The long-term clinical and MRI results following eccentric calf muscle training in chronic Achilles tendinosis

Skeletal Radiology

Volumn 39, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 435-442

  Gärdin, Anna ^a   Movin, Tomas ^a   Svensson, Leif ^a   Shalabi, Adel ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Achilles tendon; Eccentric exercise; Magnetic resonance imaging; Tendinopathy

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDINITIS; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LEG MOVEMENT; LONG TERM CARE; MALE; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE TRAINING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; TREATMENT DURATION;

ADULT; AGED; EXERCISE THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; TENDINOPATHY; THIGH; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77952547916     PISSN: 03642348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-009-0798-3     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Kvist M. Achilles tendon injuries in athletes. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1991;80:188-220.
2. Rolf C, Movin T. Etiology, histopathology and outcome of surgery in achillodynia. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:565-569
3. Curwin SL, Stanish WD. Tendinitis: its etiology and treatment. DC Heath Lexington, MA: Collamore; 1984.
4. Åström M, Rausing A. Chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a survey of surgical and histopatological findings. Clin Orthop. 1995;316:151-164
5. Józsa L, Kannus P. Human tendons: anatomy, physiology and pathology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1997.
6. Movin T, Gad A, Reinholt FP, Rolf C. Tendon pathology in long standing achillodynia: biopsy findings in 40 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1995;68:170-175
7. Öhberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Neovascularisation in Achilles tendons with painful tendinosis but not in normal tendons: an ultrasonographic investigation. Knee Surg Spots Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9:233-238
8. Alfredson H, Thorsen K, Lorentzon R. In situ microdialysis in tendon tissue: high levels of glutamate, but not prostaglandin E2 in chronic Achilles tendon pain. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1999;7:378-381
9. Alfredson H, Öhberg L, Forsgren. Is vasculo-neural ingrowth the cause of pain in chronic Achilles tendinosis? An investigation using ultrasonography and colour Doppler, immunohistochemistry and diagnostic injections. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2003;11:334-338
10. Bjur D, Alfredsson H, Forsgren S. The innervation pattern of the human Achilles tendon: studies of the normal and tendinosis tendon with markers for general and sensory innervation. Cell Tissue Res. 2005;320:201-206
11. Forsgren S, Danielsson P, Alfredsson H. Vascular NK-1 receptor occurrence in normal and chronic painful Achilles and patellar tendons: studies on chemically unfixed as well as fixed specimens. Regulatory Pept. 2005;126:173-181
12. McLauchlan GJ, Handoll HHG. Interventions for treating acute and chronic Achilles tendinitis. Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews 2001, issue 2. Art. No.: CD000232. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000232
13. Paavola M, Kannus P, Paakkala T, Pasanen M, Järvinen M. Longterm prognosis of patients with Achilles tendinopathy: an observational 8-year follow-up study. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28:634-642
14. Alfredson H, Pietilä T, Jonsson R, Lorentzon R. Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:360-366 (Pubitemid 28248723)
15. Costa ML, Shepstone L, Donell ST, Thomas TL. Shock wave therapy for chronic Achilles tendon pain: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;440:199-204.
16. Öhberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Ultrasound guided sclerosis of painful neovessels in painful chronic Achilles tendinosis: pilot study of a new treatment. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36:173-177
17. Rompe JD, Nafe B, Furia JP, Maffulli N. Eccentric loading, shock-wave treatment, or a wait-and-see policy for tendinopathy of the main body of tendo Achillis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:374-383
18. Öhberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Eccentric training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis: normalised tendon structure and decreased thickness at follow up. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38:8-11.
19. Shalabi A, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Svensson L, Aspelin P, Movin T. Eccentric training of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex in chronic Achilles tendinopathy results in decreased tendon volume and intratendinous signal as evaluated by MRI. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:1286-1289
20. Åström M, Gentz CF, Nilsson P, Rausing A, Sjöberg S, Westlin N. Imaging in chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a comparison of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in 27 histologically verified cases. Skeletal Radiol. 1996;25:615-620
21. Quinn SF, Murray WT, Clark RA, Cochran CF. Achilles tendon: MR Imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology. 1987;164:767-770
22. Movin T, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Shalabi A, Gad A, Aspelin P, Rolf C. Intratendinous alterations as imaged by ultrasound and contrast medium-enhanced magnetic resonance in chronic achyllodynia. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19:311-317
23. Shalabi A, Svensson L, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Aspelin P, Movin T. Tendon injury and repair following core-biopsies in chronic Achilles tendinosis evaluated by serial MR imaging. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(5):606-612
24. Shalabi A, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Aspelin P, Movin T. MR evaluation of chronic Achilles tendinosis: a longitudinal study of 15 patients preoperatively and two years postoperatively. Acta Radiol. 2001;42:269-276
25. Soila K, Karjalainen PT, Aronen HJ, Pihlajamaki HK, Tirman PJ. High-resolution MR imaging of the asymptomatic Achilles tendon: new observation. Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173:323-328
26. Shalabi A, Movin T, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Aspelin P, Svensson L. Reliability in the assessment of tendon volume and mean intratendinous signal of the Achilles tendon on MRI: a methodological description. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13:492-498
27. Cohen JA. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20:37-46.
28. Gärdin A, Bruno J, Movin T, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Shalabi A. Magnetic resonance signal, rather than tendon volume, correlates to pain and functional impairment in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Acta Radiol. 2006;47:718-724
29. Woodley BL, Newsham, West RJ, Baxter GD. Chronic tendinopathy: effectiveness of eccentric exercise. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:188-199
30. Mafi N, Lorentzon R, Alfredsson H. Superior short-term results with eccentric muscle training compared to concentric training in a randomised prospective multicenter study on patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9:42-47
31. Norregaard J, Larsen CC, Bieler T, Langberg H. Eccentric exercise in treatment of Achilles tendinopathy. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;17:133-138
32. Petersen W, Welp R, Rosenbaum D. Chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective randomised study comparing the therapeutic effect of eccentric training, the Air Heel brace, and a combination of both. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:1659-1667
33. Deoni SC, Williams SC, Jezzard P, Suckling J, Murphy DG, Jones DK. Standardized structural magnetic resonance imaging in multicentre studies using quantitative T(1) and T(2) imaging at 1.5 T. Neuroimage. 2008;40(2):662-671
34. McNeilly CM, Banes AJ, Benjamin M, Ralphs JR. Tendon cells in vivo form a three dimensional network of cell processes linked by gap junctions. J Anat. 1996;189:593-600.
35. Alfredson H, Lorentzon R. Intratendinous glutamate levels and eccentric training in chronic Achilles tendinosis: a prospective study using microdialysis technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2003;11:196-199
36. Öhberg L, Alfredson H. Effects on neovascularization behind the good results with eccentric training in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinosis? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2004;12:465-470