Pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism

International Journal of Artificial Organs

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 75-80

  Cozzolino, Mario ^a   Pasho, Sabina ^a   Fallabrino, Giuditta ^a   Olivi, Laura ^a   Gallieni, Maurizio ^a   Brancaccio, Diego ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Calcium; Phosphate; PTH; Renal failure; Vitamin D

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; METABOLISM; VITAMINS;

CALCIUM LEVELS; CALCIUM SENSING RECEPTORS; CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE; CONDITION; HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; MOLECULAR MECHANISM; PTH; RENAL FAILURE; RENAL FUNCTIONS; VITAMIN-D;

CELL CULTURE;

CALCIUM; CALCIUM SENSING RECEPTOR; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 23; PARATHYROID HORMONE; PHOSPHATE; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

CALCIUM BLOOD LEVEL; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; HUMAN; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM;

EID: 67649380728     PISSN: 03913988     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/039139880903200203     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Cozzolino M, Galassi A, Gallieni M, Brancaccio D. Pathogenesis and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients: the role of paricalcitol. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 208; 6: 148-53.
2. Moe S, Drüeke T, Cunningham J, et al. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2006; 69: 1945-53.
3. Emmett M. What does serum fibroblast growth factor 23 do in hemodialysis patients? Kidney Int 2008; 73: 3-5.
4. Gutierrez OM, Mannstadt M, Isakova T, et al. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 an mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 584-92.
5. Heaney RP. Thinking straight about calcium. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 503-5.
6. Matkrovic V. Calcium intake and peak bone mass. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 119-20.
7. Kos CH, Karaplis AC, Peng J-B, et al. The calcium-sensing receptor is required for normal calcium homeostasis independent of parathyroid hormone. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 1021-8.
8. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 42: S1-201.
9. Brown EM. Calcium receptor and regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2000; 1: 307-15.
10. Ho C, Conner DA, Pollak MR, et al. A mouse model of human familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Nat Genet 1995; 11: 389-94.
11. Li YC, Amling M, Pirro AE, et al. Normalization of mineral on homeostasis by dietary means prevents hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, but not alopecia in vitamin D receptor-ablated mice. Endocrinology 1998; 139: 4391-6.
12. Cozzolino M, Lu Y, Sato T, et al. A critical role for enhanced-TGFalpha and EGFR expression in the initiation of parathyroid hyperplasia in experimental kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 289: F1096-102.
13. Gotch F. Calcium and phosphorus kinetics in hemodialysis therapy. Contrib Nephrol 2008; 161: 210-4.
14. Portale AA, Halloran BP, Morris RC Jr. Physiologic regulation of the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by phosphorus in normal men. J Clin Invest 1989, 83: 1494-9.
15. Messa PG. Impact of Ca/P disorders on risks and comorbidities. Contrib Nephrol 2008; 161: 215-21.
16. Cozzolino M, Galassi A, Pasho S, et al. Preventive measures and new pharmacological approaches of calcium and phosphate disorders. Contrib Nephrol 2008; 161: 234-9.
17. Delmez JA, Slatopolsky E. Hyperphosphatemia: its consequences and treatment in patients with chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1992; 19: 303-17.
18. Rodriguez M, Almaden Y, Hernandez A, Torres A. Effect of phosphate on the parathyroid gland: direct and indirect? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1996; 5: 321-8.
19. Moallem E, Kilav R, Silver J, Naveh-Many T. RNA-Protein binding and post-transcriptional regulation of parathyroid hormone gene expression by calcium and phosphate. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 5253-9.
20. Wang Q, Palnitkar S, Parfitt AM. Parathyroid cell proliferation in normal human parathyroid tissue: implications for the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism. Clin Endocrinol 1997; 46: 343-9.
21. WAF1 and TGF-alpha mediate parathyroid growth arrest by vitamin D and high calcium. Kidney Int 2001; 60: 2109-17.
22. Dusso AS, Sato T, Arcidiacono MV, et al. Pathogenic mechanisms for parathyroid hyperplasia. Kidney Int Suppl 2006; 102: S8-11.
23. Arcidiacono MV, Sato T, Alvarez-Hernandez D, et al. EGFR activation increases parathyroid hyperplasia and calcitriol resistance in kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19: 310-20.
24. Arcidiacono MV, Cozzolino M, Spiegel N, et al. Activator Protein 2alpha Mediates Parathyroid TGF-alpha Self-Induction in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19: 1919-28.
25. Darwin H, DeLuca H. Vitamin D-regulated gene expression. Crit Rev Eukaryotic Gene Expression 1993, 3: 89.
26. Kremer R, Bolivar I, Golztman D, Hendly GN. Influence of calcium and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on proliferation and proto-oncogene expression in primary cultures of bovine parathyroid cells. Endocrinology 1989; 125: 935-41.
27. Taniguchi M, Tokumoto M, Matsuo D, et al. Parathyroid growth and regression in experimental uremia. Kidney Int 2006, 69: 464-70.
28. Naveh-Many T and Silver J. Regulation of parathyroid hormone gene expression by hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, and vitamin D in the rat. J Clin Invest 1990; 86: 1313-9.
29. Dusso A, Cozzolino M, Lu Y, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D downregulation of TGFα/EGFR expression and growth signaling: a mechanism for the antiproliferative actions of the sterol in parathyroid hyperplasia of renal failure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004, 89-90: 507-11.
30. Cordero JB, Cozzolino M, Lu Y, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D downregulates cell membrane growth- and nuclear growth-promoting signals by the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 38965-71.
31. Martinez I, Saracho R, Montenegro J, Llach F. A deficit of calcitriol synthesis may not be the initial factor in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11 (Suppl 3): S22-8.
32. Reichel H, Deibert B, Schmidt-Gayk H, Ritz E. Calcium metabolism in early chronic renal failure, implications for the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991; 6: 162-9.
33. Ben-Dov IZ, Galitzer H, Lavi-Moshayoff V, et al. The parathyroid is a target organ for FGF23 in rats. J Clin Invest 2007; 117: 4003-8.
34. Shimada T, Hasegawa H, Yamazaki Y, et al. FGF-23 is a potent regulator of vitamin D metabolism and phosphate homeostasis. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19: 429-35.
35. Inoue Y, Segawa H, Kaneko I, et al. Role of the vitamin D receptor in FGF23 action on phosphate metabolism. Biochem J 2005; 390: 325-31.
36. Shimada T, Yamazaki Y, Takahashi M, et al. Vitamin D receptor independent FGF23 actions in regulating phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 289: F1088-95.
37. Baum M, Schiavi S, Dwarakanath V, et al. Effect of fibroblast growth factor-23 on phosphate transport in proximal tubules. Kidney Int 2005; 68: 1148-53.
38. Imanishi Y, Inaba M, Nakatsuka K, et al FGF-23 in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Kidney Int 2004; 65: 1943-6.
39. Nakanishi S, Kazama JJ, Nii-Kono T, et al. Serum fibroblast growth factor-23 levels predict the future refractory hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2005; 67: 1171-8.
40. Kazama JJ, Sato F, Omori K, et al. Pretreatment serum FGF-23 levels predict the efficacy of calcitriol therapy in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2005; 67: 1120-5