Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults

Self and Identity

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 225-240

  Neff, Kristin D ^a   McGehee, Pittman ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescence; Identity; Self compassion; Self evaluation; Well being

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953312263     PISSN: 15298868     EISSN: 15298876     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15298860902979307     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Aalsma, M. C., Lapsley, D. K., & Flannery, D. J. (2006). Personal fables, narcissism, and adolescent adjustment. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 48-491.
2. Adams, C. E., & Leary, M. R. (2007). Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 1120-1144.
3. Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
4. Barber, B. K., & Harmon, E. L. (2002). Violating the self: Parental psychological control of children and adolescents. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 15-52). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
5. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
6. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.
7. Baumeister, R. F., Bushman J., & Campbell, W. K. (2000). Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: Does violence result from low self-esteem from threatened egotism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 26-29.
8. Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1-44.
9. Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103, 5-33.
10. Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1987). Manual for the revised Beck Depression Inventory. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
11. Brown, B., & Lohr, M. J. (1987). Peer-group affiliation and adolescent self-esteem: An integration of ego-identity and symbolic-interaction theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 47-55.
12. Carter, C. S. (1998). Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 779-818.
13. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
14. Collins, W. A. (1997). Relationships and development during adolescence: Interpersonal adaptation to individual change. Personal Relationships, 4, 1-14.
15. Cooper, M. L., Shaver, P. R., & Collins, N. L. (1998). Attachment styles, emotion regulation, and adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1380-1397.
16. Crittenden, P. M., Claussen, A. H., & Sugarman, D. B. (1994). Physical and psychological maltreatment in middle childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 145-164.
17. Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2004). The costly pursuit of self-esteem. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 392-414.
18. Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103-157.
19. Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1996). Most people are happy. Psychological Science, 7, 181-185.
20. Elkind, D. (1967). Egocentrism in adolescence. Child Development, 38, 1025-1034.
21. Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
22. Feldman, R. (2007). Parent-infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing: Physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 329-354.
23. Gilbert, P. (1989). Human nature and suffering. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Ltd.
24. Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion and cruelty: A biopsychosocial approach. In P Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 9-74). New York: Routledge.
25. Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13, 353-379.
26. Goosens, L., Beyers, W., Emmen, M., & Van Aken, M. A. G. (2002). The imaginary audience and personal fable: Factor analyses and concurrent validity of the "new look" measures. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12, 193-215.
27. Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. Advances in Personal Relationships, 5, 17-52.
28. Grotevant, H. D., & Cooper, C. R. (1985). Patterns of interaction in family relationships and the development of identity exploration in adolescence. Child Development, 56, 415-428.
29. Harter, S. (1990). Self and identity development. In S. S. Feldman & G. R. Elliot (Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent (pp. 352-387). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
30. Harter, S. (1993). Causes and consequences of low self esteem in children and adolescents. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Self esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard (pp. 87-116). New York: Plenum Press.
31. Harter, S., & Marold, D. (1994). Psychological risk factors contributing to adolescent suicidal ideation. New Directions for Child Development, 64, 71-91.
32. Hudson, W. W. (1992). The WALMYR Assessment Scales Scoring Manual. Tempe, AZ: WALMYR Publishing Company.
33. Keltner, D. (2004). The compassionate instinct. The Greater Good, 1, 6-9.
34. Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Hazan, C. (1994). Attachment styles and close relationships: A four-year prospective study. Personal Relationships, 1, 123-142.
35. Lapsley, D. K., FitzGerald, D., Rice, K., & Jackson, S. (1989). Separation-individuation and the "new look" at the imaginary audience and personal fable: A test of an integrative model. Journal of Adolescent Research, 4, 483-505.
36. Laufer, M. (1995). The suicidal adolescent. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
37. Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 887-904.
38. Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The social connectedness and social assurance Scales. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 232-241.
39. Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1998). The relationship between social connectedness and anxiety, self-esteem, and social identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 338-345.
40. Marazziti, D. (2005). The neurobiology of love. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 1, 331-335.
41. Mecca, A. M., Smelser, N. J., & Vasconcellos, J. (Eds.). (1989). The social importance of selfesteem. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
42. Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250.
43. Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85-101.
44. Neff, K. D. (2009). Self-compassion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 561-573). New York: Guilford Press.
45. Neff, K. D., Hseih, Y., & Dejitthirat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4, 263-287.
46. Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and its link to adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139-154.
47. Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hseih, Y. (2008). Self-compassion and self-construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 267-285.
48. Neff, K. D., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77, 23-50.
49. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569-582.
50. Scharfe, E., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns. Personal Relationships, 1, 23-43.
51. Sedikides, C. (1993). Assessment, enhancement, and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 317-338.
52. Simmons, R. G., Rosenberg, F., & Rosenberg, M. (1973). Disturbance in the self-image at adolescence. American Sociological Review, 38, 553-568.
53. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290-312). Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
54. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. C., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
55. Stark, K. D., Schmidt, K. L., & Joiner, T. E. (1996). Cognitive triad: Relationship to depressive symptoms, parents' cognitive triad, and perceived parental messages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 615-631.
56. Steinberg, L. (1990). Autonomy, conflict, and harmony in the family relationship. In S. S. Feldman & G. R. Elliott (Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent (pp. 255-276). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
57. Steinberg, L. (1999). Adolescence. Boston: McGraw-Hill College.
58. Swann, W. B. (1996). Self-traps: The elusive quest for higher self-esteem. New York: Freeman.
59. Twenge, J. (2006). Generation me: Why today's young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled-and more miserable than ever before. New York: Free Press.
60. Uvnas-Moberg, K. (1998). Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 819-835.