Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: A pooled analysis

Lancet

Volumn 355, Issue 9202, 2000, Pages 451-455

  Victora, C G ^a   Barros, A J D ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PELOTAS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; BREAST FEEDING; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DIARRHEA; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFANT; INFECTION; MALE; META ANALYSIS; MOTHER; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; SAFETY; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 0034606875     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)82011-5     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. HIV and infant feeding. Guidelines for decision-makers. 1998;WHO, Geneva.
2. Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. Human milk in the modern world. 1978;OUP, Oxford.
3. Feachem RG, Koblinski MA. Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: promotion of breastfeeding. Bull World Health Organ. 62:1984;271-291.
4. Jason JM, Nieburg P, Marks JS. Mortality and infectious diseases associated with infant-feeding practices in developing countries. Pediatrics. 74:1984;702-727.
5. Cunningham AS, Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. Breastfeeding and health in the 1980s: a global epidemiological review. J Pediatr. 118:1991;659-666.
6. Victoria CG. Infection and disease: the impact of early weaning. Food Nutr Bull. 17:1996;390-396.
7. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series. I:1996;Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge.
8. He-man SJ. Modelling the impact of breastfeeding by HIV-infected women on child survival. Am J Public Health. 80:1990;1305-1309.
9. Hu DJ, Heyward WL, Byers RH, et al. HIV infection and breastfeeding: policy implications through a decision analysis model. AIDS. 6:1992;1505-1513.
10. Del Fante P, Jenniskens F, Lush L, et al. HIV, breastfeeding and under-5 mortality: modelling the impact of policy decisions for or against breastfeeding. J Trop Med Hyg. 96:1993;203-211.
11. Nicoll A, Newell M-L, Van Praag E, Van de Perre P, Peckham C. Infant feeding policy and practice in the presence of HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 9:1995;107-119.
12. Khun L. Infant survival, HIV infection and feeding alternatives in less developed countries. Am J Public Health. 87:1997;926-931.
13. Nduati R. HIV and infant feeding: a review of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. 1998;WHO/UNAIDS, Geneva.
14. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet. 347:1996;1713-1727.
15. Victora CG, Huttly SRA, Fuchs SC, et al. International differences in clinical patterns of diarrhoeal deaths: a comparison of children from Brazil, Senegal, Bangladesh and India. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 11:1993;25-29.
16. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. 1:1980;International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.
17. Victora CG, Smith PG, Vaughan JP, et al. Evidence for a strong protective effect of breast-feeding against infant deaths due to infectious diseases in Brazil. Lancet. 2:1987;319-322.
18. de Francisco A, Morris J, Hall AJ, Schellenberg JRMS, Greenwood BM. Risk factors for mortality from acute lower respiratory tract infections in young Gambian children. Int J Epidemiol. 22:1993;1174-1182.
19. Vitamin A supplementation in northern Ghana: effects on clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and child mortality. Lancet. 342:1992;7-12.
20. Hanson LS, Ashraf R, Zaman S, Karlber J, Lindblad BS, Jalil F. Breastfeeding is a natural contraceptive and prevents disease and death in infants, linking infant mortality and birth rates. Acta Paediatr. 83:1994;3-6.
21. Yoon P, Black RE, Moulton LH, Becker S. Effects of not breastfeeding on the risk of diarrhoeal and respiratory mortality in children under 2 years of age in Metro Cebu, the Philippines. Am J Epidemiol. 143:1996;1142-1148.
22. Garenne M, Fontaine O. Assessing probable causes of deaths using a standardized questionnaire: a study in rural Senegal. Vallin J, D'Souza S, Palloni A. Measurement and analysis of mortality. 1986;123-142 Clarendon Press, Oxford.
23. Habicht JP, DaVanzo J, Butz WP. Does breastfeeding really save lives, or are potential benefits due to biases? Am J Epidemiol. 123:1986;279-290.
24. Sauls HS. Potential effect of demographic and other variables in studies comparing morbidity of breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. Pediatrics. 64:1979;523-527.
25. Victora CG. Case-control studies of the influence of breastfeeding on child morbidity and mortality: methodological issues. Atkinson SA, Hanson LA, Chandra RK. Breastfeeding, nutrition, infection and infant growth in developed and developing countries. 1990;405-418 ARTS Biomedical Publishers and Distributors, St John's, Canada.
26. Bauchner H, Leventhal JM, Shapiro ED. Studies of breast-feeding and infection: how good is the evidence? JAMA. 256:1986;887-892.
27. Feachem RG, Koblinski MA. Interventions for the control of diarrheal diseases among young children: promotion of breastfeeding. Bull World Health Organ. 62:1984;271-291.
28. Habicht JP, DaVanzo J, Butz WP. Mother's milk and sewage: their interactive effects on infant mortality. Pediatrics. 81:1988;456-461.
29. Goldberg HI, Rodrigues W, Thome AMT, Janowitz B, Morris L. Infant mortality and breast-feeding in Northeastern Brazil. Popul Stud. 38:1984;105-115.
30. Plank SJ, Milanesi ML. Infant feeding and infant mortality in rural Chile. Bull World Health Organ. 48:1973;203-210.
31. Molbak K, Gottschau A, Aaby P, Hojlyng N, Ingholt L, da Silva AP. Prolonged breast feeding, diarrhoeal disease, and survival of children in Guinea-Bissau. BMJ. 308:1994;1403-1406.
32. Palloni A, Aguirre GP, Lastiri S. The effects of breastfeeding and the pace of childbearing on early childhood mortality in Mexico. Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 28:1994;93-111.
33. Tekçe B. Oral rehydration therapy: an assessment of mortality effects in rural Egypt. Stud Fam Plann. 13:1982;315-327.
34. Janowitz B, Lewis JH, Parnell A, Hefnawi F, Younis MN, Serour GA. Breast-feeding and child survival in Egypt. J Biosoc Sci. 13:1981;287-297.
35. Nath DC, Land KC, Singh KK. Birth spacing, breastfeeding, and early child mortality in a traditional Indian society: a hazards model analysis. Soc Biol. 41:1994;168-180.
36. Shahidullah M. Breast-feeding and child survival in Matlab, Bangladesh. J Biosoc Sci. 26:1994;142-154.
37. Ahmad OB, Eberstein IW, Sly DF. Proximate determinants of child mortality in Liberia. J Biosoc Sci. 23:1991;313-326.
38. Majumder AK. Breast-feeding, birth interval and child mortality in Bangladesh. J Biosoc Sci. 23:1991;297-312.
39. Shamebo D, Muhe L, Sandstrom A, Freij L, Krantz A, Wall S. The Butijara Rural Health Project in Ethiopia: a nested case-referent (control) study of under-5 mortality and its health and behavioural determinants. Ann Trop Pediatr. 14:1994;201-209.
40. Narayanan I, Prakash K, Murthy NS, Gujral VV. Randomized controlled trial of effect of raw and pasteurized human milk and of formula in the incidence of neonatal infection. Lancet. 2:1984;1111-1113.
41. Gray RH, Simit G, Barss P. The use of verbal autopsy methods to determine selected causes of death in children. 1990;Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
42. Kalter HD, Gray RH, Black RE, Gultiano SA. Validation of postmortem interviews to ascertain selected causes of death in children. Int J Epidemiol. 19:1990;380-386.
43. Simonon A, Lepage P, Karita E, et al. An assessment of the timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 by means of polymerase chain reaction. J AIDS. 7:1994;952-957.
44. Bertolli J, St Louis ME, Simonds RJ, et al. Estimating the timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a breastfeeding population in Kinshasa, Zaire. J Infect Dis. 174:1996;722-726.
45. Kovar MG, Seerdula MK, Marks JS, Fraser DW. Review of the epidemiologic evidence for an association between infant feeding and infant health. Pediatrics. 74:1984;615-638.