The non tumour uptake of 111In-octreotide creates new clinical indications in benign diseases, but also in oncology

Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Volumn 54, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 24-36

  Cascini, G L ^a   Cuccurullo, V ^b   Mansi, L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY MAGNA GRAECIA OF CATANZARO   (Italy)

^b SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

Autoimmune diseases; Diagnostic imaging; Fibrosis; Graves' ophthalmopathy; Octreotide; Sarcoidosis; Somatostatin

Indexed keywords

CORTISTATIN; OCTREOTIDE; PASIREOTIDE; PENTETREOTIDE; PENTETREOTIDE IN 111; RADIOISOTOPE; SOMATOSTATIN DERIVATIVE; SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR;

ACROMEGALY; CARCINOID; CUSHING DISEASE; ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY; ENTERITIS; FIBROBLAST; FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS; GASTROENTEROPANCREATIC TUMOR; GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOR; HISTIOCYTOSIS X; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; ISOTOPE LABELING; KINETICS; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; LYMPHOCYTE; MACROPHAGE; NEUROBLASTOMA; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR; NONHUMAN; ONCOLOGY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RADIOSURGERY; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SARCOIDOSIS; THERAPY EFFECT;

BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; OCTREOTIDE; RECEPTORS, SOMATOSTATIN; SOMATOSTATIN;

EID: 77952510480     PISSN: 18244785     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. de Jong M, Boerman OC, Krenning EP. Peptides and monoclonal antibodies in oncology: an introduction. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2003;18:591-592
2. Reubi JC. Peptide receptors as molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Endocr Rev 2003;24:389-427. (Pubitemid 37056239)
3. Heppeler A, Froidevaux S, Eberle AN, Maecke HR Receptor targeting for tumor localisation and therapy with radiopeptides. Curr Med Chem 2000;7:971-994
4. Kwekkeboom DJ, Krenning EP, de JongM Peptide receptor imaging and therapy. J Nucl Med 2000;41:1704-1713
5. Reubi JC, Lang W, Maurer R, Koper JW, Lamberts SWJ Distribution and biochemical characterization of somatostatin receptors in tumors of the human central nervous system. Cancer Res 1987;47:5758-5764 (Pubitemid 18046777)
6. Reubi JC, Waser B, Laissue JA, Gebbers J-O Somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in human mesenchymal tumors: in vitro identification. Cancer Res 1996;56:1922-1931
7. Krenning EP, de Jong M, Kooij PP, Breeman WA, Bakker WH, de Herder WW et al. Radiolabelled somatostatin analogue(s) for peptide receptor scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy. Ann Oncol 1999;10:23-29
8. Seregni E, Chiti A, Bombardieri E. Radionuclide imaging of neuroendocrine tumors: biological basis and diagnostic results. Eur J Nucl Med 1998;25:639-658
9. Kwekkeboom D, Kam B, Van Essen M, Teunissen J, Van Eijck C, Valkema R et al. Somatostatin receptor based imaging and therapy of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2009 [Epub ahead of print].
10. van der Lely AJ, de Herder WW, Krenning EP, Kwekkeboom DJ. Octreoscan radioreceptor imaging. Endocrine 2003;20:307-311
11. Kwekkeboom DJ, Krenning EP. Somatostatin receptor imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2002;32:84-91:
12. Krenning EP, de Jong M, Kooij PP, Breeman WA, Bakker WH, de Herder WW et al. Radiolabelled somatostatin analogue(s) for peptide receptor scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy. Ann Oncol 1999;10(Suppl 2):S23-9.
13. Kwekkeboom DJ, Krenning EP. Radiolabeled somatostatin analog scintigraphy in oncology and immune diseases: an overview. Eur Radiol 1997;7:1103-1109
14. Breeman WA, de Jong M, de Blois E, Bernard BF, Konijnenberg M, Krenning EP. Radiolabelling DOTA-peptides with 68Ga. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005;32:478-485
15. Shokeen M, Anderson CJ. Molecular imaging of cancer with copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals and positron emission tomography (PET). Acc Chem Res 2009;42:832-841
16. Rambaldi PF, Cuccurullo V, Briganti V, Mansi L. The present and future role of (111)In pentetreotide in the PET era. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005;49;3:225-235
17. Mansi L, Moncayo R, Cuccurullo V, Dottorini ME, Rambaldi PF. Nuclear medicine in diagnosis, staging and follow-up of thyroid cancer. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;48:82-95. (Pubitemid 39248297)
18. Bakker WH, Breeman WA, Kwekkeboom DJ, De Jong LC, Krenning EP. Practical aspects of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with [177Lu][DOTA0, Tyr3]octreotate. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006;50:265-271
19. Kwekkeboom DJ, Mueller-Brand J, Paganelli G, Anthony LB, Pauwels S, Kvols LK et al. Overview of results of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 3 radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. J Nucl Med 2005;46(Suppl 1):62S-6S.
20. Larson SM, Krenning EP. A pragmatic perspective on molecular targeted radionuclide therapy. J Nucl Med 2005;46(Suppl 1):1S-3S.
21. de Jong M, Bernard BF, De Bruin E, Van Gameren A, Bakker WH, Visser TJ et al. Internalization of radiolabelled [DTPA0]octreotide and [DOTA0,Tyr3] octreotide: peptides for somatostatin receptor targeted scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy. Nucl Med Commun 1998;19:283-288 (Pubitemid 28198201)
22. de Jong M, Valkema R, Jamar F. Somatostatin receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy of tumors: Preclinical and clinical findings. Semin Nucl Med 2002;32:133-140 (Pubitemid 34311079)
23. Reubi JC, Lang W, Maurer R, Koper JW, Lamberts SWJ Distribution and biochemical characterization of somatostatin receptors in tumors of the human central nervous system. Cancer Res 1987;47:5758-5764 (Pubitemid 18046777)
24. Reubi JC, Waser B, Schaer JC, Laissue JA Somatostatin receptor sst1-sst5 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues using receptor autoradiography with subtype-selective ligands. Eur J Nucl Med 2001;28:836-846 (Pubitemid 32662546)
25. Reubi JC, Laissue JA, Waser B, Steffen DL, Hipkin RW, Schonbrunn A. Immunohistochemical detection of somatostatin sst2a receptors in the lymphatic, smooth muscular, and peripheral nervous systems of the human gastrointestinal tract: facts and artifacts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:2942-2950 (Pubitemid 30642033)
26. Reubi JC, Waser B, Laissue JA, Gebbers J-O. Somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in human mesenchymal tumors: in vitro identification. Cancer Res 1996;56:1922-1931 (Pubitemid 26118233)
27. Ferone D, Resmini E, Boschetti M, Arvigo M, Albanese V, Ceresola E et al. Potential indications for somatostatin analogues: immune system and limphoproliferative disorders. J Endocrinol Invest 2005;28:111-117
28. Bombardieri E, Seregni E, Villano C, Chiti A, Bajetta E. Related Position of nuclear medicine techniques in the diagnostic work-up of neuroendocrine tumors. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;48:150-163
29. De Rosa G, Testa A, Giacomini D, Carrozza C. Escape phenomenon after successful bromocriptine and octreotide treatment in thyroid stimulating hormone secreting pituitary adenoma residual tissue. Eur J Cancer 1994;30A:247-248
30. Virgolini I, Pangeri T, Bischof C, Smith-Jones P, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Somatostatin receptor subtype expression in human tissues: a prediction for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Eur J Clin Invest 1997;27:645-647
31. Cascini GL, Cuccurullo V, Rambaldi PF, Mansi L. Immunological imaging using tagged octreotide. Minerva Endocrinol 2001;3:129-33.
32. Cuccurullo V, Cascini GL, Rambaldi PF, Mansi L. Role of somatostatin analogs in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours Minerva Endocrinol 2001;26:135-143
33. Reubi JC, Schar JC, Waser B, Wenger S, Heppeler A, Schmitt JS et al. Affinity profiles for human somatostatin receptor subtypes SST1-SST5 of somatostatin radiotracers selected for scintigraphic and radiotherapeutic use. Eur J Nucl Med 2000;27:273-282
34. Reubi JC, Waser B. Concomitant expression of several peptide receptors in neuroendocrine tumours: molecular basis for in vivo multireceptor tumour targeting. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:781-793
35. Barnett P. Somatostatin and somatostatin receptor physiology. Endocrine 2003;20:255-264
36. Prevost G, Veber N, Viollet C, Roubert V, Roubert P, Bénard J et al. Somatostatin-14 mainly binds the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in human neuroblastoma tumors. Neuroendocrinology 1996;63:188-197
37. Reubi JC, Schar JC, Waser B, Wenger S, Heppeler A, Schmitt JS et al. Affinity profiles for human somatostatin receptor subtypes SST1-SST5 of somatostatin radiotracers selected for scintigraphic and radiotherapeutic use. Eur J Nucl Med 2000;27:273-282
38. Heppeler A, Froidevaux S, Eberle AN, Maecke HR. Receptor targeting for tumor localisation and therapy with radiopeptides. Curr Med Chem 2000;7:971-994
39. Lesche S, Lehmann D, Nagel F, Schmid HA, Schulz S. Differential effects of octreotide and pasireotide on somatostatin receptor internalization and trafficking in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:654-661
40. de Bruin C, Feelders RA, Lamberts SW, Hofland LJ. Somatostatin and dopamine receptors as targets for medical treatment of Cushing's Syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2009;10:91-102.
41. Mansi L. From the magic bullet to an effective therapy: the peptide experience. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;31:1393-1398
42. Virgolini I, Traub T, Novotny C, Leimer M, Füger B, Li SR et al. New trends in peptide receptor radioligands. Q J Nucl Med 2001;45:153-9.
43. Virgolini IJ, Gabriel M, von Guggenberg E, Putzer D, Kendler D, Decristoforo C. Role of radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. Eur J Cancer 2009;45(Suppl 1):274-291
44. Bodei L, Ferone D, Grana CM, Cremonesi M, Signore A, Dierckx RA et al. Peptide receptor therapies in neuroendocrine tumors. J Endocrinol Invest 2009;32:360-369
45. Sagman U, Mullins J, Ginsberg R, Kovacs K, Reubi JC. Identification of somatostatin receptors in human small cell lung carcinomas. Cancer 1990;66:2129-2133
46. Casini Raggi C, Calabrò A, Renzi D, Briganti V, Cianchi F, Messerini L et al. Quantitative evaluation of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 expression in sporadic colorectal tumor and in the corresponding normal mucosa. Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Feb;8(2):419-427
47. Briganti V, Sestini R, Orlando C, Bernini G, La Cava G, Tamburini A, Raggi CC, Serio M, Maggi M. Imaging of somatostatin receptors by indium-111-pentetreotide correlates with quantitative determination of somatostatin receptor type 2 gene expression in neuroblastoma tumors. Clin Cancer Res 1997;3(12 Pt 1):2385-2391 (Pubitemid 28133159)
48. Orlando C, Raggi CC, Bagnoni L, Sestini R, Briganti V, La Cava G et al. Somatostatin receptor type 2 gene expression in neuroblastoma, measured by competitive RT-PCR, is related to patient survival and to somatostatin receptor imaging by indium -111-pen-tetreotide. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;36:224-226
49. Mansi L, Rambaldi PF, Bizzarre A, Panza N, Di Martino S, De Bellis A, Del Vecchio E. Indium-111 octreotide in Graves' disease and in the evaluation of active exophthalmos. Q J Nucl Med 1995;39:105-10.
50. Mansi L, Rambaldi PF, Bizzarro A, Panza N, Del Vecchio E. 111In-octreotide in the evaluation of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Q J Nucl Med 1995;39:127-130
51. Krenning EP, Kwekkeboom DJ, Bakker WH, Breeman WA, Kooij PP, Oei HY et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]- and [123I-Tyr3]-octreotide: the Rotterdam experience with more than 1000 patients. Eur J Nucl Med 1993;20:716-31.
52. Bhathena SJ, Louie J, Schechter GP, Redman RS, Wahl L, Recant L. Identification of human mononuclear leukocytes bearing receptors for somatostatin and glucagon. Diabetes 1981;30:127-131 (Pubitemid 11018680)
53. Oomen SP, Hofland LJ, van Hagen PM, Lamberts SW, Touw IP Somatostatin receptors in the haematopoietic system. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;143(Suppl)1:S9-14.
54. Ferone D, Pivonello R, Van Hagen PM, Dalm VA, Lichtenauer-Kaligis EG, Waaijers M et al. Quantitative and functional expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in human thymocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002;283:E1056-66.
55. Reubi JC, Waser B, Schaer JC, Laissue JA. Somatostatin receptor sst1-sst5 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues using receptor autoradiography with subtype-selective ligands. Eur J Nucl Med 2001;28:836-846 (Pubitemid 32662546)
56. Dalm VA, van Hagen PM, Krenning EP. The role of octreotide scintigraphy in rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis. Q J Nucl Med 2003;47:270-278 (Pubitemid 38418047)
57. Blum AM, Metwali A, Mathew RC, Cook G, Elliott D, Weinstock JV. Granuloma T lymphocytes in murine schistosomiasis mansoni have somatostatin receptors and respond to somatostatin with decreased IFN-gamma secretion. J Immunol 1992;149:3621-6.
58. Vanhagen PM, Krenning EP, Reubi JC, Kwekkeboom DJ, Bakker WH, Mulder AH et al. Somatostatin analogue scintigraphy in granulomatous diseases. Eur J Nucl Med 1994;21:497-502.
59. Armani C, Catalani E, Balbarini A, Bagnoli P, Cervia D. Expression, pharmacology, and functional role of somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and 2 in human macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2007;81:845-855 (Pubitemid 46393563)
60. Reubi JC, Schaer JC, Laissue JA, Waser B. Somatostatin receptors and their subtypes in human tumors and in peritumoral vessels. Metabolism 1996;45(8 Suppl 1):39-41.
61. Adams RL, Adams IP, Lindow SW, Zhong W, Atkin SL. Somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 are preferentially expressed in proliferating endothelium. Br J Cancer 2005;25:1493-1498
62. Colao A, Pivonello R, Lastoria S, Faggiano A, Ferone D, Lombardi G et al. Clinical implications of somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy in ophthalmic Graves' disease. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;143(Suppl 1):S35-42.
63. Postema PT, Krenning EP, Wijngaarde R, Kooy PP, Oei HY, van den Bosch WA et al. [111In-TPA-D-Phe1] octreotide scintigraphy in thyroidal and orbital Graves' disease: a parameter for disease activity? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:1845-1851.
64. Kahaly G, Diaz M, Hahn K, Beyer J, Bockisch A. Indium-111-pentetreotide scintigraphy in Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Nucl Med 1995;36:550-554
65. Mansi L, Bizzarro A, De Bellis A, Panza N, Rambaldi PF, Di Martino S et al. Indio-111 Octreotide nelle malattie tiroidee autoimmuni e nella oftalmopatia attiva. Atti XI Giornate Italiane della Tiroide. Milano, 9-11 dicembre 1993. p. 123.
66. Gerding MN, van der Zant FM, van Royen EA, Koornneef L, Krenning EP, Wiersinga WM et al. Octreotide-scintigraphy is a disease-activity parameter in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999;50:373-379
67. Moncayo R, Baldissera I, Decristoforo C, Kendler D, Donnemiller E. Evaluation of immunological mechanisms mediating thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy by radionuclide imaging using the somatostatin analog 111In-octreotide. Thyroid 1997;7:21-29
68. Durak I, Durak H, Ergin M, Yürekli Y, Kaynak S. Somatostatin receptors in the orbits. Clin Nucl Med 1995;20:237-242
69. Krassas GE, Dumas A, Pontikides N, Kaltsas T. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and octreotide treatment in patients with thyroid eye disease. Clin Endocrinol 1995;42:571-580
70. Kahaly G, Görges R, Diaz M, Hommel G, Bockisch A. Indium-111-pentetreotide in Graves' disease. J Nucl Med 1998;39:533-536
71. Nocaudie M, Bailliez A, Itti E, Bauters C, Wemeau JL, Marchandise X. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy to predict the clinical evolution and therapeutic response of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Eur J Nucl Med 1999;26:511-517
72. Förster GJ, Krummenauer F, Nickel O, Kahaly GJ. Somatostatin- receptor scintigraphy in Graves' disease: reproducibility and variance of orbital activity. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2000;15:517-525
73. Vanhagen PM, Krenning EP, Reubi JC, Kwekkeboom DJ, Bakker WH, Mulder AH et al. Somatostatin analogue scintigraphy in granulomatous diseases. Eur J Nucl Med 1994;21:497-502.
74. Baughman RP, Shipley R, Eisentrout CE. Predictive value of gallium scan, angiotensin converting enzyme level, and bronchoalveolar lavage in two-year follow-up of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Lung 1987;165:371-377
75. Turner-Warwick M, McAllister W, Lawrence R, Britten A, Haslam PL. Corticosteroid treatment in sarcoidosis: do serial lavage lymphocyte counts, serum angiotensin converting enzyme measurements and gallium-67 scans help management? Thorax 1986;41:903-913
76. Hollinger WM, Staton GW Jr, Fajman WA, Gilman MJ, Pine JR, Check IJ. Prediction of therapeutic response in steroid- treated pulmonary sarcoidosis. Evaluation of clinical parameters, bronchoalveolar lavage, gallium-67 lung scanning, and serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132:65-9.
77. Kwekkeboom DJ, Krenning EP, Siang Kho G, Breeman WAP, Van Hagen PM. Somatostatin receptor imaging in patients with sarcoidosis. Eur J Nucl Med 1998;25:1284-1292
78. Lebtahi R, Crestani B, Belmatoug N, Daou D, Genin R, Dombret MC et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and gallium scintigraphy in patients with sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med 2001;42:21-26
79. Willman CL, Busque L, Griffith BB, Favara BE, McClain KL, Duncan MH. Langerhans'-cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X) - a clonal proliferative disease. N Engl J Med 1994;331:154-160
80. Aguayo SM, King TE Jr., Waldron JA, Sherritt KM, Kane MA, Miller YE. Increased pulmonary neuroendocrine cells with bombesin-like immunoreactivity in adult patients with eosinophilic granuloma. J Clin Invest 1990;86:838-844
81. Lastoria S, Montella L, Catalano L, Rotoli B, Muto P, Palmieri G. Functional imaging of Langerhans cell histiocytosis by (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)- octreotide scintigraphy. Cancer 2002;94:633-640
82. Weinmann P, Crestani B, Tazi A, Genereau T, Mal H, Aubier M et al. 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy in patients with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. J Nucl Med 2000;41:1808-1812
83. American Thoracic Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment - international consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:646-664
84. Selman M, King TE, Pardo A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prevailing and evolving hypotheses about its pathogenesis and implications for therapy. Ann Intern Med 2001;134:136-151
85. Pasquali D, Vassallo P, Esposito D, Bonavolonta G, Bellastella A, Sinisi AA. Somatostatin receptor gene expression and inhibitory effects of octreotide on primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Mol Endocrinol 2000;25:63-71.
86. Priestley GC, Aldridge RD, Sime PJ, Wilson D. Skin fibroblast activity in pretibial myxoedema and the effect of octreotide (Sandostatin) in vitro. Br J Dermatol 1994;131:52-56
87. Günal AI, Duman S, Sen S, Unsal A, Terzio lu E, Akçiç ek F et al. By reducing TGF beta 1, octreotide lessens the peritoneal derangements induced by a high glucose solution. J Nephrol 2001;14:184-9.
88. Lebtahi R, Moreau S, Marchand-Adam S, Debray MP, Brauner M, Soler P et al. Increased uptake of 111In-octreotide in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Nucl Med 2006;47:1281-1287
89. Borie R, Fabre A, Prost F, Marchal-Somme J, Lebtahi R, Marchand-Adam S et al. Activation of somatostatin receptors attenuates pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2008;63:251-258
90. Lee DM, Weinblatt ME. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet2001;358:903-11.
91. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis Guidelines. Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2002 Update. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:328-346
92. Vanhagen PM, Markusse HM, Lamberts SW, Kwekkeboom DJ, Reubi JC, Krenning EP. Somatostatin receptor imaging. The presence of somatostatin receptors in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:1521-1527
93. Paran D, Elkayam O, Mayo A, Paran H, Amit M, Yaron M et al. A pilot study of a long acting somatostatin analogue for the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60:888-889
94. Ferone D, Saveanu A, Culler MD, Arvigo M, Rebora A, Gatto F et al. Novel chimeric somatostatin analogs: facts and perspectives. Eur J Endocrinol 2007;156(Suppl 1):S23-8.
95. Wangberg B, Forssell-Aronsson E, Tisell LE, Nilsson O, Fjalling M, Ahlman H. Intraoperative detection of somatostatin-receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumours using indium-111-labelled DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide. Br J Cancer 1996;73:770-775
96. Adams S, Baum RP, Hertel A, Wenisch HJ, Staib-Sebler E, Herrmann G et al. Intraoperative gamma probe detection of neuroendocrine tumors. J Nucl Med 1998;39:1155-1160
97. Mansi L, Rambaldi PF, Panza N, Esposito D, Esposito V, Pastore V. Diagnosis and radioguided surgery with 111In-pentetreotide in a patient with paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome due to a bronchial carcinoid. Eur J Endocrinol. 1997;137:688-690
98. Pastore V, Di Lieto E, Mansi L, Rambaldi PF, Santini M, Mancusi R. Intraoperative detection of lung cancer by octreotide labeled to Indium-111. Sem Surg Onc 1998;15:220-222