Extracorporeal removal techniques for the poisoned patient: A review for the intensivist

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 139-148

  Fertel, Baruch S ^a   Nelson, Lewis S ^b   Goldfarb, David S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antidotes; Artificial; Charcoal; Kidney; Overdose; Poisoning; Toxicology

Indexed keywords

2 PROPANOL; 4 METHYLPYRAZOLE; ACETYLCYSTEINE; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ACTIVATED CARBON; ALCOHOL; ALUMINUM; AMANITIN; ATENOLOL; CARBAMAZEPINE; CHLORAL HYDRATE; DIGOXIN; ETHYLENE GLYCOL; LITHIUM; METHANOL; METHOTREXATE; PARACETAMOL; PARAQUAT; PHENOBARBITAL; SALICYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; THEOPHYLLINE; TRICHLOROETHANOL; VALPROIC ACID;

ALCOHOL INTOXICATION; ALKALINIZATION; ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY; CONTINUOUS HEMODIAFILTRATION; CONTINUOUS HEMOFILTRATION; CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; DETOXIFICATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INTOXICATION; HEMODIALYSIS; HEMOPERFUSION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; INTOXICATION; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; PERITONEAL DIALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEDATION; SIDE EFFECT; THERAPY EFFECT; TOXICOKINETICS; TREATMENT INDICATION; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

EID: 77952723312     PISSN: 08850666     EISSN: 15251489     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0885066609359592     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Tilstone WJ, Winchester JF, Reavey PC The use of pharmacokinetic principles in determining the effectiveness of removal of toxins from blood. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1979; 4 (1). 23-37.
2. Holubek WJ, Hoffman RS, Goldfarb DS, Nelson LS Use of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion in the poisoned patient: a 21 year American experience. Kidney Int. 2008; 74 (10). 1327-1334.
3. Goldfarb DS Principles and techniques applied to enhance the elimination of toxic compounds. In: Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS, eds. Goldfrankg's Toxicologic Emergencies. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006: 160-172.
4. Winchester JF, Boldur A., Oleru C., Kitiyakara C. Use of dialysis and hemoperfusion in treatment of poisoning. In: Daugirdas JT, Blake PG, Ing TS, eds. Handbook of Dialysis. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 300-322.
5. Hultén BA, Heath A., Knudsen K., Nyberg G., Starmark JE, Mårtensson E. Severe amitriptyline overdose: relationship between toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1992; 30 (2). 171-179.
6. Matzke GR Status of hemodialysis of drugs in 2002. J Pharm Pract. 2002; 15 (5). 405-418.
7. Shalkham AS, Kirrane BM, Hoffman RS, Goldfarb DS, Nelson LS The availability and use of charcoal hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoned patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006; 48 (2). 239-241.
8. Meyer RJ, Flynn JT, Brophy PD, et al. Hemodialysis followed by continuous hemofiltration for treatment of lithium intoxication in children. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 37 (5). 1044-1047.
9. Dehua G., Daxi J., Honglang X., Bin X., Yun L., Leishi L. Sequential hemoperfusion and continuous venovenous hemofiltration in treatment of severe tetramine poisoning. Blood Purif. 2006; 24 (5-6). 524-530.
10. van Bommel EF, Kalmeijer MD, Ponssen HH Treatment of life-threatening lithium toxicity with high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Am J Nephrol. 2000; 20 (5). 408-411.
11. Forni LG, Hilton PJ Continuous hemofiltration in the treatment of acute renal failure. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336 (18). 1303-1309.
12. Davies JG, Kingswood JC, Sharpstone P., et al. Drug removal in continuous haemofiltration and haemodialysis. Br J Hosp Med. 1995; 54 (10). 524-528.
13. Churchwell MD, Pasko DA, Smoyer WE, Mueller BA Enhanced clearance of highly protein-bound drugs by albumin-supplemented dialysate during modeled continuous hemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009; 24 (1). 231-238.
14. Feinfeld DA, Rosenberg JW, Winchester JF Three controversial issues in extracorporeal toxin removal. Semin Dial. 2006; 19 (5). 358-362.
15. Farooq MM, Freischlag JA Peritoneal dialysis: an increasingly popular option. Semin Vasc Surg. 1997; 10 (3). 144-150.
16. Vale JA, Prior JG, Og'Hare JP, Flanagan RJ, Feehally J. Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with peritoneal dialysis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982; 284 (6315). 557.
17. Brown EA, Pawlikowski TR Lithium intoxication treated by peritoneal dialysis. Br J Clin Pract. 1981; 35 (2). 90-91.
18. Etchart LW Peritoneal dialysis in salicylate intoxication. Rocky Mt Med J. 1965; 62 (11). 55-56.
19. Miceli JN, Bidani A., Aronow R. Peritoneal dialysis of theophylline. Clin Toxicol. 1979; 14 (5). 539-544.
20. Fertel BS, Nelson LS, Goldfarb DS The underutilization of hemodialysis in patients with salicylate poisoning. Kidney Int. 2009; 75 (12). 1349-1353.
21. Maher JF, Schreiner GE The dialysis of poisons and drugs. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1968; 14: 440-453.
22. Pentel PR, Bullock ML, DeVane CL Hemoperfusion for imipramine overdose: elimination of active metabolites. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1982; 19 (3). 239-248.
23. Kraut JA, Kurtz I. Toxic alcohol ingestions: clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 3 (1). 208-225.
24. Freireich AW, Cinque TJ, Xanthaky G., Landau D. Hemodialysis for isopropanol poisoning. N Engl J Med. 1967; 277 (13). 699-700.
25. Greenberg MI, Hendrickson RG, Hofman M. Deleterious effects of endotracheal intubation in salicylate poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 2003; 41 (4). 583-584.
26. Stolbach AI, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS Mechanical ventilation was associated with acidemia in a case series of salicylate-poisoned patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2008; 15 (9). 866-869.
27. Okusa MD, Crystal LJT Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med. 1994; 97 (4). 383-389.
28. Sachs GS, Renshaw PF, Lafer B., et al. Variability of brain lithium levels during maintenance treatment: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Biol Psychiatry. 1995; 38 (7). 422-428.
29. Chen KP, Shen WW, Lu ML Implication of serum concentration monitoring in patients with lithium intoxication. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004; 58 (1). 25-29.
30. Waring WS Delayed cardiotoxicity in chronic lithium poisoning: discrepancy between serum lithium concentrations and clinical status. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007; 100 (5). 353-355.
31. Timmer RT, Sands JM Lithium intoxication. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999; 10 (3). 666-674.
32. Jaeger A., Sauder P., Kopferschmitt J., Tritsch L., Flesch F. When should dialysis be performed in lithium poisoning? A kinetic study in 14 cases of lithium poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1993; 31 (3). 429-447.
33. Kores B., Lader MH Irreversible lithium neurotoxicity: an overview. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1997; 20 (4). 283-299.
34. Strayhorn JM, Nash JL Severe neurotoxicity despite "therapeuticg'g' serum lithium levels. Dis Nerv Syst. 1977; 38 (2). 107-111.
35. Jacobsen D., Aasen G., Frederichsen P., Eisenga B. Lithium intoxication: pharmacokinetics during and after terminated hemodialysis in acute intoxications. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1987; 25 (1-2). 81-94.
36. Leblanc M., Raymond M., Bonnardeaux A., et al. Lithium poisoning treated by high-performance continuous arteriovenous and venovenous hemodiafiltration. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996; 27 (3). 365-372.
37. Goodman JW, Goldfarb DS The role of continuous venovenous replacement therapy in the treatment of poisoning. Semin Dial. 2006; 19 (5). 402-407.
38. Graw M., Haffner HT, Althaus L., Besserer K., Voges S. Invasion and distribution of methanol. Arch Toxicol. 2000; 74 (6). 313-321.
39. Kan G., Jenkins I., Rangan G., Woodroffe A., Rhodes H., Joyce D. Continuous haemodiafiltration compared with intermittent haemodialysis in the treatment of methanol poisoning. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003; 18 (12). 2665-2667.
40. Weiner SW Toxic alcohols. In: Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS, eds. Goldfrankg's Toxicologic Emergencies. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006: 1448-1459.
41. Brent J., McMartin K., Phillips S., et al. Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. Methylpyrazole for Toxic Alcohols Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340 (11). 832-838.
42. Howland MA Fomepizole. In: Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS, eds. Goldfrankg's Toxicologic Emergencies. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006: 1460-1464.
43. Lepik KJ, Levy AR, Sobolev BG, et al. Adverse drug events associated with the antidotes for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning: a comparison of ethanol and fomepizole. Ann Emerg Med. 2009; 53 (4). 439.e10-450.e10.
44. Sivilotti ML, Burns MJ, McMartin KE, Brent J. Toxicokinetics of ethylene glycol during fomepizole therapy: implications for management. Ann Emerg Med. 2000; 36 (2). 114-125.
45. Brent J., McMartin K., Phillips S., Aaron C., Kulig K. and the Methylpyrazole for Toxic Alcohols Study Group. Fomepizole for the treatment of methanol poisoning. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344 (6). 424-429.
46. Doyon S. Anticonvulsants. In: Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS, eds. Goldfrankg's Toxicologic Emergencies. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006: 732-745.
47. Jones AL, Proudfoot AT Features and management of poisoning with modern drugs used to treat epilepsy. QJM. 1998; 91 (5). 325-332.
48. Anderson GD A mechanistic approach to antiepileptic drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 1998; 32 (5). 554-563.
49. Al Aly Z., Yalamanchili P., Gonzalez E. Extracorporeal management of valproic acid toxicity: a case report and review of the literature. Semin Dial. 2005; 18 (1). 62-66.
50. Johnson LZ, Martinez I., Fernández MC, Davis CP, Kasinath BS Successful treatment of valproic acid overdose with hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999; 33 (4). 786-789.
51. Kroll P., Nand C. Hemodialysis in the treatment of valproic acid overdose. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002; 63 (1). 78-79.
52. Kielstein JT, Woywodt A., Schumann G., Haller H., Fliser D. Efficiency of high-flux hemodialysis in the treatment of valproic acid intoxication. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003; 41 (6). 873-876.
53. van Kuelen JG, van Wijk JA, Touw DJ, van der Deure J., Markhorst DG, Gemke RJ Effectiveness of haemofiltration in valproic acid intoxication. Acta Paediatr. 2001; 90 (8). 958-959.
54. Brahmi N., Kouraichi N., Thabet H., Amamou M. Influence of activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics and the clinical features of carbamazepine poisoning. Am J Emerg Med. 2006; 24 (4). 440-443.
55. Pilapil M., Petersen J. Efficacy of hemodialysis and charcoal hemoperfusion in carbamazepine overdose. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008; 46 (4). 342-343.
56. Schuerer DJ, Brophy PD, Maxvold NJ, Kudelka T., Bunchman TE High-efficiency dialysis for carbamazepine overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2000; 38 (3). 321-323.
57. Askenazi DJ, Goldstein SL, Chang IF, Elenberg E., Feig DI Management of a severe carbamazepine overdose using albumin-enhanced continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Pediatrics. 2004; 113 (2). 406-409.
58. Misbin RI, Green L., Stadel BV, Gueriguian JL, Gubbi A., Fleming GA Lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes treated with metformin. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338 (4). 265-266.
59. Spiller HA, Quadrani DA Toxic effects from metformin exposure. Ann Pharmacother. 2004; 38 (5). 776-780.
60. Bosse GM Antidiabetics and hypoglycemics. In: Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS, eds. Goldfrankg's Toxicologic Emergencies. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006: 749-763.
61. Barrueto F., Meggs WJ, Barchman MJ Clearance of metformin by hemofiltration in overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002; 40 (2). 177-180.
62. Chang CT, Chen YC, Fang JT, Huang CC Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: case reports and literature review. J Nephrol. 2002; 15 (4). 398-402.
63. Lalau JD, Andrejak M., Moriniere P., et al. Hemodialysis in the treatment of lactic acidosis in diabetics treated by metformin: a study of metformin elimination. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1989; 27 (6). 285-288.
64. Barrueto F., Meggs WJ, Barchman M. Clearance of metformin by hemofiltration in overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002; 40 (2). 177-180.
65. Kruse JA Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. J Emerg Med. 2001; 20 (3). 267-272.
66. Heaney D., Majid A., Junor B. Bicarbonate haemodialysis as a treatment of metformin overdose. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997; 12 (5). 1046-1047.
67. Parish RC, Doering PL Treatment of Amanita mushroom poisoning: a review. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1986; 28 (4). 318-322.
68. Saitz R., Williams BW, Farber HW Atenolol-induced cardiovascular collapse treated with hemodialysis. Crit Care Med. 1991; 19 (1). 116-118.
69. Wall SM, Johansen MJ, Molony DA, DuBose TD Jr, Jaffe N., Madden T. Effective clearance of methotrexate using high-flux hemodialysis membranes. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996; 28 (6). 846-854.
70. Dasta JF Paraquat poisoning: a review. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1978; 35 (11). 1368-1372.
71. Jacobs F., Brivet FG Conventional haemodialysis significantly lowers toxic levels of phenobarbital. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004; 19 (6). 1663-1664.
72. Buur T., Larsson R., Norlander B. Pharmacokinetics of chloral hydrate poisoning treated with hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. Acta Med Scand. 1988; 223 (3). 269-274.
73. Hoy WE, Gibson TP, Rivero AJ, et al. XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion for digitoxic patients with renal failure. Kidney Int. 1983; 23 (1). 79-82.
74. Clerckx-Braun F., Kadima N., Lesne M., Mahieu P., Vandenbroucke JM Digoxin acute intoxication: evaluation of the efficiency of charcoal hemoperfusion. Clin Toxicol. 1979; 15 (4). 437-446.
75. Warren SE, Fanestil DD Digoxin overdose. Limitations of hemoperfusion-hemodialysis treatment. JAMA. 1979; 242 (19). 2100-2101.
76. Lapostolle F., Borron SW, Verdier C., et al. Digoxin-specific Fab fragments as single first-line therapy in digitalis poisoning. Crit Care Med. 2008; 36 (11). 3014-3018.
77. Allen NM, Dunham GD, Sailstad JM, Findlay JW Clinical and pharmacokinetic profiles of digoxin immune Fab in four patients with renal impairment. DICP. 1991; 25 (12). 1315-1320.