메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 27-52

The effects of music relaxation on sleep quality and emotional measures in people living with schizophrenia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 77953005809     PISSN: 00222917     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jmt/47.1.27     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 84870465485 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association. (4th ed., DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American psychiatric press
    • American Psychiatric Association.(1994).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV).Washington, DC: American psychiatric press.
    • (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 3
    • 77952990627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ramat Gan: Bar han University (Hebrew)
    • Aznir, D.(1999).Meat the tones.Ramat Gan: Bar han University (Hebrew).
    • (1999) Meat the Tones
    • Aznir, D.1
  • 7
    • 0023838259 scopus 로고
    • Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression: Inventory twenty-five years of evaluation
    • Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Garbin, M.(1988).Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory twenty-five years of evaluation.Clinical Psychology Review,8, 77-100.
    • (1988) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.8 , pp. 77-100
    • Beck, A.T.1    Steer, R.A.2    Garbin, M.3
  • 8
    • 34147199253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiology and neurobiology of the music experience
    • Boso, M., Polity, P., Barale, F., & Enzo, E.(2006).Neurophysiology and neurobiology of the music experience.Functional Neurology, 21(4), 187-191.
    • (2006) Functional Neurology , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 187-191
    • Boso, M.1    Polity, P.2    Barale, F.3    Enzo, E.4
  • 9
    • 0030912929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of service characteristics on functional outcomes from community support programs for persons with schizophrenia: A growth curve analysis
    • Brekke, J.S., Long, J.D., Nesbitt, N., & Sobel, E.(1997).The impact of service characteristics on functional outcomes from community support programs for persons with schizophrenia: A growth curve analysis.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(3), 464-475.
    • (1997) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 464-475
    • Brekke, J.S.1    Long, J.D.2    Nesbitt, N.3    Sobel, E.4
  • 10
    • 78651116398 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chiorpromazine or haloperidol on formation of 3-methoxytyrainine and normetanephrine in mouse brain
    • Carlsson, A., & Lindquist, M.(1963).Effects of chiorpromazine or haloperidol on formation of 3-methoxytyrainine and normetanephrine in mouse brain.Ada Phannacologica et Toxicologica, 20, 140-144.
    • (1963) Ada Phannacologica et Toxicologica , vol.20 , pp. 140-144
    • Carlsson, A.1    Lindquist, M.2
  • 11
    • 0036731939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insomnia as a predictor of symptom worsening following antipsychotic withdrawal in schizophrenia
    • Chemerinski, E., Ho, B.C., Flaum, M., Arndt, S., Fleming, F., & Andreansen, N.C.(2002).Insomnia as a predictor of symptom worsening following antipsychotic withdrawal in schizophrenia.Comprehensive Psychiahy, 43(5), 393-396.
    • (2002) Comprehensive Psychiahy , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 393-396
    • Chemerinski, E.1    Ho, B.C.2    Flaum, M.3    Arndt, S.4    Fleming, F.5    Andreansen, N.C.6
  • 12
    • 33645145267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of alternative medicine for the treatment of insomnia in the elderly
    • Cheriniack, P.E.(2006).The use of alternative medicine for the treatment of insomnia in the elderly.Psychogeriatrics, 6, 21-30.
    • (2006) Psychogeriatrics , vol.6 , pp. 21-30
    • Cheriniack, P.E.1
  • 13
    • 16344363427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep in untreated patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis
    • Chouinard, S., Poulin, J., Stip, E., & Godbout, R.(2004).Sleep in untreated patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(4),957-967
    • (2004) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 957-967
    • Chouinard, S.1    Poulin, J.2    Stip, E.3    Godbout, R.4
  • 14
    • 0023257348 scopus 로고
    • Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism
    • Cloninger, C.R.(1987).Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism.Science 236, 410-416.
    • (1987) Science , vol.236 , pp. 410-416
    • Cloninger, C.R.1
  • 15
    • 0026280897 scopus 로고
    • The tridimensional personality questionnaire: US normative data
    • Coninger, C.R., Przybeck, T.R., & Svrakic, D.M.(1991).The tridimensional personality questionnaire: US normative data.Psychological Reports, 69,1047-1057.
    • (1991) Psychological Reports , vol.69 , pp. 1047-1057
    • Coninger, C.R.1    Przybeck, T.R.2    Svrakic, D.M.3
  • 16
    • 33746295402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological aspects of primary insomnia: Implications for its treatment
    • Cortoos, A., Verstraeten, E., & Cluydts, R.(2006).Neurophysiological aspects of primary insomnia: Implications for its treatment Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10,255-266.
    • (2006) Sleep Medicine Reviews , vol.10 , pp. 255-266
    • Cortoos, A.1    Verstraeten, E.2    Cluydts, R.3
  • 18
    • 0035066988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic music for patients with psychiatric disorders
    • Covington, H.(2001).Therapeutic music for patients with psychiatric disorders.Holistic Nursing Psadice 15(2), 59-69.
    • (2001) Holistic Nursing Psadice , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 59-69
    • Covington, H.1
  • 20
    • 0035427004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does cognitive behavioral insomnia therapy alter dysfunctional beliefs about sleep
    • Edinger, J.D., Wohlgemuth, W.K, Radtke, K A., March, G.R., & Quillian, R.E.(2001).Does cognitive behavioral insomnia therapy alter dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.Sleep, 24(5), 591-599.
    • (2001) Sleep , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 591-599
    • Edinger, J.D.1    Wohlgemuth, W.K.2    Radtke, K.A.3    March, G.R.4    Quillian, R.E.5
  • 21
    • 0027439117 scopus 로고
    • Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: A new measure
    • Endicott, J., Nee, J., Harrison, W., & Blumenthal, R.(1993).Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: a new measure. Psychophannacology Bulletin, 29, 32 1-326.
    • (1993) Psychophannacology Bulletin , vol.29 , pp. 321-326
    • Endicott, J.1    Nee, J.2    Harrison, W.3    Blumenthal, R.4
  • 22
    • 13544271905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Music improves sleep quality in older adults
    • Good, M., & Lai, H.L.(2005).Music improves sleep quality in older adults.Journal of Advanced Nursing; 49(3), 234-244.
    • (2005) Journal of Advanced Nursing , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 234-244
    • Good, M.1    Lai, H.L.2
  • 24
    • 0001010603 scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia
    • In S.Hirsch & D.R.Weinberger (Eds.), Oxford: Blackweli scientific publications
    • Goldberg, T.E., & Gold,J.M.(1995).Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia.In S.Hirsch & D.R.Weinberger (Eds.), Schizophrenia (pp.146-162).Oxford: Blackweli scientific publications.
    • (1995) Schizophrenia , pp. 146-162
    • Goldberg, T.E.1    Gold, J.M.2
  • 26
    • 33745078318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep in healthy elderly: Sources of discrepancy between self and recorded sleep
    • In V.M.Kumar & H.N.Mallick (Eds.), (pp.).Medimond: International Proceedings
    • Haimov, I., Breznit.z, N., & Shioh, 5.(2006).Sleep in healthy elderly Sources of discrepancy between self and recorded sleep.In V.M.Kumar & H.N.Mallick (Eds.), Clinical and Neurophysiological Aspects of Sleep (pp.145-148).Medimond: International Proceedings.
    • (2006) Clinical and Neurophysiological Aspects of Sleep , pp. 145-148
    • Haimov, I.1    Breznitz, N.2    Shioh, S.3
  • 27
    • 0029090156 scopus 로고
    • Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs
    • Haimov, I., Lavie, P., Laudon, M., Herer, P., Vigder, C., & Zisapel, N.(1995).Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs.Sleep, 18(7), 598-603.
    • (1995) Sleep , vol.18 , Issue.7 , pp. 598-603
    • Haimov, I.1    Lavie, P.2    Laudon, M.3    Herer, P.4    Vigder, C.5    Zisapel, N.6
  • 29
    • 0031903740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of the evidence
    • Heinnchs, R. W., & Zakzanis, K. K. (1998). Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsycholog 12, 426-445.
    • (1998) Neuropsycholog , vol.12 , pp. 426-445
    • Heinnchs, R.W.1    Zakzanis, K.K.2
  • 31
    • 43049140819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of music therapy on anxiety in patients who are terminally III
    • Home-Thompson, A., & Grocke, D.(2008).The Effect of Music Therapy on Anxiety in Patients who are Terminally Ill.Journal of Palliative Medicine, 11(4),582-590.
    • (2008) Journal of Palliative Medicine , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 582-590
    • Home-Thompson, A.1    Grocke, D.2
  • 32
    • 45749147916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics: Sedation versus efficacy
    • Kane,J.M., & Sharif, Z.A.(2008).Atypical Antipsychotics: Sedation versus efficacy.Journal of clinical Psychiatiy, 69(1), 18-33.
    • (2008) Journal of clinical Psychiatiy , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-33
    • Kane, J.M.1    Sharif, Z.A.2
  • 33
    • 0037114801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia quality of life scale: Validation of the Japanese version
    • Kaneda, Y., Imakura, A., Fujii, A., & Ohmori, T.(2002).Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale: validation of the Japanese version.Psychiahy Research, 113, 107-113.
    • (2002) Psychiahy Research , vol.113 , pp. 107-113
    • Kaneda, Y.1    Imakura, A.2    Fujii, A.3    Ohmori, T.4
  • 34
    • 0023858453 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenics
    • Kay, S.R., Opler, L.A., & Lindenmayer,J.P.(1987).Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenics. Psychiatrj Research, 23,99-110.
    • (1987) Psychiatrj Research , vol.23 , pp. 99-110
    • Kay, S.R.1    Opler, L.A.2    Lindenmayer, J.P.3
  • 35
    • 0038182514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Music therapy: Impact of pain, sleep, and quality of life in law back pain
    • Kullich, W., Bernatzky, G., Hesse, H.P., Wendtner, F., & Likar, R.(2003).Music therapy: Impact of pain, sleep, and quality of life in law back pain.Wein Med Wochenschr, 153(9-10), 217-221.
    • (2003) Wein Med Wochenschr , vol.153 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 217-221
    • Kullich, W.1    Bernatzky, G.2    Hesse, H.P.3    Wendtner, F.4    Likar, R.5
  • 36
    • 37349078699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep and circadian rhythms: Key components in the regulation of energy metabolism
    • Laposky, A.D., Bass, J., Kohsaka, A., & Turek, F.W.(2008).Sleep and circadian rhythms: key components in the regulation of energy metabolism.FEBS L4terst, 582(1), 142-151
    • (2008) FEBS Leterst , vol.582 , Issue.1 , pp. 142-151
    • Laposky, A.D.1    Bass, J.2    Kohsaka, A.3    Turek, F.W.4
  • 37
    • 17844379697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Music and its effect on the physiological responses and anxiety levels on patients receiving mechanical ventilation: A pilot study
    • Lee, 0.K.A., Chung, Y.F.L., Chan, M.F., & Chan, W.M.(2005).Music and its effect on the physiological responses and anxiety levels on patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a pilot study.Journal of Clinical Nursing; 14, 609-620.
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Nursing , vol.14 , pp. 609-620
    • Lee, O.K.A.1    Chung, Y.F.L.2    Chan, M.F.3    Chan, W.M.4
  • 39
    • 37149021069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of the BPRS, the BDI and the BAI in dual diagnosis patients
    • Lykke, J., Morten Hesse, M., Austin, S.F., & Oestrich, I.(2008).Validity of the BPRS, the BDI and the BAI in dual diagnosis patients.Addictive Behaviors, 33,292-300.
    • (2008) Addictive Behaviors , vol.33 , pp. 292-300
    • Lykke, J.1    Morten Hesse, M.2    Austin, S.F.3    Oestrich, I.4
  • 42
    • 33746102977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the listening experiences during guided imagery and music therapy of outpatients with depression
    • Mei-Hsien, C., & Mei-Feng, L.(2006).Exploring the listening experiences during guided imagery and music therapy of outpatients with depression.Journal of Nursing Research, 14(2), 93-102.
    • (2006) Journal of Nursing Research , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-102
    • Mei-Hsien, C.1    Mei-Feng, L.2
  • 43
    • 0034094374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histamine HI receptor antagonists in the treatment of insomnia: Is there a rational basis for use?
    • Monti, J.M., & Monti, D.(2000).Histamine HI receptor antagonists in the treatment of insomnia: Is there a rational basis for use? CNS Drugs, 13(2),87-96.
    • (2000) CNS Drugs , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-96
    • Monti, J.M.1    Monti, D.2
  • 44
    • 1842481376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep in schizophrenia patients and the effects of antipsychotic drugs
    • Monti,J.M., & Monti, D.(2004).Sleep in schizophrenia patients and the effects of antipsychotic drugs.Sleep Medicine Reviews, 8, 133-148.
    • (2004) Sleep Medicine Reviews , vol.8 , pp. 133-148
    • Monti, J.M.1    Monti, D.2
  • 46
    • 0030917969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping with negative symptoms of schizophrenin patient and family perspectives
    • Mueser, K.T., Valentiner, D.P., & Agresta, J.(1997).Coping With Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenin Patient and Family Perspectives.Schizophrenia Bulletin, 23(2), 329-339.
    • (1997) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 329-339
    • Mueser, K.T.1    Valentiner, D.P.2    Agresta, J.3
  • 48
    • 43849108708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining mindfulness meditation with cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia: A treatment-development study
    • Ong, J.C., Shapiro, S.L., & Manber, K.(2007).Combining Mindfulness Meditation with Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Insomnia: A Treatment- Development Study.Behavior Therapy, 39(2), 171-182.
    • (2007) Behavior Therapy , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-182
    • Ong, J.C.1    Shapiro, S.L.2    Manber, K.3
  • 50
    • 0037726724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep architecture and its clinical correlates in first episode and neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia
    • Poulin, J., Daoust, A.M., & Forest, G.(2003).Sleep architecture and its clinical correlates in first episode and neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia Research, 62, 147-153.
    • (2003) Schizophrenia Research , vol.62 , pp. 147-153
    • Poulin, J.1    Daoust, A.M.2    Forest, G.3
  • 52
    • 0029015928 scopus 로고
    • The role of actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep disorders
    • Sadeh, A., Hauri, P.J., Kripke, D.F., & Lavie, P.(1995).The role of actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep disorders.Sleep, 18, 288-302.
    • (1995) Sleep , vol.18 , pp. 288-302
    • Sadeh, A.1    Hauri, P.J.2    Kripke, D.F.3    Lavie, P.4
  • 53
    • 31944437767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sleep deprivation and exercise on cognitive, motor performance and mood
    • Scott, J.P.K., McNaughton, L.K., & Polman, K.C.J.(2006).Effects of sleep deprivation and exercise on cognitive, motor performance and mood.Physiology & Behavior, 87, 396-408.
    • (2006) Physiology & Behavior , vol.87 , pp. 396-408
    • Scott, J.P.K.1    McNaughton, L.K.2    Polman, K.C.J.3
  • 57
    • 4444322127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of background music in quality of sleep in elementary school children
    • Tan, L.P.(2004).The effects of background music in quality of sleep in elementary school children.Journal of Music Therapy, 41(2), 128-150.
    • (2004) Journal of Music Therapy , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 128-150
    • Tan, L.P.1
  • 58
    • 0028024168 scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitative effect of music therapy for residual schizophrenia.A one-month randomized controlled trial in Shanghai
    • Tang, W., Yao, X., & Zheng, Z.(1994).Rehabilitative effect of music therapy for residual schizophrenia.A one-month randomized controlled trial in Shanghai.The British Journal of Psychiatry, 24, 38-44.
    • (1994) The British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 38-44
    • Tang, W.1    Yao, X.2    Zheng, Z.3
  • 59
    • 33750580167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of music listening on older adults undergoing cardiovascular surgery
    • Tulsa, E., Seaver,J., & McCaBeey, K.(2006).The effect of music listening on older adults undergoing cardiovascular surgery.Nursing in Critical Care, 11(5),224-231.
    • (2006) Nursing in Critical Care , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 224-231
    • Tulsa, E.1    Seaver, J.2    McCaBeey, K.3
  • 61
    • 35148881658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The additional therapeutic effect of group music therapy for schizophrenic patients: A randomized study
    • Ulrich, G., Houtmans, T., & Gold, C.(2007).The additional therapeutic effect of group music therapy for schizophrenic patients: a randomized study.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 116, 362-370.
    • (2007) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , Issue.116 , pp. 362-370
    • Ulrich, G.1    Houtmans, T.2    Gold, C.3
  • 63
    • 84986099516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Music lessons on prescription? The impact of music lessons for children with chronic anxiety problems
    • Walker, J., & Boyce-Tiiman, J.(2002).Music lessons on prescription? The impact of music lessons for children with chronic anxiety problems.Health Education,102(4), 172-179.
    • (2002) Health Education , vol.102 , Issue.4 , pp. 172-179
    • Walker, J.1    Boyce-Tiiman, J.2
  • 64
    • 34249803556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for insomnia
    • Wallace, B., & Mendelson, M.D.(2007).Combining Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Therapies for insomnia.The Journal of Clinical Psychiatsy,68(5), 19-23.
    • (2007) The Journal of Clinical Psychiatsy , vol.68 , Issue.5 , pp. 19-23
    • Wallace, B.1    Mendelson, M.D.2
  • 65
    • 7444260731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of music on major depression in psychiatric inpatients
    • Wei-Chi, H., & Hui-Ung, L.(2004).Effects of music on major depression in psychiatric inpatients.Archives of Psychiatric Nursin& 18(5), 193-199.
    • (2004) Archives of Psychiatric Nursing , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 193-199
    • Wei-Chi, H.1    Hui-Ung, L.2
  • 68
    • 0032431244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial rehabilitation effects of music therapy in chronic schizophrenia
    • Yang, W.Y., Weng, Y.Z., Zhang, H.Y., & Ma, B.(1998).Psychosocial rehabilitation effects of music therapy in chronic schizophrenia.Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry, 8,38-40.
    • (1998) Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry , vol.8 , pp. 38-40
    • Yang, W.Y.1    Weng, Y.Z.2    Zhang, H.Y.3    Ma, B.4
  • 69
    • 0036689717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of music and pre-operative anxiety in Chinese men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate
    • Yung, P.M.B., Chui-Kam, S., French, P., & Chan, T.M.F.(2002).A controlled trial of music and pre-operative anxiety in Chinese men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate.Journal of Advanced Nursin& 39(4), 352-359.
    • (2002) Journal of Advanced Nursing , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 352-359
    • Yung, P.M.B.1    Chui-Kam, S.2    French, P.3    Chan, T.M.F.4
  • 70
    • 33747189482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptom patterns in patients with chronic schizophrenia and subsyndromal depression
    • Zisook, S., Maren, N., Kasckow,J., Golshan, S., Lehman, D., & Montross, L (2006).Depressive symptom patterns in patients with chronic schizophrenia and subsyndromal depression.Schizophrenia Research, 86(1-8), 226-288
    • (2006) Schizophrenia Research , vol.86 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 226-233
    • Zisook, S.1    Maren, N.KasckowJ.2    Golshan, S.3    Lehman, D.4    Montross, L.5
  • 71
    • 38049100309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effective of background music on behavior in Alzheimer's patients
    • Ziv, N., Granot, A., Hal, S., Dassa, A., & Haimov, I.(2007).The effective of background music on behavior in Alzheimer's patients.Journal of Music Therapy, 44(4), 829-1343
    • (2007) Journal of Music Therapy , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 329-343
    • Ziv, N.1    Granot, A.2    Hal, S.3    Dassa, A.4    Haimov, I.5
  • 72
    • 0000145966 scopus 로고
    • Mini sleep questionnaire(MSQ) for screening large populations for EDS complaints
    • In W.P.Koella, E.Ruther, & H.Schulz (Eds.), (pp.).New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag
    • Zomer,J., Peled, K., Rubin, A.H.E., & Lavie, P.(1985).Mini Sleep Questionnaire(MSQ) for screening large populations for EDS complaints.In W.P.Koella, E.Ruther, & H.Schulz (Eds.), Skep (pp.467-469).New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
    • (1985) Sleep , pp. 467-469
    • Zomer, J.1    Peled, K.2    Rubin, A.H.E.3    Lavie, P.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.