Factors and techniques influencing peri-implant papillae

Implant Dentistry

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 208-219

  Chow, Yiu Cheung ^a   Wang, Hom Lay ^b  

^a University of Michigan ^*

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY   (United States)

Author keywords

Esthetics; Implant; Interproximal soft tissue; Papillae

Indexed keywords

ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS; ARTICLE; DENTAL CARE; GINGIVA; GINGIVA DISEASE; GINGIVOPLASTY; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; REGENERATION; TOOTH IMPLANTATION;

ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS; DENTAL IMPLANTS; ESTHETICS, DENTAL; GINGIVA; GINGIVAL DISEASES; GINGIVOPLASTY; HUMANS; REGENERATION;

EID: 77953492671     PISSN: 10566163     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ID.0b013e3181d43bd6     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Berglundh T, Lindhe J, Ericsson I, et al. The soft tissue barrier at implants and teeth. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1991;2: 81-90.
2. Berglundh T, Lindhe J, Jonsson K, et al. The topography of the vascular systems in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues in the dog. J Clin Periodontol. 1994;21:189-193.
3. Cochran DL, Hermann JS, Schenk RK, et al. Biologic width around titanium implants. A histometric analysis of the implanto-gingival junction around unloaded and loaded nonsubmerged implants in the canine mandible. J Periodontol. 1997;68:186-198.
4. Kim Y, Oh TJ, Misch CE, et al. Occlusal considerations in implant therapy: Clinical guidelines with biomechanical rationale. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005;16: 26-35.
5. Oh TJ, Yoon J, Misch CE, et al. The causes of early implant bone loss: Myth or science? J Periodontol. 2002;73:322-333.
6. Etter TH, Hakanson I, Lang NP, et al. Healing after standardized clinical probing of the perlimplant soft tissue seal: A histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13:571-1180
7. Tarnow DP, Magner AW, Fletcher P. The effect of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence or absence of the interproximal dental papilla. J Periodontol. 1992;63: 995-996.
8. Salama H, Salama MA, Garber D, et al. The interproximal height of bone: A guidepost to predictable aesthetic strategies and soft tissue contours in anterior tooth replacement. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1998;10:1131-1141; quiz 42.
9. Grunder U. Stability of the mucosal topography around single-tooth implants and adjacent teeth: 1-year results. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2000;20: 11-17.
10. Choquet V, Hermans M, Adriaenssens P, et al. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the papilla level adjacent to single-tooth dental implants. A retrospective study in the maxillary anterior region. J Periodontol. 2001;72:1364-1371.
11. Garber DA, Salama MA, Salama H. Immediate total tooth replacement. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2001;22:210-216, 218.
12. McGuire MK, Scheyer ET. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study to determine the safety and efficacy of cultured and expanded autologous fibroblast injections for the treatment of interdental papillary insufficiency associated with the papilla priming procedure. J Periodontol. 2007;78:4-17.
13. Pradeep AR, Karthikeyan BV. Periimplant papilla reconstruction: Realities and limitations. J Periodontol. 2006;77: 534-544.
14. Prato GP, Rotundo R, Cortellini P, et al. Interdental papilla management: A review and classification of the therapeutic approaches. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2004;24:246-255.
15. Becker W, Ochsenbein C, Tibbetts L, et al. Alveolar bone anatomic profiles as measured from dry skulls. Clinical ramifications. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24:727-731.
16. Hirschfeld I. A study of skulls in the American Museum of Natural History in relation to periodontal disease. J Dent Res. 1923;241-265.
17. Ochsenbein C, Ross S. A concept of osseous surgery and its clinical application. In: Ward HL, Chas CT, eds. A Periodontal Point of View. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas Publisher Ltd.; 1973.
18. Elian N, Jalbout ZN, Cho SC, et al. Realities and limitations in the management of the interdental papilla between implants: Three case reports. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2003;15:737-744; quiz 746.
19. Tarnow D, Elian N, Fletcher P, et al. Vertical distance from the crest of bone to the height of the interproximal papilla between adjacent implants. J Periodontol. 2003;74:1785-1788.
20. Heins PJ, Wieder SM. A histologic study of the width and nature of interradicular spaces in human adult premolars and molars. J Dent Res. 1986;65: 948-951.
21. Tal H. Relationship between the interproximal distance of roots and the prevalence of intrabony pockets. J Periodontol. 1984;55:604-607.
22. Cho HS, Jang HS, Kim DK, et al. The effects of interproximal distance between roots on the existence of interdental papillae according to the distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest. J Periodontol. 2006;77:1651-1657.
23. Tarnow DP, Cho SC, Wallace SS. The effect of inter-implant distance on the height of inter-implant bone crest. J Periodontol. 2000;71:546-549.
24. Gastaldo JF, Cury PR, Sendyk WR. Effect of the vertical and horizontal distances between adjacent implants and between a tooth and an implant on the incidence of interproximal papilla. J Periodontol. 2004;75: 1242-1246.
25. Novaes AB Jr, de Oliveira RR, Muglia VA, et al. The effects of interimplant distances on papilla formation and crestal resorption in implants with a morse cone connection and a platform switch: A histomorphometric study in dogs. J Periodontol. 2006;77:1839-1849.
26. Novaes AB Jr, Papalexiou V, Muglia V, et al. Influence of interimplant distance on gingival papilla formation and bone resorption: Clinical- radiographic study in dogs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2006;21:45-51. (Pubitemid 43350986)
27. Morris ML. The position of the margin of the gingiva. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1958;11:969-984.
28. Seibert JS. Surgical management of osseous defects. In: Goldman HM, Cohen DW, eds. Periodontal Therapy. Saint Louis: CV Mosby; 1973:765-766.
29. Weisgold A. Contours of the full crown restoration. Alpha Omegan. 1977; 70:77.
30. Wheeler RC. Complete crown form and the periodontium. J Prosthet Dent. 1961;11:722-734.
31. Olsson M, Lindhe J. Periodontal characteristics in individuals with varying form of the upper central incisors. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18:78-82.
32. Olsson M, Lindhe J, Marinello CP. On the relationship between crown form and clinical features of the gingiva in adolescents. J Clin Periodontol. 1993;20:570-577.
33. Kois JC. Predictable single tooth peri-implant esthetics: Five diagnostic keys. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2001; 22:199-206; quiz 208.
34. Kois JC. Predictable single-tooth peri-implant esthetics: Five diagnostic keys. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2004; 25:895-896, 898, 900 passim; quiz 906-907.
35. Borghetti A, Gardella JP. Thick gingival autograft for the coverage of gingival recession: A clinical evaluation. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1990;10:216-229.
36. Harris RJ. Creeping attachment associated with the connective tissue with partial-thickness double pedicle graft. J Periodontol. 1997;68:890-899.
37. Matter J. Creeping attachment of free gingival grafts. A five-year follow-up study. J Periodontol. 1980;51:681-685.
38. Muller HP, Eger T. Masticatory mucosa and periodontal phenotype: A review. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2002; 22:172-183.
39. Muller HP, Heinecke A, Schaller N, et al. Masticatory mucosa in subjects with different periodontal phenotypes. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27:621-626.
40. Muller HP, Schaller N, Eger T, et al. Thickness of masticatory mucosa. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27:431-436.
41. Nelson SW. The subpedicle connective tissue graft. A bilaminar reconstructive procedure for the coverage of denuded root surfaces. J Periodontol. 1987;58:95-102.
42. Serino G, Wennstrom JL, Lindhe J, et al. The prevalence and distribution of gingival recession in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene. J Clin Periodontol. 1994;21:57-63.
43. Wennstrom J, Lindhe J. Plaqueinduced gingival inflammation in the absence of attached gingiva in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 1983;10:266-276.
44. Wennstrom J, Lindhe J. Role of attached gingiva for maintenance of periodontal health. Healing following excisional and grafting procedures in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 1983;10:206-221.
45. Claffey N, Shanley D. Relationship of gingival thickness and bleeding to loss of probing attachment in shallow sites following nonsurgical periodntal therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 1986;13:654-687.
46. Oh TJ, Shotwell JL, Billy EJ, et al. Effect of flapless implant surgery on soft tissue profile: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2006;77:874-882.
47. Jemt T. Regeneration of gingival papillae after single-implant treatment. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1997;17: 326-333.
48. Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada J. Immediate placement and provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants: 1-year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;18:31-39.
49. Kois JC. Altering gingival levels: The restorative connection part I: Biologic variables. J Esthet Dent. 1994;6:3-9.
50. Lang NP, Loe H. The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health. J Periodontol. 1972; 43:623-627.
51. Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Recession in sites with inadequate width of the keratinized gingiva. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol. 1984;11:95-103.
52. Kennedy JE, Bird WC, Palcanis KG, et al. A longitudinal evaluation of varying widths of attached gingiva. J Clin Periodontol. 1985;12:667-675.
53. Miyasato M, Crigger M, Egelberg J. Gingival condition in areas of minimal and appreciable width of keratinized gingiva. J Clin Periodontol. 1977;4:200-209.
54. Wennstrom JL. Lack of association between width of attached gingiva and development of soft tissue recession. A 5-year longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14:181-184.
55. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, et al. A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg. 1981;10:387-416. (Pubitemid 12014507)
56. Becker W, Becker BE, Newman MG, et al. Clinical and microbiologic findings that may contribute to dental implant failure. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990; 5:31-38.
57. Block MS, Kent JN. Factors associated with soft- and hard-tissue compromise of endosseous implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48:1153-1160.
58. Deporter DA, Watson PA, Pilliar RM, et al. A histological evaluation of a functional endosseous, porous-surfaced, titanium alloy dental implant system in the dog. J Dent Res. 1988;67:1190-1195.
59. Kirsch A, Ackermann KL. The IMZ osteointegrated implant system. Dent Clin North Am. 1989;33:733-791.
60. Warrer K, Buser D, Lang NP, et al. Plaque-induced peri-implantitis in the presence or absence of keratinized mucosa. An experimental study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1995;6:131-138.
61. Wennstrom JL, Bengazi F, Lekholm U. The influence of the masticatory mucosa on the peri-implant soft tissue condition. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994; 5:1-8.
62. Zablotsky M. The surgical management of osseous defects associated with endosteal hydroxyapatite-coated and titanium dental implants. Dent Clin North Am. 1992;36:117-149, discussion 49-50.
63. Chung DM, Oh TJ, Shotwell JL, et al. Significance of keratinized mucosa in maintenance of dental implants with different surfaces. J Periodontol. 2006;77: 1410-1420.
64. el-Salam el-Askary A. Inter-implant papilla reconstruction by means of a titanium guide. Implant Dent. 2000;9:85-89.
65. Misch CE. Single tooth implants: Difficult, yet overused. Dent Today. 1992; 11:46, 48-51.
66. Kaufman E, Wang PD. Localized vertical maxillary ridge augmentation using symphyseal bone cores: A technique and case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;18:293-298.
67. Kay SA, Wisner-Lynch L, Marxer M, et al. Guided bone regeneration: Integration of a resorbable membrane and a bone graft material. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1997;9:185-194, quiz 96.
68. Lehrhaupt NB. Alveolar distraction: A possible new alternative to bone grafting. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2001; 21:121-125.
69. Zetu L, Wang HL. Management of inter-dental/inter-implant papilla. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:831-839.
70. Iasella JM, Greenwell H, Miller RL, et al. Ridge preservation with freeze-dried bone allograft and a collagen membrane compared to extraction alone for implant site development: A clinical and histologic study in humans. J Periodontol. 2003;74: 990-999.
71. Cardaropoli D, Debernardi C, Cardaropoli G. Immediate placement of implant into impacted maxillary canine extraction socket. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2007;27:71-77.
72. Juodzbalys G, Wang HL. Soft and hard tissue assessment of immediate implant placement: A case series. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007;18:237-243.
73. Wheeler SL, Vogel RE, Casellini R. Tissue preservation and maintenance of optimum esthetics: A clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000;15:265-271.
74. Zeren KJ. Minimally invasive extraction and immediate implant placement: The preservation of esthetics. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006;26:171-181.
75. Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K. Interimplant papilla preservation in the esthetic zone: A report of six consecutive cases. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2003;23:249-259.
76. Becker W, Goldstein M, Becker BE, et al. Minimally invasive flapless implant surgery: A prospective multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2005;7 Suppl 1:S21-27.
77. Campelo LD, Camara JR. Flapless implant surgery: A 10-year clinical retrospective analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002;17:271-276.
78. Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Ojano M, et al. Flapless anterior implant surgery: A surgical and prosthodontic rationale. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 2000;12:467-474, quiz 76.
79. Oh TJ, Shotwell J, Billy E, et al. Flapless implant surgery in the esthetic region: Advantages and precautions. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2007;27: 27-33.
80. Petrungaro PS. Immediate restoration of implants utilizing a flapless approach to preserve interdental tissue contours. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2005;17:151-158, quiz 60.
81. Cortellini P, Prato GP, Tonetti MS. The modified papilla preservation technique. A new surgical approach for interproximal regenerative procedures. J Periodontol. 1995;66:261-266.
82. Cortellini P, Prato GP, Tonetti MS. The simplified papilla preservation flap. A novel surgical approach for the management of soft tissues in regenerative procedures. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1999;19:589-599.
83. Cortellini P, Tonetti MS. Microsurgical approach to periodontal regeneration. Initial evaluation in a case cohort. J Periodontol. 2001;72:559-569.
84. Flanagan D. An incision design to promote a gingival base for the creation of interdental implant papillae. J Oral Implantol. 2002;28:25-28.
85. Gomez-Roman G. Influence of flap design on peri-implant interproximal crestal bone loss around single-tooth implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001; 16:61-67.
86. Khoury K, Happe A. Soft tissue management in oral implantology: A review of surgical techniques for shaping an esthetic and functional peri-implant soft tissue structure. Quintessence Int. 2000;31: 483-499.
87. Takei HH, Han TJ, Carranza FA Jr, et al. Flap technique for periodontal bone implants. Papilla preservation technique. J Periodontol. 1985;56:204-210.
88. Zucchelli G, De Sanctis M. The papilla amplification flap: A surgical approach to narrow interproximal spaces in regenerative procedures. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2005;25:483-493.
89. Zucchelli G, Mele M, Checchi L. The papilla amplification flap for the treatment of a localized periodontal defect associated with a palatal groove. J Periodontol. 2006;77: 1788-1796.
90. Adriaenssens P, Hermans M, Ingber A, et al. Palatal sliding strip flap: Soft tissue management to restore maxillary anterior esthetics at stage 2 surgery: A clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:30-36.
91. Azzi R, Etienne D, Carranza F. Surgical reconstruction of the interdental papilla. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1998;18:466-473.
92. Azzi R, Etienne D, Sauvan JL, et al. Root coverage and papilla reconstruction in class IV recession: A case report. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1999;19: 449-455.
93. Azzi R, Etienne D, Takei H, et al. Surgical thickening of the existing gingiva and reconstruction of interdental papillae around implant-supported restorations. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2002;22: 71-77.
94. Azzi R, Takei HH, Etienne D, et al. Root coverage and papilla reconstruction using autogenous osseous and connective tissue grafts. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2001;21:141-147.
95. Beagle JR. Surgical reconstruction of the interdental papilla: Case report. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1992;12: 145-151.
96. Carnio J. Surgical reconstruction of interdental papilla using an interposed subepithelial connective tissue graft: A case report. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2004;24:31-37.
97. Grossberg DE. Interimplant papilla reconstruction: Assessment of soft tissue changes and results of 12 consecutive cases. J Periodontol. 2001;72:958-962.
98. Han TJ, Takei HH. Progress in gingival papilla reconstruction. Periodontol 2000. 1996;11:65-68.
99. Misch CE, Al-Shammari KF, Wang HL. Creation of interimplant papillae through a split-finger technique. Implant Dent. 2004;13:20-27.
100. Nemcovsky CE. Interproximal papilla augmentation procedure: A novel surgical approach and clinical evaluation of 10 consecutive procedures. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2001;21:553-559.
101. Nemcovsky CE, Moses O, Artzi Z. Interproximal papillae reconstruction in maxillary implants. J Periodontol. 2000;71: 308-314.
102. Palacci P. Perio-Implant Soft Tissue Management: Papilla Regeneration Technique. Chicago: Quintessence; 1995.
103. Price RB, Price DE. Esthetic restoration of a single-tooth dental implant using a subepithelial connective tissue graft: A case report with 3-year follow-up. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1999;19: 92-101.
104. Tinti C, Benfenati SP. The ramp mattress suture: A new suturing technique combined with a surgical procedure to obtain papillae between implants in the buccal area. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2002;22:63-69.
105. Bichacho N. Papilla regeneration by noninvasive prosthodontic treatment: Segmental proximal restorations. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1998;10:75, 77-78.
106. Blatz MB, Hurzeler MB, Strub JR. Reconstruction of the lost interproximal papilla-presentation of surgical and nonsurgical approaches. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1999;19:395-406.
107. Kokich VG. Esthetics: The orthodontic-periodontic restorative connection. Semin Orthod. 1996;2:21-30.
108. Spear FM. Maintenance of the interdental papilla following anterior tooth removal. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1999;11:21-28; quiz 30.
109. Al-Harbi SA. Nonsurgical management of interdental papilla associated with multiple maxillary anterior implants: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;93: 212-216.
110. Jemt T. Restoring the gingival contour by means of provisional resin crowns after single-implant treatment. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1999;19: 20-29.
111. Ingber JS. Forced eruption: Alteration of soft tissue cosmetic deformities. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1989; 9:416-425.
112. Salama H, Salama M. The role of orthodontic extrusive remodeling in the enhancement of soft and hard tissue profiles prior to implant placement: A systematic approach to the management of extraction site defects. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1993;13:312-333.