Changing clinicopathological practice in parathyroid disease: REVIEW

Histopathology

Volumn 56, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 835-851

  Johnson, Sarah J ^a  

^a ROYAL VICTORIA INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Frozen section; Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy; Parathyroid pathology; Targeted parathyroid surgery

Indexed keywords

INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM SENSING PROTEIN; LITHIUM; METHOXY ISOBUTYL ISONITRILE TECHNETIUM TC 99M;

ANEUPLOIDY; AWARENESS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLONAL VARIATION; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETICS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPOCALCEMIA; IMAGING; INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; MORPHOLOGY; ONCOGENE; PARATHYROID ADENOMA; PARATHYROID CARCINOMA; PARATHYROID DISEASE; PARATHYROID GLAND; PARATHYROIDECTOMY; PATHOGENESIS; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PREOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; THYROID HYPERPLASIA; FROZEN SECTION; PARATHYROID DISEASES; PATHOLOGY; PROCEDURES;

FROZEN SECTIONS; HUMANS; PARATHYROID DISEASES; PARATHYROID GLANDS; PARATHYROIDECTOMY;

EID: 77953212317     PISSN: 03090167     EISSN: 13652559     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03515.x     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Kwak JY, Kim E-K, Moon HJ et al. Parathyroid incidentalomas detected on routine ultrasound-directed fine needle aspiration biopsy in patients referred for thyroid nodules and the role of parathyroid hormone analysis in the samples. Thyroid 2009 19 743 748.
2. Sathe PA, Madiwale CV, Kandalkar BM, Bandgar TR, Shah NS, Menon PS. Primary hyperparathyroidism: a clinicopathological experience. Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol. 2009 52 313 320.
3. Carling T. Molecular pathology of parathyroid tumours. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2001 12 53 57.
4. Sheffield EA. An approach to common pathological conditions in the parathyroid glands. CPD Cellular Pathology. 2002 4 135 138.
5. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons position statement on the diagnosis and management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocr. Pract. 2005 11 50 54.
6. Clark OH. How should patients with primary hyperparathyroidism be treated? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003 88 3011 3014.
7. Andersson P, Rydberg E, Willenheimer R. Primary hyperparathyroidism and heart disease - a review. Eur. Heart J. 2004 25 1776 1787.
8. Wheeler MH. Primary hyperparathyroidism: a surgical perspective. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 1998 80 305 312.
9. Silverberg SJ, Shane E, Jacobs TP, Siris E, Bilezikian JP. A 10-year prospective study of primary hyperparathyroidism with or without parathyroid surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999 341 1249 1255.
10. Chen H, Parkerson S, Udelsman RN. Parathyroidectomy in the elderly: do the benefits outweigh the risks? World J. Surg. 1998 22 531 536.
11. Harrison B. Commentary on "parathyroidectomy is safe and improves symptoms in elderly patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)". Clin. Endocrinol. 2009 71 766 767.
12. Palmer M, Bergstrom R, Akerstrom G, Adami H, Jakobsson S, Ljunghall S. Survival and renal function in untreated hypercalcaemia. Population-based cohort study with 14 years of follow-up. Lancet 1987 1 59 62.
13. Hedback G, Oden A. Increased risk of death from primary hyperparathyroidism - an update. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1998 28 271 276. (Pubitemid 28188301)
14. Hedback G, Oden A. Persistent disease after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism: the longterm outcome. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2004 150 19 25.
15. Yu N, Donnan PT, Murphy MJ, Leese GP. Epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism in Tayside, Scotland, UK. Clin. Endocrinol. 2009 71 485 493.
16. Sneider MS, Solorzano CC, Montano RE et al. Sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism in young individuals: different disease and treatment? J. Surg. Res. 2009 155 100 103.
17. Cozzolino M, Pasho S, Fallabrino G, Olivi L, Gallieni M, Brancaccio D. Pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Int. J. Artif. Organs 2009 32 75 80.
18. Lomonte C, Cazzato F, Casucci F et al. Female hemodialysis patients have an increased risk of nodular hyperplasia of parathyroid glands. J. Nephrol. 2005 18 92 95.
19. Stracke S, Keller F, Steinbach G, Henne-Bruns D, Wuerl P. Long-term outcome after total parathyroidectomy for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephron 2009 11 102 109.
20. Favia G, Lumachi F, Polistina F, D'Amico DF. Parathyroid carcinoma: sixteen new cases and suggestions for correct management. World J. Surg. 1998 22 1225 1230.
21. Bossola M, Tazza L, Ferrante A et al. Parathyroid carcinoma in a chronic haemodialysis patient: case report and review of the literature. Tumori 2005 91 558 562.
22. Obregon LM, Taylor MF, Mir G et al. Parathyroidectomy for parathyroid carcinoma in renal transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 2005 37 973 976.
23. Awad SS, Miskulin J, Thompson N. Parathyroid adenomas versus four-gland hyperplasia as the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with prolonged lithium therapy. World J. Surg. 2003 27 486 488.
24. Szalat A, Mazeh H, Freund HR. Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism: report of four cases and review of the literature. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2009 160 317 323.
25. Wang C, Gaz RD. Natural history of parathyroid carcinoma. Diagnosis, treatment and results. Am. J. Surg. 1985 149 522 527.
26. Shaha AR, Jaffe BM. Cervical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism. J. Surg. Oncol. 1993 52 14 17.
27. Low RA, Katz AD. Parathyroidectomy via bilateral cervical exploration: a retrospective review of 866 cases. Head Neck 1998 20 583 587.
28. Goss JC, Landerholm R. A changing experience with primary hyperparathyroidism at group health cooperative, Seattle. Am. J. Surg. 2001 181 445 448.
29. Kacker A, Komisar A. Unilateral versus bilateral neck exploration in parathyroid surgery: an assessment of 55 cases. Ear Nose Throat J. 2001 80 530 534.
30. Bergenfelz A, Lindblom P, Tibblin S, Westerdahl J. Unilateral versus bilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Ann. Surg. 2002 236 543 551.
31. Bergenfelz AO, Jansson SK, Wallin GK et al. Impact of modern techniques on short-term outcome after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism: a multicenter study comprising 2,708 patients. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 2009 394 851 860.
32. Allendorf J, Kim L, Chabot J, DiGiorgi M, Spanknebel K, Logerfo P. The impact of sestamibi scanning on the outcome of parathyroid surgery. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003 88 3015 3018.
33. Harari A, Zarnegar R, Lee J, Kazam E, Inabnet WB 3rd., Fahey TJ 3rd. Computed tomography can guide focussed exploration in select patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and negative sestamibi scanning. Surgery 2008 144 970 976.
34. Gauger PG, Agarwal G, England BG et al. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring fails to detect double parathyroid adenomas: a 2-insitution experience. Surgery 2001 130 1005 1010.
35. Goldfarb M, O'Neal P, Shih JL, Hartzband P, Connolly J, Hasselgren PO. Synchronous parathyroid carcinoma, parathyroid adenoma, and papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with severe and long-standing hyperparathyroidism. Endocr. Pract. 2009 15 463 468.
36. Nottingham JM, Brown JJ, Bynoe RP, Bell RM, Haynes JL. Bilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism. Am. Surg. 1993 59 115 119.
37. Haven CJ, Howell VM, Eilers PHC et al. Gene expression of parathyroid tumours - molecular subclassification and identification of the potential malignant phenotype. Cancer Res. 2004 64 7405 7411.
38. Ogilvie CM, Brown PL, Matson M et al. Selective parathyroid venous sampling in patients with complicated hyperparathyroidism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2006 155 813 821.
39. Poppe K, Pipeleers-Marichal M, Flamen P et al. Non-secreting atypical parathyroid adenoma. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 2001 24 107 110.
40. Delellis RA. Tumours of the parathyroid gland.
41. Johnson SJ, Sheffield EA, McNicol AM. Best practice no 183: examination of parathyroid gland specimens. J. Clin. Pathol. 2005 58 338 342.
42. McNicol AM, Johnson SJ. Dataset for parathyroid cancer histopathology reports.
43. Dedeurwaerdere F, Van Damme B. Histopathology of the parathyroid glands. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Belg. 2001 55 95 101.
44. Stojadinovic A, Hoos A, Nissan A et al. Parathyroid neoplasms: clinical, histological, and tissue microarray-based molecular analysis. Hum. Pathol. 2003 34 54 64.
45. Shaha AR, Ferlito A, Rinaldo A. Distant metastases from thyroid and parathyroid cancer. ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec. 2001 63 243 249. (Pubitemid 32620177)
46. Rawat N, Khetan N, Williams DW, Baxter JN. Parathyroid carcinoma. Br. J. Surg. 2005 92 1345 1353.
47. Schantz A, Castleman B. Parathyroid carcinoma. A study of 70 cases. Cancer 1973 31 600 605.
48. Shane E, Bilezikian JP. Parathyroid carcinoma: a review of 62 patients. Endocr. Rev. 1982 3 218 226.
49. Chiofalo MG, Scognamiglio F, Losito S, Lastoria S, Marone U, Pezzullo L. Huge parathyroid carcinoma: clinical considerations and literature review. World J. Surg. Oncol. 2005 3 39 45.
50. Ou HY, Hung CJ, Hsu WH, Yu EH, Wu TJ. Variability of clinical presentation in three cases of parathyroid carcinoma. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 2003 102 266 269.
51. Weinstein LS, Simonds WF. HRPT2, a marker of parathyroid carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003 349 1691 1692.
52. Chang Y-J, Mittal V, Remine S et al. Correlation between clinical and histological findings in parathyroid tumours suspicious for carcinoma. Am. Surg. 2006 72 419 426.
53. Schoretsanitis G, Daskalakis M, Melissas J, Tsiftsis DD. Parathyroid carcinoma: clinical presentation and management. Am. J. Otolaryngol. 2009 30 277 280.
54. Cheah WK, Rauff A, Lee KO, Tan W. Parathyroid carcinoma: a case series. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore 2005 34 443 446.
55. Kung B, Winokur R, Cognetti D, O'Hara B, Rosen D. Parathyroid carcinoma: a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Ear Nose Throat J. 2009 88 E10 E13.
56. Caron P, Maiza JC, Renaud C, Cormier C, Barres BH, Souberbielle JC. High third generationsecond generation PTH ratio in a patient with parathyroid carcinoma: clinical utility of third generationsecond generation PTH ratio in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Clin. Endocrinol. 2009 70 533 538.
57. Osamura RY, Hunt JL. Current practices in performing frozen sections for thyroid and parathyroid pathology. Virchows Arch. 2008 453 433 440.
58. Temmim L, Sinowatz F, Hussein WI, Al-Sanea O, El-Khodary H. Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma: a case report with clinical and histological findings. Diagn. Pathol. 2008 3 46 51.
59. Tominaga Y, Tsuzuki T, Uchida K et al. Expression of PRAD1cyclin D1, retinoblastoma gene products, and Ki67 in parathyroid hyperplasia caused by chronic real failure versus primary adenoma. Kidney Int. 1999 55 1375 1383.
60. Kameyama K, Takami H, Umemura S et al. PCNA and Ki67 as prognostic markers in human parathyroid carcinomas. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2000 7 301 304.
61. Norman J, Politz D, Browarsky I. Diagnostic aspiration of parathyroid adenomas causes severe fibrosis complicating surgery and final histopathologic diagnosis. Thyroid 2007 17 1251 1255.
62. Alwaheeb S, Rambaldini G, Boerner S et al. Worrisome histologic alterations following fine-needle aspiration of the parathyroid. J. Clin. Pathol. 2006 59 1094 1096.
63. Spinelli C, Bonnadio AG, Berti P, Materazzi G, Miccoli P. Cutaneous spreading of parathyroid carcinoma after fine needle aspiration cytology. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 2000 23 255 257.
64. Shenton BK, Ellis H, Johnston ID, Farndon JR. DNA analysis and parathyroid pathology. World J. Surg. 1990 14 296 301.
65. Howard S, Anderson C, Diels W, Gerres K, Garcia B. Nuclear DNA density of parathyroid lesions. Pathol. Res. Pract. 1992 188 497 499.
66. Tuccari G, Abbona G, Giuffre G et al. AgNOR quantity as a prognostic tool in hyperplastic and neoplastic parathyroid glands. Virchows Arch. 2000 437 298 303.
67. Custodio MR, Montenegro F, Costa AF et al. MIBI scintigraphy, indicators of cell proliferation and histology of parathyroid glands in uraemic patients. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2005 20 1898 1903.
68. Zettinig G, Kurtaran A, Prager G et al. "Suppressed" double adenoma - a rare pitfall in minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Horm. Res. 2002 57 57 60.
69. Shan L, Nakamura M, Nakamura Y et al. Comparative analysis of clonality and pathology in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Virchows Arch. 1997 430 247 251.
70. Arnold A, Shattuck TM, Mallya SM et al. Molecular pathogenesis of primary hyperparathyroidism. J. Bonne Miner. Res. 2002 17 (Suppl. 2 N30 N36.
71. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM (TM). Johns Hopkins University
72. Tham E, Grandell U, Lindgren E et al. Clinical testing for mutations in the MEN1 gene in Sweden: a report on 200 unrelated cases. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007 92 3389 3395.
73. Iacobone M, Masi G, Barzon L et al. Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: a report of three large kindred. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 2009 394 817 825.
74. Shattuck TM, Valimaki S, Obara T et al. Somatic and germline mutations of the HRPT2 gene in sporadic parathyroid carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003 349 1722 1729.
75. Haven CJ, van Puijenbroek M, Tan MH et al. Identification of MEN1 and HRPT2 somatic mutations in paraffin-embedded (sporadic) parathyroid carcinomas. Clin. Endocrinol. 2007 67 370 376.
76. Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP, Bonne HG, Talpos GB, Horwitz MJ, Stewart AF. Therapeutic controversies in primary hyperparathyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1999 84 2275 2285.
77. Marx SJ, Simonds WF, Agarwal SK et al. Hyperparathyroidism in hereditary syndromes: special expressions and special managements. J. Bonne Miner. Res. 2002 17 (Suppl. 2 N37 N43.
78. Goodman WG, Quarles LD. Development and progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease: lessons from molecular genetics. Kidney Int. 2008 74 276 288.
79. Cetani F, Pardi E, Ambrogini E et al. Different somatic alterations of the HRPT2 gene in a patient with recurrent sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism carrying an HRPT2 germline mutation. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 2007 14 493 499.
80. Cozzolino M, Fallabrino G, Pasho S et al. Importance of vitamin D receptor activation in clinical practice. Contrib. Nephrol. 2009 163 213 218.
81. Harrison B. What steps should be considered in the patient who has had a negative cervical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism? Clin. Endocrinol. 2009 71 624 627.
82. Stalberg P, Delbridge L, van Heerden J, Barraclough B. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy and thyroidectomy - current concepts. Surgeon 2007 5 301 308.
83. Wells SA, Debenedetti MK, Doherty GM. Recurrent or persistent hyperparathyroidism. J. Bonne Miner. Res. 2002 17 (S2 N158 N162.
84. Wadstrom C, Zedenius J, Guinea A, Reeve TS, Delbridge L. Re-operative surgery for recurrent or persistent primary hyperparathyroidism. Aust. NZ J. Surg. 1998 68 103 107. (Pubitemid 28254922)
85. Rotstein L, Irish J, Gullane P, Keller MA, Sniderman K. Reoperative parathyroidectomy in the era of localisation technology. Head Neck 1999 20 535 539.
86. Meng Z, Zhang M, Tan J, Zhang Y, Jia Q, Zhang F. Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid imaging in a rare case of parathyroid lipoadenoma. Ann. Nucl. Med. 2009 23 317 320.
87. Levin KE, Clark OH. The reasons for failure in parathyroid operations. Arch. Surg. 1989 124 911 915.
88. Talbot M, Magarey C, Diamond T. Reoperative surgery for recurrent or persistent primary hyperparathyroidism. Aust. NZ J. Surg. 1999 69 395 396.
89. Uludag M, Isgor A, Yetkin G, Atay M, Kebudi A, Akgun I. Supernumerary ectopic parathyroid glands. Persistent hyperparathyroidism due to mediastinal parathyroid adenoma localized by pre-operative single photon emission computed tomography and intraoperative gamma probe application. Hormones 2009 8 144 149.
90. Miccoli P, Berti P, Materazzi G et al. Endoscopic bilateral neck exploration versus quick intraoperative parathormone assay (qPTHa) during endoscopic parathyroidectomy. Surg. Endosc. 2008 22 398 400.
91. Khaliq T, Khawar A, Shah SA, Mehboob A, Farooqui A. Unilateral exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak. 2003 13 588 591.
92. Thier M, Nordenstrom E, Bergenfelz A, Westerdahl J. Surgery for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and negative sestamibi scintigraph - a feasibility study. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 2009 394 881 884.
93. Siperstein A, Berber E, Barbosa GF et al. Predicting the success of limited exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism using ultrasound, sestamibi, and intraoperative parathyroid hormone: analysis of 1158 cases. Ann. Surg. 2008 248 420 428.
94. Sidhu S, Neill AK, Russell FJ. Long-term outcome of unilateral parathyroid exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism due to presumed solitary adenoma. World J. Surg. 2003 27 339 342.
95. Pitale A, Andrabi SI, Dolan SJ, Russell CF. Minimally invasive parathyroid exploration for solitary adenoma. Initial experience with an open, 'short incision' approach. Ulster Med. J. 2008 77 115 118.
96. Powell AC, Alexander HR, Pingpank JF et al. The utility of routine transcervical thymectomy for multiple endocrine neoplasia 1-related hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 2008 144 878 883.
97. Hindie E, Ugur O, Fuster D et al. A EANM parathyroid guidelines. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2009 36 1201 1216.
98. Tublin ME, Pryma DA, Yim JH et al. Localization of parathyroid adenomas by sonography and technetium tc 99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography before minimally invasive parathyroidectomy: are both studies really needed? J. Ultrasound Med. 2009 28 183 190.
99. Heizmann O, Viehl CT, Schmid R, Muller-Brand J, Muller B, Oertli D. Impact of concomitant thyroid pathology on pre-operative workup for primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur. J. Med. Res. 2009 14 37 41.
100. Yip L, Prym DA, Yim JH, Carty SE, Ogilvie JB. Sestamibi SPECT intensity scoring system in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. World J. Surg. 2009 33 426 433.
101. Norman J, Politz D. 5,000 parathyroid operations without frozen section or PTH assays: measuring individual parathyroid gland hormone production in real time. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2009 16 656 666.
102. Mihai R, Simon D, Hellman P. Imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism - an evidence-based analysis. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 2009 394 765 784.
103. Beggs AD, Hain SF. Localisation of parathyroid adenomas using 11C-methionine positron emission tomography. Nucl. Med. Commun. 2005 26 133 136.
104. Mihai R, Gleeson F, Buley ID et al. Negative imaging studies for primary hyperparathyroidism are unavoidable: correlation of sestamibi and high-resolution ultrasound scanning with histological analysis in 150 patients. World J. Surg. 2006 30 697 704.
105. Khan MS, Khan S, Vereb M et al. Ectopic parathyroid adenoma with Tc-99m MIBI washout: role of SPECT. Clin. Nucl. Med. 2006 31 713 715.
106. Damadi A, Harkema J, Kareti R, Saxe A. Use of pre-operative Tc99m-sestamibi scintigraphy and intraoperative hormone monitoring to eliminate neck exploration in mediastinal parathyroid adenocarcinoma. J. Surg. Educ. 2007 64 108 112.
107. Conrad DN, Olson JE, Hartwig HM, Mack E, Chen H. A prospective evaluation of novel methods to intraoperatively distinguish parathyroid tissue utilizing a parathyroid hormone assay. J. Surg. Res. 2006 133 38 41.
108. Riss P, Scheuba C, Asari R, Bieglmayer C, Niederle B. Is minimally invasive parathyroidectomy without QPTH monitoring justified? Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 2009 394 875 880.
109. Mihai R, Palazzo FF, Gleeson FV, Sadler GP. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy without intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Br. J. Surg. 2007 94 42 47.
110. Pang T, Stalberg P, Sidhu S et al. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using the lateral focused mini-incision technique without intra-operative parathyroid hormone monitoring. Br. J. Surg. 2007 94 315 319.
111. Pelliteri PK. The role of intraoperative measurement of parathyroid hormone in parathyroid surgery. J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2008 70 319 330.
112. Morris LF, Zanocco K, Ituarte PHG et al. The value of intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring in localised primary hyperparathyroidism: a cost analysis. Ann. Surg. Oncol 2010 17 677 685.
113. Adil E, Adil T, Fedok F, Kauffman G, Goldenberg D. Minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy performed for primary hyperparathyroidism. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2009 141 34 38.
114. Baloch MN, Aslam T, Maher M. Surgical management of hyperparathyroidism. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak. 2007 17 683 685.