The military and the transition to adulthood

Future of Children

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 181-207

  Kelty, Ryan ^a   Kleykamp, Meredith ^b   Segal, David R ^c  

^a Fraunhofer Center Maryland for ESE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; MALE; MARRIAGE; MIDDLE AGED; POLICY; SALARY AND FRINGE BENEFIT; SEX RATIO; SOLDIER; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES; VOLUNTARY WORKER;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; FEMALE; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; HUMANS; MALE; MARRIAGE; MIDDLE AGED; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PUBLIC POLICY; SALARIES AND FRINGE BENEFITS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; UNITED STATES; VOLUNTARY WORKERS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77952313116     PISSN: 10548289     EISSN: 15501558     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/foc.0.0045     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Michael J. Shanahan, "Pathways to Adulthood in Changing Societies: Variability and Mechanisms in the Life Course Perspective," Annual Review of Sociology 26 (2000): 667-92;
2. Glen H. Elder Jr., "Military Times and Turning Points in Men's Lives," Developmental Psychology 22, no. 2 (1986): 233-245;
3. Glen H. Elder Jr., "War Mobilization and the Life Course: A Cohort of World War II Veterans," Sociological Forum 2, no. 3 (1987): 449-72.
4. David R. Segal and Mady Wechsler Segal, "America's Military Population," Population Bulletin 59, no. 4 (2004).
5. Department of Defense, "Population Representation in the Military Services FY2007" (www.defenselink. mil/prhome/PopRep2007/index.html [June 22, 2009]).
6. Lori Manning, Women in the Military: Where They Stand, 5th edition (Washington: Women's Research and Education Institute, 2005).
7. Department of Defense, Statistical Information Analysis Division, "Military Personnel Statistics" (http:// siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MMIDHOME.HTM [January 9, 2009]).
8. Headquarters, U.S. Department of the Army, "Army Regulation 600-13, Army Policy for the Assignment of Female Soldiers" (March 27, 1992).
9. James B. Stewart and Juanita M. Firestone, "Looking for a Few Good Men: Predicting Patterns of Retention, Promotion, and Accession of Minority and Women Officers," in Managing Diversity in the Military, edited by Mickey R. Dansby and others (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2001),pp. 257-76.
10. Claire Snyder, "The Citizen-Soldier Tradition and Gender Integration of the U.S. Military," Armed Forces & Society 29, no. 2 (2003): 185-204;
11. Laura Miller, "Not Just Weapons of the Weak: Gender Harassment as a Form of Protest for Army Men," Social Psychology Quarterly 60 (1997): 32-51.
12. Carra S. Sims, Fritz Drasgow, and Louise F. Fitzgerald, "The Effects of Sexual Harassment on Turnover in the Military: Time-Dependent Modeling," Journal of Applied Psychology 90, no. 6 (2005): 1141-52.
13. NiCole T. Buchanan, Isis H. Settles, and Krystle C. Woods, "Comparing Sexual Harassment Subtypes among Black and White Women by Military Rank: Double Jeopardy, the Jezebel, and the Cult of True Womanhood," Psychology of Women Quarterly 32, no. 4 (2008): 347-61.
14. Harry A. Marmion, The Case against an All-Volunteer Army (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971)
15. Morris Janowitz and Charles C. Moskos, "Racial Composition in the All-Volunteer Force," Armed Forces & Society 1 (1974): 109-24.
16. Mady W. Segal, Meridith H. Thanner, and David R. Segal, "Hispanic and African American Men and Women in the U.S. Military: Trends in Representation," Race, Gender & Class 14, no. 3-4 (2007): 48-64.
17. Jay D. Teachman, Vaughn R. A. Call, and Mady Wechsler Segal, "The Selectivity of Military Enlistment," Journal of Political & Military Sociology 21, no. 2 (1993): 287-309.
18. Jeanne Batolova, "Immigrants in the U.S. Armed Forces" (2008) (www.migrationinformation.org/ USFocus/display.cfm?id=683 [June 23, 2009]).
19. Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act of 2009, 111th Cong. § 5 (2009).
20. Miriam Jordan, "A Korean Invasion Blinds the U.S. Army-But in a Good Way," Wall Street Journal, May 29, 2009, p.1.
21. Department of Defense, "Population Representation in the Military Services FY2005: Executive Summary" (2005).
22. David R. Segal and Naomi Verdugo, "Demographic Trends and Personnel Policies as Determinants of the Racial Composition of the Volunteer Army," Armed Forces & Society 20 (1994): 619-32.
23. Meredith Kleykamp, "A Great Place to Start? The Effect of Prior Military Service on Hiring," Armed Forces & Society 35, no. 2 (2009): 266-85.
24. Kirby L. Bowling, Juanita M. Firestone, and Richard J. Harris, "Analyzing Questions That Cannot Be Asked of Respondents Who Cannot Respond," Armed Forces & Society 31, no. 3 (2005): 411-437;
25. Mady W. Segal and Chris Bourg, "Professional Leadership and Diversity in the Army," in The Future of the Army Profession, edited by Lloyd J. Matthews (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002), pp. 505-20.
26. Aaron Belkin, "Don't Ask, Don't Tell: Is the Gay Ban Based on Military Necessity?" Parameters 33 (2003): 108-19.
27. David F. Burrelli and Jody Feder, "Homosexuals and the U.S. Military: Current Issues," CRS Report for Congress (July 18, 2008) (http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30113_20080718.pdf [January 11, 2009]).
28. David R. Segal and others, "The All-Volunteer Force in the 1970s," Social Science Quarterly 79 (1998): 390-411.
29. The moral requirement for military service is generally oriented toward lawfulness-that is, does one have a criminal record?
30. Jerald G. Bachman and others, "Who Chooses Military Service? Correlates of Propensity and Enlistment in the U.S. Armed Forces," Military Psychology 12 (2000): 1-30.
31. Jennifer Hickes Lundquist, "When Race Makes No Difference: Marriage and the Military," Social Forces 83, no. 2 (2004): 731-57.
32. Benjamin R. Karney and John A. Crown, "Families under Stress: An Assessment of Data, Theory, and Research on Marriage and Divorce in the Military" (Arlington, Va.: RAND Corporation, MG-599-OSD,2007).
33. Jennifer Hickes Lundquist, "A Comparison of Civilian and Enlisted Divorce Rates during the Early All-Volunteer Force Era," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 35, no. 2 (2007): 199-217.
34. Jennifer Hickes Lundquist, "The Black-White Gap in Marital Dissolution among Young Adults: What Can a Counterfactual Scenario Tell Us?" Social Problems 53, no. 3 (2006): 421-41.
35. Michael Pollard, Benjamin Karney, and David Loughran, "Comparing Rates of Marriage and Divorce in Civilian, Military, and Veteran Populations," paper presented at the Population Association of America annual meeting, New Orleans, La., April 2008.
36. Richard T. Cooney Jr., "Moving with the Military: Race, Class, and Gender Differences in the Employment Consequences of Tied Migration," Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, 2003;
37. Mady W. Segal, "The Military and the Family as Greedy Institutions," Armed Forces & Society 13, no. 1 (1986): 9-38.
38. H. R. Watanabe and others, "Soldier Functioning under Chronic Stress-Effects of Family Member Illness," Military Medicine 160, no. 9 (1995): 457-461.
39. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Family Assistance, Responsible Fatherhood Spotlight (www.fatherhood.gov/documents/nrfcspotlightmilitary. pdf [February 22, 2009]).
40. Jennifer Hickes Lundquist and Herbert L. Smith, "Family Formation among Women in the U.S. Military," Journal of Marriage and the Family 67, no. 1 (2005): 1-23.
41. Jay Teachman, "Military Service and Educational Attainment in the All-Volunteer Era," Sociology of Education 80, no. 4 (2007): 359-74.
42. Bradford Booth, Mady Wechsler Segal, and D. Bruce Bell, "What We Know about Army Families 2007 Update" (www.army.mil/fmwrc/documents/research/whatweknow2007.pdf [June 23, 2009]).
43. Margaret C. Harrell, "Army Officers' Spouses: Have the White Gloves Been Mothballed?" Armed Forces & Society 28, no. 1 (2001): 55-75.
44. James Hosek and others, "Married to the Military: The Employment and Earnings of Military Wives Compared with Those of Civilian Wives" (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, MR-1565-OSD, 2002) (www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2009/MR1565.pdf [June 24, 2009]);
45. Margaret C. Harrell and others, "Working around the Military: Challenges to Military Spouse Employment and Education" (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, MG-169-OSD, 2004) (www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2007/ RAND_MG566.pdf [June 24, 2009]).
46. David S. Lyle, "Using Military Deployments and Job Assignments to Estimate the Effect of Parental Absences and Household Relocations on Children's Academic Achievement," Journal of Labor Economics 24, no. 2 (2004): 319-50.
47. Charles C. Moskos and John Sibley Butler, All That We Can Be (New York: Basic Books, 1996);
48. Leslie R. Hinkson, "Schools of the Nation: Department of Defense Schools and the Black-White Test Score Gap," Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Princeton University, 2007.
49. John H. Faris, "The All-Volunteer Force: Recruitment from Military Families," Armed Forces & Society 7, no. 4 (1981): 545-59.
50. Meredith Kleykamp, "College, Jobs, or the Military? Enlistment during a Time of War," Social Science Quarterly 87, no. 2 (2006): 272-90.
51. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, www.gibill.va.gov/GI_Bill_Info/CH33/Post-911.htm (October 30, 2009).
52. Jere Cohen, David R. Segal, and Lloyd V. Temme, "The Educational Cost of Military Service in the 1960s," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 14 (1986): 303-19.
53. J. Peter Matilla, "Determinants of Male School Enrollments: A Time-Series Analysis," Review of Economics and Statistics 64, no. 2 (1982): 242-51.
54. David R. Segal, Recruiting for Uncle Sam: Citizenship and Military Manpower Policy (University Press of Kansas, 1989).
55. Jere Cohen, Rebecca L. Warner, and David R. Segal, "Military Service and Educational Attainment in the All-Volunteer Force," Social Science Quarterly 76, no. 1 (1995): 88-104.
56. Richard T. Cooney Jr. and others, "Racial Differences in the Impact of Military Service on the Socioeconomic Status of Women Veterans," Armed Forces & Society 30, no. 1: 53-85.
57. Joshua D. Angrist, "Estimating the Labor Market Impact of Voluntary Military Service Using Social Security Data on Military Applicants," Econometrica 66 (1998): 249-88.
58. Barry T. Hirsch and Stephen L. Mehay, "Evaluating the Labor Market Performance of Veterans Using a Matched Comparison Group Design," Journal of Human Resources XXXVIII, no. 3 (2003): 673-700.
59. Bradford Booth and David R. Segal, "Bringing the Soldiers Back in: Implications of Inclusion of Military Personnel for Labor Market Research on Race, Class, and Gender," Race, Gender & Class 12, no. 1 (2005): 34-37.
60. Kelly A. Holder, "Exploring the Veteran-Nonveteran Earnings Differential in the 2005 American Community Survey," conference paper, American Sociological Association annual meeting, 2007.
61. Robert L. Phillips and others, "The Economic Returns to Military Service: Race-Ethnic Differences," Social Science Quarterly 73, no. 2 (1992): 340-59.
62. Department of Defense, Statistical Information Analysis Division, "Casualty Summary by Reason Code" (2009) (http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/CASUALTY/gwot_reason.pdf. [February 5, 2009]).
63. Hannah Fischer, "United States Military Casualty Statistics: Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom," Congressional Research Service: CRS Report for Congress (2008) (www.fas.org/sgp/ crs/natsec/RS22452.pdf [February 4, 2009]).
64. B. S. Atiyeh, S. W. A. Gunn, and S. N. Hayek, "Military and Civilian Burn Injuries during Armed Conflicts," Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters 20, no. 4 (2007) (www.medbc.com/annals/review/vol_20/ num_4/text/vol20n4p203.asp [February 5, 2009]).
65. Terri Tanielian and Lisa H. Jaycox, "Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery" (Arlington, Va.: RAND Corporation, RC552.P67T34, 2008) (www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG720.pdf [February 4, 2009]).
66. Arline Kaplan, "Untreated Vets: A 'Gathering Storm' of PTSD/Depression," Psychiatric Times 25, no. 12 (2008) (www.psychiatrictimes.com/depression/article/10168/1342040 [February 5, 2009]).
67. Julia Ritchey, "US Army, Mental Health Experts Team Up to Fight Rising Suicide Rate," Voice of America News (2009) (www.voanews.com/english/2009-01-30-voa59.cfm?renderforprint=1 [February 5, 2009]).
68. Rachel N. Lipari and others, "2006 Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Members," Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) Report No. 2007-022, March 2008. (www.sapr.mil/contents/references/WGRA_OverviewReport.pdf [February 26, 2009]).
69. Estimates for male and female veterans' rates of MST are obtained from studies of veterans applying for benefits through Veterans Affairs hospitals. These estimates should be viewed cautiously since they are not necessarily reflective of all veterans' experiences. For a summary of MST rates among veterans see: Naomi Himmelfarb, Deborah Yaeger, and Jim Mintz, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female Veterans with Military and Civilian Sexual "Trauma," Journal of Traumatic Stress 19, no. 6 (2006): 837-846.
70. Antonette M. Zeiss, "Veterans Health Administration Care for Mental Health Problems Related to Military Sexual Trauma," unpublished data from Office of Mental Health Services, Department of Veterans Affairs www.militarysexualtrauma.org/files/Veterans_Administration_Care_for_Mental_Health_Problems_ Related_to_Military_Sexual_Trauma_DTFSAM.ppt. [February 26, 2009]);
71. Melissa A. Polusny and Maureen Murdoch, "Sexual Assault among Male Veterans," Psychiatric Times 22, no. 4 (2005): 34-38.
72. Rachel Kimerling and others, "The Veterans Health Administration and Military Sexual Trauma," American Journal of Public Health 97, no. 12 (2007): 2160-66.
73. Jessica Wolfe and others, "Sexual Harassment and Assault as Predictors of PTSD Symptomotology among US Female Persian Gulf War Military Personnel," Journal of Interpersonal Violence 13, no. 1 (1998): 40-57;
74. Han Kang and others, "The Role of Sexual Assault on the Risk of PTSD among Gulf War Veterans," Annals of Epidemiology 15, no. 1 (2005): 191-95.
75. A. Suris and others, "Sexual Assault in Women Veterans: An Examination of PTSD Risk, Health Care Utilization, and Cost of Care," Psychosomatic Medicine 66, no. 5(2004): 749-56.
76. Janice Laurence and Peter F. Ramsberger, Low Aptitude Men in the Military (New York: Praeger, 1991).
77. Marc N. Elliott, Lawrence M. Hanser, and Curtis L. Gilroy, "Evidence of Positive Student Outcomes in JROTC Career Academies" (www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1200/MR1200.pdf [June 23, 2009]).
78. Remi Hajjar, "The Public Military High School: A Powerful Educational Possibility," Armed Forces & Society 32, no. 1 (2005): 44-62.
79. Dan Bloom, Alissa Gardenhire-Crooks, and Conrad Mandsager, "Reengaging High School Dropouts: Early Results of the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Program Evaluation" (www.mdrc.org/ publications/512/full.pdf [June 23, 2009]).