Antibiotic resistance - A global issue of concern

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 34-39

  Bisht, Rekha ^a   Katiyar, Alok ^b   Singh, Rajat ^c   Mittal, Piyush ^a  

^a SGRRITS   (India)

^b Ranbaxy Laboratory (Ltd) Paonta Sahib   (India)

^c Gayatri College of Biomedical Science   (India)

Author keywords

Antibiotic; Infection; Microbes; Microbial resistance

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE FINANCING; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PATIENT COUNSELING; PHARMACIST; PRESCRIPTION; REVIEW;

EID: 77953400443     PISSN: 09742441     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Bari SB, Mahajan BM, Surana SJ. Resistance to antibiotic: A challenge in chemotherapy. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 2008; 42 (1): 3-11.
2. Roger FG, Greenwood D, Norbby SR, Whitley RJ. Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, The problem of resistance, 8th ed. Churchill Livingstone; 2003. p. 25-47.
3. Tripathi KD. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Antimicrobial Drugs: General Consideration, 5th ed. Jaypee brother's Medical publishers (P) Ltd; 2003. P.627-640.
4. Cizman M. The use and resistance of antimicrobials in the community. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003; 21: 297-307.
5. Wise R, Hart T, Cars O. Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to public health. BMJ 1998; 317: 609-610.
6. Akalin EH. Surgical prophylaxis: The evolution of guidelines in an era of cost containment. J Hosp Infect 2002; 50:3-7.
7. Bacterial Resistance to antibiotics, 2008 Kenneth Todar University of Wisconsin- Madison Department of Bacteriology. (http://www. textbookofbacteriology.net/resantimicrobial.html)
8. Sorensen TL, Monnet D. Control of antibiotic use in the community: The Danish experience. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21: 387-389.
9. Bremon RA, Ruiz Tovar M, Gorricho PB, Diaz de Torres P, Rodriguez R. Non -hospital consumption of antibiotics in Spain: 1987-1997. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45: 395-400.
10. Leegaard TM, Bevanger L, Jureen R. Antibiotic sensitivity still prevails in Norweigan blood culture isolates. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001; 18: 99-106.
11. Levy SB. Antibiotic resistance: Consequences of inaction. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 124-129.
12. Antimicrobial agents used in treatment of infectious disease, 2002 Kenneth Todar University of Wisconsin-Madison department of bacteriology.
13. Abraham EP, Chain E. An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy bacteria. Nature 1940; 146:837.
14. Lyon BR, Skurry R. Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: Genetic basis. Microbiology Review 1987; 51: 88-134.
15. Bennett J, Geme III JW. Bacterial resistance and antibiotic use in the emergency department. Pediatric clinic of North America 1999; 46: 1125-1143.
16. Cohen ML. Epidemiology of drug resistance: Importance for a post antimicrobial era. Science 1992; 257: 1050-1055.
17. Gaynes R, Edwards J. Nosocomial vanomycin resistant enterococci in the United States, 1989-1995: The first 1000 isolates. Infect Control and Hosp Epidemiol 1995; 17:18.
18. Neu HC. The crisis in antibiotic resistance. Science 1992; 257:1064-1073.
19. Frisch AW, Price AE, Myers GB. Type VIII Pneumococcus: Development of sulfadiazine resistance transmission by cross infection and persistence in carriers. Ann Intern Med 1943; 18:271-278.
20. Cates KL, Gerard JM, Giebink GS. A penicillin-resistant pneumococcus. J Pediatr 1978; 93: 624-626.
21. WHO Fact sheet No 194, Revised Jan 2002. (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs194/en/)
22. Fasehun F. The antibacterial paradox: Essential drugs, effectiveness and cost. WHO 1999; 77(3): 211-216.
23. Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Hospital antibiotic control measures in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994; 34: 21-42.
24. Belongia EA, Schwartz B. Strategies for promoting judicious use of antibiotics by doctors and patients. BMJ 1998; 317: 668-671.
25. MacFarlane J, Holmes W, MacFarlane R, Britten N. Influence of patients expectations on antibiotic management of acute lower respiratory tract illness in general practice: Questionnaire study. BMJ 1997; 315: 1211-1214.
26. Larson E, Kretzer EK. Compliance with hand washing and barrier precautions. J Hosp Infect 1995; 30: 88-106.
27. Gold HS, Moellering RC. Antimicrobial-drug resistance. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1445-1443
28. Richard P., Le Floch R, Chamoux C. Pseudomonas aeuroginosa outbreak in a burn unit-Role of antimicrobial in the emergence of multiple resistant strains. J Infect Dis 1994; 170:377-383.
29. Chow JW, Fine MJ, Shlaes DM, Quinn JP, Hooper DC, Johnson MP, et al. Enterobacter bacteremia: Clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115: 585-590.
30. Struelens MJ, Carlier E, Maes N, Serruys E, Quint WGV, Van Belkum A. Nosocomial colonization and infection with multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Outbreak delineation using DNA macro-restriction analysis and PCRfingerprinting. J Hosp Infect 1993; 25: 15-32.
31. McGowan JE. Antimicrobial resistance in hospital organisms and its relation to antibiotic use. J Infect Dis 1983; 5: 1033-1048.
32. Cars O, Norberg P. Antibiotic resistance- The faceless threat, the global threat of antibiotic resistance: Exploring roads towards concerted action, a multidisciplinary meeting at the Dag Hammarskjold foundation Uppsala, Sweden, 5-7 May 2004- Background document. (http://archives.who.int/prioritymeds/report/ append/the-faceless-threat.pdf )
33. The problem of antibiotic resistance, NIAD fact sheet National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Health, U.S Department of Health and Services, USA. (www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheet/antimicro. html)
34. Schwartz RH, Freij BJ, Ziai M, Shcridan MJ. Antimicrobial prescribing for acute purulent rhinitis in children: A survey of pediatrician and family practioners. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997;16: 185-190.
35. Schwartz B, Bell DM, Hughes JM. Preventing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. A call for action by clinicians, public health officials and patients. JAMA 1997; 278:944-945.
36. Davis DA, Thomson MA, Oxmen AD, Haynes RB. Changing physician performance: A systematic review of the effect of continuing medical education strategies. JAMA 1995; 274:700705.
37. Interventions and strategies to improve the use of antimicrobials in developing countries,WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001.9,16.(http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/ 2001/WHO-CDS-CSR-DRS2001.9.pdf.)
38. Schaffner W, Ray W, Federspiel C, Miller W. Improving antibiotic prescribing in office practice. JAMA 1983; 250:1728-1732.
39. Avorn J, Soumerai S. Improving drug therapy decisions through educational outreach. N Engl J Med 1983; 308:14571463.
40. Schoenbaum SC. Feedback of clinical practice information. HMO Pract 1993; 7:511.
41. Ekedahl A, Andersson S, Hovelius B, Molstad S, Liodholm H, MelandorA. Drug prescription attitudes and behaviour of general practitioners. Effects of a problem oriented educational programme. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 47:381387.
42. Goldmann DA, Weinstein RA, Wenzel RP, Tablan OC, Duma RJ, Gaynes RP, et al. Strategies to prevent and control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in hospitals. A challenge to hospital leadership. JAMA 1996; 275: 234-240.
43. Schlaes DM, Gerding DN, John JF, Craig WA, Bornstein DL, Duncan RA, et al. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Diseases Society of America Joint Committee on the Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance: Guidelines for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25: 584-599.
44. Struelens MJ. The epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in hospital acquired infections: Problems and possible solutions. BMJ 1998; 317:652-654.