Predictors of sub-clinical enterovirus infections in infants: A prospective cohort study

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 459-468

  Witsø, Elisabet ^a   Cinek, Ondrej ^b   Aldrin, Magne ^c   Grinde, Bjørn ^a   Rasmussen, Trond ^a   Wetlesen, Turid ^a   Rønningen, Kjersti S ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL MOTOL   (Czech Republic)

^c NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER   (Norway)

Author keywords

Breastfeeding; Enterovirus; Infant; Multivariable logistic regression; Predictors; Prospective cohort study

Indexed keywords

BREASTFEEDING; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE PREVALENCE; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

ARTICLE; BREAST FEEDING; CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS;

AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; BREAST FEEDING; CATS; DOGS; ENTEROVIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS; FECES; HUMANS; INFANT; NORWAY; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUES; ODDS RATIO; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SIBLINGS; WATER SUPPLY;

CANIS FAMILIARIS; ENTEROVIRUS;

EID: 77952763799     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp333     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Cinek O, Witsø E, Jeansson S et al. Longitudinal observation of enterovirus and adenovirus in stool samples from Norwegian infants with the highest genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. J Clin Virol 2006;35:33-40.
2. Pallansch MA, Roos RP. Enteroviruses: polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE et al. (eds). Fields Virology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007, pp. 839-93.
3. Drescher KM, Tracy SM. The CVB and etiology of type 1 diabetes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008;323: 259-74.
4. Duijts L, Ramadhani MK, Moll HA. Breastfeeding protects against infectious diseases during infancy in industrialized countries. A systematic review. Matern Child Nutr 2009;5:199-210.
5. Chantry CJ, Howard CR, Auinger P. Full breastfeeding duration and associated decrease in respiratory tract infection in US children. Pediatrics 2006; 117:425-32.
6. Cushing AH, Samet JM, Lambert WE et al. Breastfeeding reduces risk of respiratory illness in infants. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147:863-70.
7. Duncan B, Ey J, Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Martinez FD, Taussig LM. Exclusive breast-feeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis media. Pediatrics 1993;91: 867-72.
8. Freeman K, Bonuck KA, Trombley M. Breastfeeding and infant illness in low-income, minority women: a prospective cohort study of the dose-response relationship. J Hum Lact 2008;24:14-22.
9. Golding J, Emmett PM, Rogers IS. Gastroenteritis, diarrhoea and breast feeding. Early Hum Dev 1997;49: S83-103.
10. Kramer MS, Kakuma R. Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; CD003517.
11. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G et al. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2007;153:1-186.
12. Kramer MS, Kakuma R. The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review. Adv Exp Med Biol 2004;554:63-77.
13. Lopez-Alarcon M, Villalpando S, Fajardo A. Breastfeeding lowers the frequency and duration of acute respiratory infection and diarrhea in infants under six months of age. J Nutr 1997;127:436-43.
14. Nejat F, Tajik P, Ghodsi SM et al. Breastfeeding: a potential protective factor against ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in young infants. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2008;1: 138-41.
15. Oddy WH, Sly PD, de Klerk NH et al. Breast feeding and respiratory morbidity in infancy: a birth cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2003;88:224-28.
16. Raisler J, Alexander C, O'Campo P. Breast-feeding and infant illness: a dose-response relationship? Am J Public Health 1999;89:25-30.
17. Scariati PD, Grummer-Strawn LM, Fein SB. A longitudinal analysis of infant morbidity and the extent of breastfeeding in the United States. Pediatrics 1997;99:E5.
18. Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: a pooled analysis. WHO Collaborative Study Team on the Role of Breastfeeding on the Prevention of Infant Mortality. Lancet 2000;355:451-55.
19. Hanson LA. Human milk and host defence: immediate and long-term effects. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1999;88:42-46.
20. Sadeharju K, Knip M, Virtanen SM et al. Maternal antibodies in breast milk protect the child from enterovirus infections. Pediatrics 2007;119:941-46.
21. Jenista JA, Powell KR, Menegus MA. Epidemiology of neonatal enterovirus infection. J Pediatr 1984;104: 685-90.
22. Witsø E, Palacios G, Cinek O et al. High prevalence of human enterovirus a infections in natural circulation of human enteroviruses. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44: 4095-100.
23. Gelfand HM, Holguin AH, Marchetti GE, Feorino PM. A continuing surveillance of enterovirus infections in healthy children in six united states cities. I. Viruses isolated during 1960 and 1961. Am J Hyg 1963; 78:358-75.
24. Kogon A, Spigland I, Frothingham TE et al. The virus watch program: a continuing surveillance of viral infections in metropolitan New York families. VII. Observations on viral excretion, seroimmunity, intrafamilial spread and illness association in coxsackie and echovirus infections. Am J Epidemiol 1969;89:51-61.
25. Kuramitsu M, Kuroiwa C, Yoshida H et al. Non-polio enterovirus isolation among families in Ulaanbaatar and Tov province, Mongolia: prevalence, intrafamilial spread, and risk factors for infection. Epidemiol Infect 2005;133: 1131-42.
26. Melnick J. Enteroviruses: polioviruses, coxsackievirus, echoviruses and newer enteroviruses. In: Raven L (ed.). Fields virology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven, 1996, pp. 655-710.
27. Tan DS, Lam SK. Enterovirus survey before and after poliomyelitis vaccination in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1978;9:301-07.
28. Viskari H, Ludvigsson J, Uibo R et al. Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and enterovirus infections in different European populations: results from the EPIVIR project. J Med Virol 2004;72: 610-17.
29. Stene LC, Witsø E, Torjesen PA et al. Islet autoantibody development during follow-up of high-risk children from the general Norwegian population from three months of age: design and early results from the MIDIA study. J Autoimmun 2007;29:44-51.
30. Joner G, Søvik O. Increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in Norwegian children 0-14 years of age 1973-1982. Diabetologia 1989;32:79-83.
31. Rønningen KS, Spurkland A, Iwe T, Vartdal F, Thorsby E. Distribution of HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles and DQA1-DQB1 genotypes among Norwegian patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Tissue Antigens 1991; 37:105-11.
32. Undlien DE, Friede T, Rammensee HG et al. HLA-encoded genetic predisposition in IDDM: DR4 subtypes may be associated with different degrees of protection. Diabetes 1997;46:143-49.
33. Verstrepen WA, Kuhn S, Kockx MM, Van De Vyvere ME, Mertens AH. Rapid detection of enterovirus RNA in cerebrospinal fluid specimens with a novel single-tube real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:4093-96.
34. World Health Organization. Indicators for Assessing Breastfeeding Practices.WHO/CDD/SER. 14 1991. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
35. Ogra PL, Rassin DK, Garofalo RP. Human Milk. In: Hummel T, Ehlers J, Polizzano F, Draud LA, Zanolle E (eds). Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infants. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2006, pp. 211-43.
36. Ogra PL, Karzon DT. The role of immunoglulins in the mechanism of mucosal immunity to virus infection. Pediatr Clin North Am 1970;17:385-400.
37. *02 in children with type 1 diabetes associated with enterovirus RNA. J Infect Dis 2003;187:1562-70.
38. Froeschle JE, Feorino PM, Gelfand HM. A continuing surveillance of enterovirus infection in healthy children in six United States cities. II. Surveillance enterovirus isolates 1960-1963 and comparison with enterovirus isolates from cases of acute central nervous system disease. Am J Epidemiol 1966;83:455-69.
39. Gamble DR. Isolation of Coxsackie viruses from normal children aged 0-5 years. Br Med J 1962;5270:16-18.
40. Abbaszadegan M, LeChevallier M, Gerba CP. Occurrence of viruses in US groundwaters. J Am Water Works Assoc 2003;95:107-20.
41. Abbaszadegan M, Huber MS, Gerba CP, Pepper IL. Detection of enteroviruses in groundwater with the polymerase chain reaction. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993;59: 1318-24.
42. Abbaszadegan M, Stewart P, LeChevallier M. A strategy for detection of viruses in groundwater by PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999;65:444-49.
43. Borchardt MA, Bertz PD, Spencer SK, Battigelli DA. Incidence of enteric viruses in groundwater from household wells in Wisconsin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003;69:1172-80.
44. Borchardt MA, Haas NL, Hunt RJ. Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004;70:5937-46.
45. Borchardt MA, Bradbury KR, Gotkowitz MB, Cherry JA, Parker BL. Human enteric viruses in groundwater from a confined bedrock aquifer. Environ Sci Technol 2007;41: 6606-1.
46. Rabe-Hesketh S, Skrondal A. Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling using Stata. College Station, Texas: Stata Press, 2005.