Surgical Treatment of Gallstones

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 229-244

  Gurusamy, Kurinchi S ^a   Davidson, Brian R ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cholecystectomy; Choledocholithiasis; Cholelithiasis; Gallstones; Operative; Postoperative complications; Surgical procedures

Indexed keywords

ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS; ACUTE PANCREATITIS; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CLINICAL TRIAL; ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC SPHINCTEROTOMY; EXTRACORPOREAL LITHOTRIPSY; GALLSTONE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE; PATIENT SAFETY; PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC DRAINAGE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PREGNANT WOMAN; PRIMARY PREVENTION; REVIEW; SURGICAL APPROACH; SURGICAL MORTALITY; SURGICAL RISK; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREATMENT INDICATION; CHOLELITHIASIS; GALLSTONES; PROCEDURES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CHOLELITHIASIS; GALLSTONES; HUMANS; SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77952800223     PISSN: 08898553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.004     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Prevalence of gallstone disease in an Italian adult female population. Rome Group for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO). Am J Epidemiol 1984, 119(5):796-805.
2. The epidemiology of gallstone disease in Rome, Italy. Part I. Prevalence data in men. The Rome Group for Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO). Hepatology 1988, 8(4):904-906.
3. Halldestam I., Enell E.L., Kullman E., et al. Development of symptoms and complications in individuals with asymptomatic gallstones. Br J Surg 2004, 91(6):734-738.
4. Bates T., Harrison M., Lowe D., et al. Longitudinal study of gall stone prevalence at necropsy. Gut 1992, 33(1):103-107.
5. Attili A.F., De Santis A., Capri R., et al. The natural history of gallstones: the GREPCO experience. The GREPCO Group. Hepatology 1995, 21(3):655-660.
6. Del Favero G., Caroli A., Meggiato T., et al. Natural history of gallstones in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A prospective 5-year follow-up. Dig Dis Sci 1994, 39(8):1704-1707.
7. Berger M.Y., van der Velden J.J.I.M., Lijmer J.G., et al. Abdominal symptoms: do they predict gallstones? A systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000, 35(1):70-76.
8. Berger M.Y., Olde Hartman T.C., Bohnen A.M. Abdominal symptoms: do they disappear after cholecystectomy?. Surg Endosc 2003, 17(11):1723-1728.
9. Venneman N.G., van Erpecum K.J. Gallstone disease: primary and secondary prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2006, 20(6):1063-1073.
10. Pavlidis T.E., Atmatzidis K.S., Papaziogas B.T., et al. Management of gallstone ileus. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2003, 10(4):299-302.
11. Randi G., Franceschi S., La Vecchia C. Gallbladder cancer worldwide: geographical distribution and risk factors. Int J Cancer 2006, 118(7):1591-1602.
12. Hsing A.W., Bai Y., Andreotti G., et al. Family history of gallstones and the risk of biliary tract cancer and gallstones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China. Int J Cancer 2007, 121(4):832-838.
13. Broden G., Bengtsson L. Carcinoma of the gallbladder. Its relation to cholelithiasis and to the concept of prophylactic cholecystectomy. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1980, 500:15-18.
14. Strasberg S.M., Clavien P.A. Overview of therapeutic modalities for the treatment of gallstone diseases. Am J Surg 1993, 165(4):420-426.
15. Akyurek N., Salman B., Yuksel O., et al. Management of acute calculous cholecystitis in high-risk patients: percutaneous cholecystotomy followed by early laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2005, 15(6):315-320.
16. Keus F., de Jong J., Gooszen Hein G., et al. Small-incision versus open cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, (4). CD004788.
17. Keus F., de Jong J., Gooszen Hein G., et al. Laparoscopic versus small-incision cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, (4). CD006229.
18. Keus F., de Jong J., Gooszen H.G., et al. Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, (4). CD006231.
19. Duca S., Bala O., Al-Hajjar N., et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: incidents and complications. A retrospective analysis of 9542 consecutive laparoscopic operations. HPB (Oxford) 2003, 5(3):152-158.
20. Tuveri M., Tuveri A. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: complications and conversions with the 3-trocar technique: a 10-year review. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2007, 17(5):380-384.
21. Giger U.F., Michel J.M., Opitz I., et al. Risk factors for perioperative complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: analysis of 22,953 consecutive cases from the Swiss Association of Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery database. J Am Coll Surg 2006, 203(5):723-728.
22. Schmidt S.C., Settmacher U., Langrehr J.M., et al. Management and outcome of patients with combined bile duct and hepatic arterial injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 2004, 135(6):613-618.
23. Sicklick J.K., Camp M.S., Lillemoe K.D., et al. Surgical management of bile duct injuries sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: perioperative results in 200 patients. Ann Surg 2005, 241(5):786-792.
24. Lillemoe K.D., Melton G.B., Cameron J.L., et al. Postoperative bile duct strictures: management and outcome in the 1990s. Ann Surg 2000, 232(3):430-441.
25. Moore D.E., Feurer I.D., Holzman M.D., et al. Long-term detrimental effect of bile duct injury on health-related quality of life. Arch Surg 2004, 139(5):476-481.
26. Azevedo J.L., Azevedo O.C., Miyahira S.A., et al. Injuries caused by Veress needle insertion for creation of pneumoperitoneum: a systematic literature review. Surg Endosc 2009, 23(7):1428-1432.
27. Ahmad G., Duffy J.M., Phillips K., et al. Laparoscopic entry techniques. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, (2). CD006583.
28. Fukagawa T., Katai H., Saka M., et al. Gallstone formation after gastric cancer surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 2009, 13(5):886-889.
29. Kobayashi T., Hisanaga M., Kanehiro H., et al. Analysis of risk factors for the development of gallstones after gastrectomy. Br J Surg 2005, 92(11):1399-1403.
30. Iglezias Brandao de Oliveira C. Adami Chaim E, da Silva BB. Impact of rapid weight reduction on risk of cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 2003, 13(4):625-628.
31. Villegas L., Schneider B., Provost D., et al. Is routine cholecystectomy required during laparoscopic gastric bypass?. Obes Surg 2004, 14(2):206-211.
32. Taylor J., Leitman I.M., Horowitz M. Is routine cholecystectomy necessary at the time of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass?. Obes Surg 2006, 16(6):759-761.
33. Li V.K., Pulido N., Fajnwaks P., et al. Predictors of gallstone formation after bariatric surgery: a multivariate analysis of risk factors comparing gastric bypass, gastric banding, and sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2009, 23(7):1640-1644.
34. Farsi M., Bernini M., Bencini L., et al. The CHOLEGAS study: multicentric randomized, blinded, controlled trial of gastrectomy plus prophylactic cholecystectomy versus gastrectomy only, in adults submitted to gastric cancer surgery with curative intent. Trials 2009, 10:32.
35. Friedman L.S., Roberts M.S., Brett A.S., et al. Management of asymptomatic gallstones in the diabetic patient. A decision analysis. Ann Intern Med 1988, 109(11):913-919.
36. Gumiero A.P., Bellomo-Brandao M.A., Costa-Pinto E.A. Gallstones in children with sickle cell disease followed up at a Brazilian hematology center. Arq Gastroenterol 2008, 45(4):313-318.
37. Greenstein S.M., Katz S., Sun S., et al. Prevalence of asymptomatic cholelithiasis and risk of acute cholecystitis after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 1997, 63(7):1030-1032.
38. Curro G., Meo A., Ippolito D., et al. Asymptomatic cholelithiasis in children with sickle cell disease: early or delayed cholecystectomy?. Ann Surg 2007, 245(1):126-129.
39. Chan S., Currie J., Malik A.I., et al. Paediatric cholecystectomy: shifting goalposts in the laparoscopic era. Surg Endosc 2008, 22(5):1392-1395.
40. Esposito C., Alicchio F., Giurin I., et al. Lessons learned from the first 109 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in a single pediatric surgery center. World J Surg 2009, 33(9):1842-1845.
41. Holcomb G.W., Morgan W.M., Neblett W.W., et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children: lessons learned from the first 100 patients. J Pediatr Surg 1999, 34(8):1236-1240.
42. St Peter S.D., Keckler S.J., Nair A., et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the pediatric population. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2008, 18(1):127-130.
43. Tucker O.N., Fajnwaks P., Szomstein S., et al. Is concomitant cholecystectomy necessary in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery?. Surg Endosc 2008, 22(11):2450-2454.
44. Patel J.A., Patel N.A., Piper G.L., et al. Perioperative management of cholelithiasis in patients presenting for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: have we reached a consensus?. Am Surg 2009, 75(6):470-476.
45. Rutledge D., Jones D., Rege R. Consequences of delay in surgical treatment of biliary disease. Am J Surg 2000, 180(6):466-469.
46. Somasekar K., Shankar P.J., Foster M.E., et al. Costs of waiting for gall bladder surgery. Postgrad Med J 2002, 78(925):668-669.
47. Sobolev B., Mercer D., Brown P., et al. Risk of emergency admission while awaiting elective cholecystectomy. CMAJ 2003, 169(7):662-665.
48. Friedman G.D., Raviola C.A., Fireman B. Prognosis of gallstones with mild or no symptoms: 25 years of follow-up in a health maintenance organization. J Clin Epidemiol 1989, 42(2):127-136.
49. Vetrhus M., Soreide O., Solhaug J.H., et al. Symptomatic, noncomplicated gallbladder stone disease. Operation or observation? A randomized clinical study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002, 37(7):834-839.
50. Salman B., Yuksel O., Irkorucu O., et al. Urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best management for biliary colic. A prospective randomized study of 75 cases. Dig Surg 2005, 22(1-2):95-99.
51. Macafee D.A., Humes D.J., Bouliotis G., et al. Prospective randomized trial using cost-utility analysis of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallbladder disease. Br J Surg 2009, 96(9):1031-1040.
52. Gurusamy K.S., Samraj K. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, (4). CD005440.
53. Gurusamy K.S., Samraj K., Gluud C., et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the safety and effectiveness of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg 2010, 97(2):141-150.
54. Papi C., Catarci M., D'Ambrosio L., et al. Timing of cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2004, 99(1):147-155.
55. Wilson E., Gurusamy K.S., Gluud C., et al. A cost utility and value of information analysis of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg 2010, 97(2):210-219.
56. Boo Y.J., Kim W.B., Kim J., et al. Systemic immune response after open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: a prospective randomized study. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2007, 67(2):207-214.
57. Kiviluoto T., Siren J., Luukkonen P., et al. Randomised trial of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for acute and gangrenous cholecystitis. Lancet 1998, 351(9099):321-325.
58. Johansson M., Thune A., Nelvin L., et al. Randomized clinical trial of open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg 2005, 92(1):44-49.
59. Frossard J.L., Steer M.L., Pastor C.M. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet 2008, 371(9607):143-152.
60. Frey C.F., Zhou H., Harvey D.J., et al. The incidence and case fatality rates of acute biliary, alcoholic, and idiopathic pancreatitis in California, 1994-2001. Pancreas 2006, 33(4):336-344.
61. Lowenfels A.B., Maisonneuve P., Sullivan T. The changing character of acute pancreatitis: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2009, 11(2):97-103.
62. Moretti A., Papi C., Aratari A., et al. Is early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography useful in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Dig Liver Dis 2008, 40(5):379-385.
63. Petrov M.S., van Santvoort H.C., Besselink M.G., et al. Early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography versus conservative management in acute biliary pancreatitis without cholangitis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Ann Surg 2008, 247(2):250-257.
64. Petrov M.S., Uchugina A.F., Kukosh M.V. Does endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography reduce the risk of local pancreatic complications in acute pancreatitis? A systematic review and metaanalysis. Surg Endosc 2008, 22(11):2338-2343.
65. McAlister V.C., Davenport E., Renouf E. Cholecystectomy deferral in patients with endoscopic sphincterotomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, (4). CD006233.
66. Kelly T.R., Wagner D.S. Gallstone pancreatitis: a prospective randomized trial of the timing of surgery. Surgery 1988, 104(4):600-605.
67. Mackie C.R., Wood R.A., Preece P.E., et al. Surgical pathology at early elective operation for suspected acute gallstone pancreatitis: preliminary report of a prospective clinical trial. Br J Surg 1985, 72(3):179-181.
68. Uhl W., Muller C.A., Krahenbuhl L., et al. Acute gallstone pancreatitis: timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in mild and severe disease. Surg Endosc 1999, 13(11):1070-1076.
69. Freeny P.C., Hauptmann E., Althaus S.J., et al. Percutaneous CT-guided catheter drainage of infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis: techniques and results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998, 170(4):969-975.
70. Taylor E., Wong C. The optimal timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in mild gallstone pancreatitis. Am Surg 2004, 70(11):971-975.
71. Dolan J.P., Diggs B.S., Sheppard B.C., et al. The national mortality burden and significant factors associated with open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 1997-2006. J Gastrointest Surg 2009, 13(12):2292-2301.
72. Ballal M., David G., Willmott S., et al. Conversion after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in England. Surg Endosc 2009, 23(10):2338-2344.
73. Heo J.H., Kang D.H., Jung H.J., et al. Endoscopic sphincterotomy plus large-balloon dilation versus endoscopic sphincterotomy for removal of bile-duct stones. Gastrointest Endosc 2007, 66(4):720-726. [quiz: 68, 71].
74. Green J., Better O. Systemic hypotension and renal failure in obstructive jaundice-mechanistic and therapeutic aspects. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995, 5(11):1853-1871.
75. Rege R. Adverse effects of biliary obstruction: implications for treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice. Am J Roentgenol 1995, 164(2):287-293.
76. Martin D.J., Vernon D.R., Toouli J. Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, (2). CD003327.
77. Hong D.F., Xin Y., Chen D.W. Comparison of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct for cholecystocholedocholithiasis. Surg Endosc 2006, 20(3):424-427.
78. Larraz-Mora E., Mayol J., Martinez-Sarmiento J., et al. Open biliary tract surgery: multivariate analysis of factors affecting mortality. Dig Surg 1999, 16(3):204-208.
79. Lella F., Bagnolo F., Rebuffat C., et al. Use of the laparoscopic-endoscopic approach, the so-called rendezvous technique, in cholecystocholedocholithiasis: a valid method in cases with patient-related risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis. Surg Endosc 2006, 20(3):419-423.
80. Morino M., Baracchi F., Miglietta C., et al. Preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy versus laparoendoscopic rendezvous in patients with gallbladder and bile duct stones. Ann Surg 2006, 244(6):889-893.
81. Rabago L.R., Vicente C., Soler F., et al. Two-stage treatment with preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) compared with single-stage treatment with intraoperative ERCP for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis with possible choledocholithiasis. Endoscopy 2006, 38(8):779-786.
82. Swahn F., Edlund G., Enochsson L., et al. Ten years of Swedish experience with intraductal electrohydraulic lithotripsy and laser lithotripsy for the treatment of difficult bile duct stones: an effective and safe option for octogenarians. Surg Endosc 2009, [Epub ahead of print].
83. Hatzidakis A.A., Prassopoulos P., Petinarakis I., et al. Acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients: percutaneous cholecystostomy vs conservative treatment. Eur Radiol 2002, 12(7):1778-1784.
84. Dunnington G., Alfrey E., Sampliner R., et al. Natural history of cholelithiasis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (cholelithiasis in cirrhotic patients). Ann Surg 1987, 205(3):226-229.
85. Orozco H., Takahashi T., Mercado M.A., et al. Long-term evolution of asymptomatic cholelithiasis diagnosed during abdominal operations for variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Am J Surg 1994, 168(3):232-234.
86. El-Awadi S., El-Nakeeb A., Youssef T., et al. Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients: a prospective randomized study. Int J Surg 2009, 7(1):66-69.
87. Ji W., Li L.T., Wang Z.M., et al. A randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension. World J Gastroenterol 2005, 11(16):2513-2517.
88. Sleeman D., Namias N., Levi D., et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Surg 1998, 187(4):400-403.
89. Ko C.W., Beresford S.A., Schulte S.J., et al. Incidence, natural history, and risk factors for biliary sludge and stones during pregnancy. Hepatology 2005, 41(2):359-365.
90. Kuy S., Roman S.A., Desai R., et al. Outcomes following cholecystectomy in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Surgery 2009, 146(2):358-366.
91. Chiappetta Porras L.T., Napoli E.D., Canullan C.M., et al. Minimally invasive management of acute biliary tract disease during pregnancy. HPB Surg 2009, 2009:829020.
92. Lu E.J., Curet M.J., El-Sayed Y.Y., et al. Medical versus surgical management of biliary tract disease in pregnancy. Am J Surg 2004, 188(6):755-759.
93. Hunter J.G., Swanstrom L., Thornburg K. Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum induces fetal acidosis in a pregnant ewe model. Surg Endosc 1995, 9(3):272-279.
94. Cruz A.M., Southerland L.C., Duke T., et al. Intraabdominal carbon dioxide insufflation in the pregnant ewe. Uterine blood flow, intraamniotic pressure, and cardiopulmonary effects. Anesthesiology 1996, 85(6):1395-1402.
95. Sylvester G.C., Khoury M.J., Lu X., et al. First-trimester anesthesia exposure and the risk of central nervous system defects: a population-based case-control study. Am J Public Health 1994, 84(11):1757-1760.
96. Abuabara S.F., Gross G.W., Sirinek K.R. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy is safe for both mother and fetus. J Gastrointest Surg 1997, 1(1):48-52.
97. Cosenza C.A., Saffari B., Jabbour N., et al. Surgical management of biliary gallstone disease during pregnancy. Am J Surg 1999, 178(6):545-548.