISSN: 19317557     EISSN: 19317565     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11682-010-9094-z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0031278963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating prior knowledge into image registration
    • Ashburner, J., Neelin, P., Collins, D. L., Evans, A., & Friston, K. (1997). Incorporating prior knowledge into image registration. Neuroimage, 6(4), 344-352.
    • (1997) Neuroimage , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 344-352
    • Ashburner, J.1    Neelin, P.2    Collins, D.L.3    Evans, A.4    Friston, K.5
  • 3
    • 0025890255 scopus 로고
    • The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT): Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms
    • Brandt, J. (1991). The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT): development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 5, 125-142.
    • (1991) Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.5 , pp. 125-142
    • Brandt, J.1
  • 4
    • 0035050707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in traumatic brain injury
    • Bigler, E. D. (2001). Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 16(2), 117-34.
    • (2001) Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-134
    • Bigler, E.D.1
  • 5
    • 31344482308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All roads lead to disconnection?-Traumatic axonal injury revisited
    • discussion 193-184
    • Buki, A., & Povlishock, J. T. (2006). All roads lead to disconnection?-Traumatic axonal injury revisited. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 148(2), 181-193. discussion 193-184.
    • (2006) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.148 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-193
    • Buki, A.1    Povlishock, J.T.2
  • 6
    • 1942521179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FMRI analysis with the general linear model: Removal of latency-induced amplitude bias by incorporation of hemodynamic derivative terms
    • Calhoun, V. D., Stevens, M. C., Pearlson, G. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2004). fMRI analysis with the general linear model: removal of latency-induced amplitude bias by incorporation of hemodynamic derivative terms. NeuroImage, 22(1), 252-257.
    • (2004) NeuroImag , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 252-257
    • Calhoun, V.D.1    Stevens, M.C.2    Pearlson, G.D.3    Kiehl, K.A.4
  • 7
    • 0035949779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of attention and working memory deficits in HIV patients
    • Chang, L., Speck, O., Miller, E. N., Braun, J., Jovicich, J., Koch, C., et al. (2001). Neural correlates of attention and working memory deficits in HIV patients. Neurology, 57(6), 1001-1007.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , Issue.6 , pp. 1001-1007
    • Chang, L.1    Speck, O.2    Miller, E.N.3    Braun, J.4    Jovicich, J.5    Koch, C.6
  • 8
    • 3843132957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of the attention network in human immunodeficiency virus brain injury
    • Chang, L., Tomasi, D., Yakupov, R., Lozar, C., Arnold, S., Caparelli, E., et al. (2004). Adaptation of the attention network in human immunodeficiency virus brain injury. Annals of Neurology, 56(2), 259-272.
    • (2004) Annals of Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-272
    • Chang, L.1    Tomasi, D.2    Yakupov, R.3    Lozar, C.4    Arnold, S.5    Caparelli, E.6
  • 11
    • 0030908002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal dynamics of brain activation during a working memory task
    • Cohen, J. D., Perlstein, W. M., Braver, T. S., Nystrom, L. E., Noll, D. C., Jonides, J., et al. (1997). Temporal dynamics of brain activation during a working memory task. Nature, 386(6625), 604-608.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , Issue.6625 , pp. 604-608
    • Cohen, J.D.1    Perlstein, W.M.2    Braver, T.S.3    Nystrom, L.E.4    Noll, D.C.5    Jonides, J.6
  • 12
    • 0032987637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological loop and central executive functioning in Alzheimer's disease
    • Collette, F., van der Linden, M., Bechet, S., & Salmon, E. (1999). Phonological loop and central executive functioning in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 37(8), 905-918.
    • (1999) Neuropsychologia , vol.37 , Issue.8 , pp. 905-918
    • Collette, F.1    van der Linden, M.2    Bechet, S.3    Salmon, E.4
  • 13
    • 14844324002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention and cognitive control as emergent properties of information representation in working memory
    • Courtney, S. M. (2004). Attention and cognitive control as emergent properties of information representation in working memory. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 4(4), 501-516.
    • (2004) Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 501-516
    • Courtney, S.M.1
  • 14
    • 44649090715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of cognitive fatigue in multiple sclerosis using functional MRI
    • DeLuca, J., Genova, H. M., Hillary, F. G., & Wylie, G. (2008). Neural correlates of cognitive fatigue in multiple sclerosis using functional MRI. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 270(1-2), 28-39.
    • (2008) Journal of Neurological Sciences , vol.270 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 28-39
    • Deluca, J.1    Genova, H.M.2    Hillary, F.G.3    Wylie, G.4
  • 15
    • 0032849138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speed of information processing as a key deficit in multiple sclerosis: Implications for rehabilitation
    • Demaree, H. A., DeLuca, J., Gaudino, E. A., & Diamond, B. J. (1999). Speed of information processing as a key deficit in multiple sclerosis: implications for rehabilitation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 67(5), 661-663.
    • (1999) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.5 , pp. 661-663
    • Demaree, H.A.1    Deluca, J.2    Gaudino, E.A.3    Diamond, B.J.4
  • 16
    • 0037069298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal brain activation on functional MRI in cognitively asymptomatic HIV patients
    • Ernst, T., Chang, L., Jovicich, J., Ames, N., & Arnold, S. (2002). Abnormal brain activation on functional MRI in cognitively asymptomatic HIV patients. Neurology, 59(9), 1343-1349.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , Issue.9 , pp. 1343-1349
    • Ernst, T.1    Chang, L.2    Jovicich, J.3    Ames, N.4    Arnold, S.5
  • 17
    • 0042925731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased glial metabolites predict increased working memory network activation in HIV brain injury
    • Ernst, T., Chang, L., & Arnold, S. (2003). Increased glial metabolites predict increased working memory network activation in HIV brain injury. Neuroimage, 19(4), 1686-1693.
    • (2003) Neuroimage , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 1686-1693
    • Ernst, T.1    Chang, L.2    Arnold, S.3
  • 18
    • 33646840138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical reorganization during PASAT task in MS patients with preserved working memory functions
    • Forn, C., Barros-Loscertales, A., Escudero, J., Belloch, V., Campos, S., Parcet, M. A., et al. (2006). Cortical reorganization during PASAT task in MS patients with preserved working memory functions. Neuroimage, 31(2), 686-691.
    • (2006) Neuroimage , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 686-691
    • Forn, C.1    Barros-Loscertales, A.2    Escudero, J.3    Belloch, V.4    Campos, S.5    Parcet, M.A.6
  • 19
    • 34248137535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensatory activations in patients with multiple sclerosis during preserved performance on the auditory N-back task
    • Forn, C., Barros-Loscertales, A., Escudero, J., Benlloch, V., Campos, S., Parcet, M. A., et al. (2007). Compensatory activations in patients with multiple sclerosis during preserved performance on the auditory N-back task. Human Brain Mapping, 28(5), 424-430.
    • (2007) Human Brain Mapping , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 424-430
    • Forn, C.1    Barros-Loscertales, A.2    Escudero, J.3    Benlloch, V.4    Campos, S.5    Parcet, M.A.6
  • 20
    • 38749139225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventral frontal cortex functions and quantified MRI in traumatic brain injury
    • Fujiwara, E., Schwartz, M. L., Gao, F., Black, S. E., & Levine, B. (2008). Ventral frontal cortex functions and quantified MRI in traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia, 46(2), 461-474.
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 461-474
    • Fujiwara, E.1    Schwartz, M.L.2    Gao, F.3    Black, S.E.4    Levine, B.5
  • 21
    • 0033919413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral specialization and interhemispheric communication: Does the corpus callosum enable the human condition?
    • Gazzaniga, M. S. (2000). Cerebral specialization and interhemispheric communication: does the corpus callosum enable the human condition? Brain, 123(Pt 7), 1293-1326.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.Pt 7 , pp. 1293-1326
    • Gazzaniga, M.S.1
  • 22
    • 77953538316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genova, H. M., Hillary, F. G., Wylie, G., Rympa, B., & DeLuca, J. (2009). An examination of processing speed impairments in multiple sclerosis using fMRI. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.
  • 23
    • 46649091567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging of working memory dysfunction and the dilemma with brain reorganization hypotheses
    • Hillary, F. G. (2008). Neuroimaging of working memory dysfunction and the dilemma with brain reorganization hypotheses. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14(4), 526-534.
    • (2008) Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 526-534
    • Hillary, F.G.1
  • 24
    • 33847107942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of neuropathology on the FMRI signal: A measurement of brain or vein?
    • Hillary, F. G., & Biswal, B. (2007). The influence of neuropathology on the FMRI signal: a measurement of brain or vein? Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21(1), 58-72.
    • (2007) Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-72
    • Hillary, F.G.1    Biswal, B.2
  • 26
    • 33750577580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal modulation of working memory performance in brain injury and disease
    • Hillary, F. G., Genova, H. M., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Rypma, B., & DeLuca, J. (2006). Prefrontal modulation of working memory performance in brain injury and disease. Human Brain Mapping, 27(11), 837-847.
    • (2006) Human Brain Mapping , vol.27 , Issue.11 , pp. 837-847
    • Hillary, F.G.1    Genova, H.M.2    Chiaravalloti, N.D.3    Rypma, B.4    Deluca, J.5
  • 27
    • 0028487426 scopus 로고
    • Processing speed as a mental capacity
    • Kail, R., & Salthouse, T. A. (1994). Processing speed as a mental capacity. Acta Psychologica (Amst), 86(2-3), 199-225.
    • (1994) Acta Psychologica (Amst) , vol.86 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 199-225
    • Kail, R.1    Salthouse, T.A.2
  • 28
    • 66249142314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of the attentional network after brain injury and cognitive rehabilitation
    • Kim, Y. H., Yoo, W. K., Ko, M. H., Park, C. H., Kim, S. T., & Na, D. L. (2009). Plasticity of the attentional network after brain injury and cognitive rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair, 23(4), 468-77.
    • (2009) Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 468-477
    • Kim, Y.H.1    Yoo, W.K.2    Ko, M.H.3    Park, C.H.4    Kim, S.T.5    Na, D.L.6
  • 30
    • 41649114231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Toronto traumatic brain injury study: Injury severity and quantified MRI
    • Levine, B., Kovacevic, N., Nica, E. I., Cheung, G., Gao, F., Schwartz, M. L., et al. (2008). The Toronto traumatic brain injury study: injury severity and quantified MRI. Neurology, 70(10), 771-778.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , Issue.10 , pp. 771-778
    • Levine, B.1    Kovacevic, N.2    Nica, E.I.3    Cheung, G.4    Gao, F.5    Schwartz, M.L.6
  • 31
    • 1542376024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FMRI evidence of brain reorganization during attention and memory tasks in multiple sclerosis
    • Mainero, C., Caramia, F., Pozzilli, C., Pisani, A., Pestalozza, I., Borriello, G., et al. (2004). fMRI evidence of brain reorganization during attention and memory tasks in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage, 21(3), 858-867.
    • (2004) Neuroimage , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 858-867
    • Mainero, C.1    Caramia, F.2    Pozzilli, C.3    Pisani, A.4    Pestalozza, I.5    Borriello, G.6
  • 32
    • 33846857270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensatory cortical activation during performance of an attention task by patients with diffuse axonal injury: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Maruishi, M., Miyatani, M., Nakao, T., & Muranaka, H. (2007). Compensatory cortical activation during performance of an attention task by patients with diffuse axonal injury: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 78(2), 168-173.
    • (2007) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 168-173
    • Maruishi, M.1    Miyatani, M.2    Nakao, T.3    Muranaka, H.4
  • 33
    • 0032862048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain activation during working memory 1 month after mild traumatic brain injury: A functional MRI study
    • McAllister, T. W., Saykin, A. J., Flashman, L. A., Sparling, M. B., Johnson, S. C., Guerin, S. J., et al. (1999). Brain activation during working memory 1 month after mild traumatic brain injury: a functional MRI study. Neurology, 53(6), 1300-1308.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.6 , pp. 1300-1308
    • McAllister, T.W.1    Saykin, A.J.2    Flashman, L.A.3    Sparling, M.B.4    Johnson, S.C.5    Guerin, S.J.6
  • 35
    • 0030721448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory impairments in traumatic brain injury: Evidence from a dual-task paradigm
    • McDowell, S., Whyte, J., & D'Esposito, M. (1997). Working memory impairments in traumatic brain injury: evidence from a dual-task paradigm. Neuropsychologia, 35(10), 1341-1353.
    • (1997) Neuropsychologia , vol.35 , Issue.10 , pp. 1341-1353
    • McDowell, S.1    Whyte, J.2    D'Esposito, M.3
  • 36
    • 57349193509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse changes in cortical thickness in pediatric moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury
    • Merkley, T. L., Bigler, E. D., Wilde, E. A., McCauley, S. R., Hunter, J. V., & Levin, H. S. (2008). Diffuse changes in cortical thickness in pediatric moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 25(11), 1343-5.
    • (2008) Journal of Neurotrauma , vol.25 , Issue.11 , pp. 1343-1345
    • Merkley, T.L.1    Bigler, E.D.2    Wilde, E.A.3    McCauley, S.R.4    Hunter, J.V.5    Levin, H.S.6
  • 40
    • 0026414940 scopus 로고
    • Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography
    • Pardo, J. V., Fox, P. T., & Raichle, M. E. (1991). Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography. Nature, 349(6304), 61-64.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.349 , Issue.6304 , pp. 61-64
    • Pardo, J.V.1    Fox, P.T.2    Raichle, M.E.3
  • 41
    • 0345373977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of impairment related functional architecture in MS patients during performance of different attention tasks
    • Penner, I. K., Rausch, M., Kappos, L., Opwis, K., & Radü, E. W. (2003). Analysis of impairment related functional architecture in MS patients during performance of different attention tasks. Journal of Neurology, 250(4), 461-472.
    • (2003) Journal of Neurology , vol.250 , Issue.4 , pp. 461-472
    • Penner, I.K.1    Rausch, M.2    Kappos, L.3    Opwis, K.4    Radü, E.W.5
  • 43
    • 0032862230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scanning patients with tasks they can perform
    • Price, C. J., & Friston, K. J. (1999). Scanning patients with tasks they can perform. Human Brain Mapping, 8(2-3), 102-8.
    • (1999) Human Brain Mapping , vol.8 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 102-108
    • Price, C.J.1    Friston, K.J.2
  • 44
    • 0036967619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging studies of neuropsychological patients: Applications and limitations
    • Price, C. J., & Friston, K. J. (2002). Functional imaging studies of neuropsychological patients: applications and limitations. Neurocase, 8(5), 345-54.
    • (2002) Neurocase , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 345-354
    • Price, C.J.1    Friston, K.J.2
  • 47
    • 0001392453 scopus 로고
    • The relation of the trail-making test (TMT) to organic brain injury
    • Reitan, R. M. (1958). The relation of the trail-making test (TMT) to organic brain injury. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 19(5), 393-394.
    • (1958) Journal of Consulting Psychology , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 393-394
    • Reitan, R.M.1
  • 48
    • 0034431849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotaxic display of brain lesions
    • Rorden, C., & Brett, M. (2000). Stereotaxic display of brain lesions. Behavioural Neurology, 12, 191-200.
    • (2000) Behavioural Neurology , vol.12 , pp. 191-200
    • Rorden, C.1    Brett, M.2
  • 49
    • 0033931689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolating the neural mechanisms of age-related changes in human working memory
    • Rypma, B., & D'Esposito, M. (2000). Isolating the neural mechanisms of age-related changes in human working memory. Nature Neuroscience, 3(5), 509-515.
    • (2000) Nature Neuroscience , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 509-515
    • Rypma, B.1    D'Esposito, M.2
  • 50
    • 0032796480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Load-dependent roles of frontal brain regions in the maintenance of working memory
    • Rypma, B., Prabhakaran, V., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1999). Load-dependent roles of frontal brain regions in the maintenance of working memory. Neuroimage, 9(2), 216-226.
    • (1999) Neuroimage , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 216-226
    • Rypma, B.1    Prabhakaran, V.2    Desmond, J.E.3    Glover, G.H.4    Gabrieli, J.D.E.5
  • 51
    • 0034876096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age differences in prefrontal cortical activity in working memory
    • Rypma, B., Prabhakaran, V., Desmond, J. E., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2001). Age differences in prefrontal cortical activity in working memory. Psychology and Aging, 16(3), 371-384.
    • (2001) Psychology and Aging , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 371-384
    • Rypma, B.1    Prabhakaran, V.2    Desmond, J.E.3    Gabrieli, J.D.4
  • 52
    • 0036646615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of working-memory demand and subject performance on prefrontal cortical activity
    • Rypma, B., Berger, J. S., & D'Esposito, M. (2002). The influence of working-memory demand and subject performance on prefrontal cortical activity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(5), 721-731.
    • (2002) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 721-731
    • Rypma, B.1    Berger, J.S.2    D'Esposito, M.3
  • 54
    • 0026648348 scopus 로고
    • Working-memory mediation of adult age differences in integrative reasoning
    • Salthouse, T. A. (1992). Working-memory mediation of adult age differences in integrative reasoning. Memory & Cognition, 20(4), 413-423.
    • (1992) Memory & Cognition , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 413-423
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 55
    • 0030194684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
    • Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103(3), 403-428.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-428
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 56
    • 0027208637 scopus 로고
    • Influence of task-specific processing speed on age differences in memory
    • Salthouse, T. A., & Coon, V. E. (1993). Influence of task-specific processing speed on age differences in memory. Journal of Gerontology, 48(5), 245-255.
    • (1993) Journal of Gerontology , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 245-255
    • Salthouse, T.A.1    Coon, V.E.2
  • 57
    • 54149111312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal fMRI study of working memory in severe TBI patients with diffuse axonal injury
    • Sanchez-Carrion, R., Fernandez-Espejo, D., Junque, C., Falcon, C., Bargallo, N., Roig, T., et al. (2008a). A longitudinal fMRI study of working memory in severe TBI patients with diffuse axonal injury. Neuroimage, 43(3), 421-429.
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 421-429
    • Sanchez-Carrion, R.1    Fernandez-Espejo, D.2    Junque, C.3    Falcon, C.4    Bargallo, N.5    Roig, T.6
  • 58
    • 43649101648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal hypoactivation on functional magnetic resonance imaging in working memory after severe diffuse traumatic brain injury
    • Sanchez-Carrion, R., Gomez, P. V., Junque, C., Fernandez-Espejo, D., Falcon, C., Bargallo, N., et al. (2008b). Frontal hypoactivation on functional magnetic resonance imaging in working memory after severe diffuse traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 25(5), 479-494.
    • (2008) Journal of Neurotrauma , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 479-494
    • Sanchez-Carrion, R.1    Gomez, P.V.2    Junque, C.3    Fernandez-Espejo, D.4    Falcon, C.5    Bargallo, N.6
  • 61
    • 33845516725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered brain activation during cognitive control in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
    • Scheibel, R. S., Newsome, M. R., Steinberg, J. L., Pearson, D. A., Rauch, R. A., Mao, H., et al. (2007). Altered brain activation during cognitive control in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair, 21(1), 36-45.
    • (2007) Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-45
    • Scheibel, R.S.1    Newsome, M.R.2    Steinberg, J.L.3    Pearson, D.A.4    Rauch, R.A.5    Mao, H.6
  • 62
    • 70450189408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of severity of traumatic brain injury and brain reserve on cognitive-control related brain activation
    • Scheibel, R. S., Newsome, M. R., Troyanskaya, M., Steinberg, J. L., Goldstein, F. C., Mao, H., et al. (2009). Effects of severity of traumatic brain injury and brain reserve on cognitive-control related brain activation. Journal of Neurotrauma, 26(9), 1447-1461.
    • (2009) Journal of Neurotrauma , vol.26 , Issue.9 , pp. 1447-1461
    • Scheibel, R.S.1    Newsome, M.R.2    Troyanskaya, M.3    Steinberg, J.L.4    Goldstein, F.C.5    Mao, H.6
  • 63
    • 0003694613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services
    • Smith, A. (1973). Symbol digit modalities task. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
    • (1973) Symbol Digit Modalities Task
    • Smith, A.1
  • 65
    • 0021859561 scopus 로고
    • Subtle neuropsychological deficits in patients with good recovery after closed head injury
    • Stuss, D. T., Ely, P., Hugenholtz, H., Richard, M. T., LaRochelle, S., Poirier, C. A., et al. (1985). Subtle neuropsychological deficits in patients with good recovery after closed head injury. Neurosurgery, 17(1), 41-47.
    • (1985) Neurosurgery , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-47
    • Stuss, D.T.1    Ely, P.2    Hugenholtz, H.3    Richard, M.T.4    Larochelle, S.5    Poirier, C.A.6
  • 66
    • 32044451559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging response to increased verbal working memory demands among patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Sweet, L. H., Rao, S. M., Primeau, M., Durgerian, S., & Cohen, R. A. (2006). Functional magnetic resonance imaging response to increased verbal working memory demands among patients with multiple sclerosis. Human Brain Mapping, 27(1), 28-36.
    • (2006) Human Brain Mapping , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-36
    • Sweet, L.H.1    Rao, S.M.2    Primeau, M.3    Durgerian, S.4    Cohen, R.A.5
  • 67
    • 0016391336 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale
    • Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B. (1974). Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet, 2(7872), 81-84.
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7872 , pp. 81-84
    • Teasdale, G.1    Jennett, B.2
  • 69
    • 53049086708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmented neural activity during executive control processing following diffuse axonal injury
    • Turner, G. R., & Levine, B. (2008). Augmented neural activity during executive control processing following diffuse axonal injury. Neurology, 71(11), 812-818.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , Issue.11 , pp. 812-818
    • Turner, G.R.1    Levine, B.2
  • 71
    • 10044226317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcortical white matter metabolic changes remote from focal hemorrhagic lesions suggest diffuse injury after human traumatic brain injury
    • Wu, H. M., Huang, S. C., Hattori, N., Glenn, T. C., Vespa, P. M., Hovda, D. A., et al. (2004). Subcortical white matter metabolic changes remote from focal hemorrhagic lesions suggest diffuse injury after human traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery, 55(6), 1306-1315.
    • (2004) Neurosurgery , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 1306-1315
    • Wu, H.M.1    Huang, S.C.2    Hattori, N.3    Vespa, P.M.4    Hovda, D.A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.