Army officers' spouses: Have the white gloves been mothballed?

Armed Forces and Society

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 55-75

  Harrell, Margaret C ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035567356     PISSN: 0095327X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0095327X0102800104     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Hanna Papanek, "Men, Women, and Work: Reflections on the Two-Person Career," American Journal of Sociology 78(4): 852-872.
2. See for example, Sam C. Sarkesian, The Professional Army Officer in a Changing Society (Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall Publishers, 1975), and Morris Janowitz, The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait (New York: The Free Press, 1960).
3. See for example, Sam C. Sarkesian, The Professional Army Officer in a Changing Society (Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall Publishers, 1975), and Morris Janowitz, The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait (New York: The Free Press, 1960).
4. Betty Sowers Alt and Bonnie Domrose Stone, Campfollowing: A History of the Military Wife (New York: Praeger, 1991); Bonnie Domrose Stone and Betty Sowers Alt, Uncle Sam's Brides: The World of Military Wives (New York: Walker and Company, 1990); and Edward M. Coffman, The Old Army: A Portrait of the American Army in Peacetime, 1784-1898 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).
5. Betty Sowers Alt and Bonnie Domrose Stone, Campfollowing: A History of the Military Wife (New York: Praeger, 1991); Bonnie Domrose Stone and Betty Sowers Alt, Uncle Sam's Brides: The World of Military Wives (New York: Walker and Company, 1990); and Edward M. Coffman, The Old Army: A Portrait of the American Army in Peacetime, 1784-1898 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).
6. Betty Sowers Alt and Bonnie Domrose Stone, Campfollowing: A History of the Military Wife (New York: Praeger, 1991); Bonnie Domrose Stone and Betty Sowers Alt, Uncle Sam's Brides: The World of Military Wives (New York: Walker and Company, 1990); and Edward M. Coffman, The Old Army: A Portrait of the American Army in Peacetime, 1784-1898 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).
7. Mady Wechsler Segal, "The Military and the Family as Greedy Institutions," in The Military: More Than Just a Job? eds. C. C. Moskos and F. R. Wood (Washington, DC: Pergamon-Brassey's, 1988).
8. Jay Stanley, Mady Wechsler Segal, and Charlotte Jeanne Laughton, "Grass Roots Family Action and Military Policy Responses," Marriage and Family Review 15, 3/4(1990): 220-221.
9. Stanley et al., "Grass Roots"; C. L. Dietrich, "Demands on Wife a Disgrace," Letter to the editor, Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; D. L. Culverhouse, letter to editor, "Wife Says Complaints Aren't Valid," Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; R. Riley, "Military Wives in Revolt: Service Spouses Want to Do More than Pour Afternoon Tea," U.S. News & World Report, 18 April 1988, 38; Charlie Schill, "Spouses Reportedly Still Pressured to Quit Jobs." Air Force Times, 5 December 1988.
10. Stanley et al., "Grass Roots"; C. L. Dietrich, "Demands on Wife a Disgrace," Letter to the editor, Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; D. L. Culverhouse, letter to editor, "Wife Says Complaints Aren't Valid," Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; R. Riley, "Military Wives in Revolt: Service Spouses Want to Do More than Pour Afternoon Tea," U.S. News & World Report, 18 April 1988, 38; Charlie Schill, "Spouses Reportedly Still Pressured to Quit Jobs." Air Force Times, 5 December 1988.
11. Stanley et al., "Grass Roots"; C. L. Dietrich, "Demands on Wife a Disgrace," Letter to the editor, Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; D. L. Culverhouse, letter to editor, "Wife Says Complaints Aren't Valid," Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; R. Riley, "Military Wives in Revolt: Service Spouses Want to Do More than Pour Afternoon Tea," U.S. News & World Report, 18 April 1988, 38; Charlie Schill, "Spouses Reportedly Still Pressured to Quit Jobs." Air Force Times, 5 December 1988.
12. Stanley et al., "Grass Roots"; C. L. Dietrich, "Demands on Wife a Disgrace," Letter to the editor, Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; D. L. Culverhouse, letter to editor, "Wife Says Complaints Aren't Valid," Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; R. Riley, "Military Wives in Revolt: Service Spouses Want to Do More than Pour Afternoon Tea," U.S. News & World Report, 18 April 1988, 38; Charlie Schill, "Spouses Reportedly Still Pressured to Quit Jobs." Air Force Times, 5 December 1988.
13. Stanley et al., "Grass Roots"; C. L. Dietrich, "Demands on Wife a Disgrace," Letter to the editor, Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; D. L. Culverhouse, letter to editor, "Wife Says Complaints Aren't Valid," Air Force Times, 31 August 1987; R. Riley, "Military Wives in Revolt: Service Spouses Want to Do More than Pour Afternoon Tea," U.S. News & World Report, 18 April 1988, 38; Charlie Schill, "Spouses Reportedly Still Pressured to Quit Jobs." Air Force Times, 5 December 1988.
14. Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
15. It is important to acknowledge here that all spouses are not "wives." Yet, the rules described herein apply almost exclusively to wives; the expectations tend not to apply to the husbands of female officers. When both husband and wife wear a uniform, to the extent that either tries to fulfill these role expectations, it is almost exclusively the wife that does so. This is explored in greater detail in Margaret C. Harrell, "Brass Rank and Gold Rings: Class, Race, Gender and Kinship within the Army Community" (Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 2000). For more information about male spouses, see Mary C. Bourg, "Male Tokens in a Masculine Environment: Men with Military Mates." Paper presented at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association.
16. It is important to acknowledge here that all spouses are not "wives." Yet, the rules described herein apply almost exclusively to wives; the expectations tend not to apply to the husbands of female officers. When both husband and wife wear a uniform, to the extent that either tries to fulfill these role expectations, it is almost exclusively the wife that does so. This is explored in greater detail in Margaret C. Harrell, "Brass Rank and Gold Rings: Class, Race, Gender and Kinship within the Army Community" (Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 2000). For more information about male spouses, see Mary C. Bourg, "Male Tokens in a Masculine Environment: Men with Military Mates." Paper presented at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association.
17. Doris Briley Durand, "The Role of the Army Wife as Perceived by Male, Officers and Their Wives: Is It a Commitment to the "Two-For-One" Career Pattern?" (Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1995).
18. Laurie Weinstein and Helen Mederer, "Blue Navy Blues: Submarine Officers and the Two-Person Career," in Wives and Warriors, eds. Laurie Weinstein and Christie C. White (Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1997), 15.
19. Margaret Bone, "The Changing Role of the Military Spouse," The Retired Officer Magazine LII, (6 June 1997), 27.
20. The findings related to junior enlisted spouses are included in Margaret C. Harrell, Invisible Women: Junior Enlisted Army Wives (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000).
21. For a combination of old and new handbooks as well as those commercially developed, and DoD-provided, see, for example, Ann Crossley and Carol A. Keller, The Army Wife Handbook: A Complete Social Guide, 2nd ed. (Sarasota, FL: ABI Press, 1993); Betty Kinzer and Marion Leach, What Every Army Wife Should Know (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); Nancy Shea, The Army Wife (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1966); Mary Kay Murphy and Carol Bowles Parker, Fitting In as a New Service Wife (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z' A Guide for Family Support Group Leaders" (Fort Drum, NY: 1998); U.S. Army War College, "Choices and Challenges: A Guide for the Battalion Commander's Wife" (Carlisle Barracks, PA: 1991).
22. For a combination of old and new handbooks as well as those commercially developed, and DoD-provided, see, for example, Ann Crossley and Carol A. Keller, The Army Wife Handbook: A Complete Social Guide, 2nd ed. (Sarasota, FL: ABI Press, 1993); Betty Kinzer and Marion Leach, What Every Army Wife Should Know (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); Nancy Shea, The Army Wife (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1966); Mary Kay Murphy and Carol Bowles Parker, Fitting In as a New Service Wife (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z' A Guide for Family Support Group Leaders" (Fort Drum, NY: 1998); U.S. Army War College, "Choices and Challenges: A Guide for the Battalion Commander's Wife" (Carlisle Barracks, PA: 1991).
23. For a combination of old and new handbooks as well as those commercially developed, and DoD-provided, see, for example, Ann Crossley and Carol A. Keller, The Army Wife Handbook: A Complete Social Guide, 2nd ed. (Sarasota, FL: ABI Press, 1993); Betty Kinzer and Marion Leach, What Every Army Wife Should Know (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); Nancy Shea, The Army Wife (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1966); Mary Kay Murphy and Carol Bowles Parker, Fitting In as a New Service Wife (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z' A Guide for Family Support Group Leaders" (Fort Drum, NY: 1998); U.S. Army War College, "Choices and Challenges: A Guide for the Battalion Commander's Wife" (Carlisle Barracks, PA: 1991).
24. For a combination of old and new handbooks as well as those commercially developed, and DoD-provided, see, for example, Ann Crossley and Carol A. Keller, The Army Wife Handbook: A Complete Social Guide, 2nd ed. (Sarasota, FL: ABI Press, 1993); Betty Kinzer and Marion Leach, What Every Army Wife Should Know (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); Nancy Shea, The Army Wife (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1966); Mary Kay Murphy and Carol Bowles Parker, Fitting In as a New Service Wife (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z' A Guide for Family Support Group Leaders" (Fort Drum, NY: 1998); U.S. Army War College, "Choices and Challenges: A Guide for the Battalion Commander's Wife" (Carlisle Barracks, PA: 1991).
25. For a combination of old and new handbooks as well as those commercially developed, and DoD-provided, see, for example, Ann Crossley and Carol A. Keller, The Army Wife Handbook: A Complete Social Guide, 2nd ed. (Sarasota, FL: ABI Press, 1993); Betty Kinzer and Marion Leach, What Every Army Wife Should Know (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); Nancy Shea, The Army Wife (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1966); Mary Kay Murphy and Carol Bowles Parker, Fitting In as a New Service Wife (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z' A Guide for Family Support Group Leaders" (Fort Drum, NY: 1998); U.S. Army War College, "Choices and Challenges: A Guide for the Battalion Commander's Wife" (Carlisle Barracks, PA: 1991).
26. For a combination of old and new handbooks as well as those commercially developed, and DoD-provided, see, for example, Ann Crossley and Carol A. Keller, The Army Wife Handbook: A Complete Social Guide, 2nd ed. (Sarasota, FL: ABI Press, 1993); Betty Kinzer and Marion Leach, What Every Army Wife Should Know (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); Nancy Shea, The Army Wife (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1966); Mary Kay Murphy and Carol Bowles Parker, Fitting In as a New Service Wife (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966); 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z' A Guide for Family Support Group Leaders" (Fort Drum, NY: 1998); U.S. Army War College, "Choices and Challenges: A Guide for the Battalion Commander's Wife" (Carlisle Barracks, PA: 1991).
27. Mary Ann Koch, "Fort Drum Volunteer Handbook" (Fort Drum, NY: May 1998).
28. Pamela C. Garrett, "Unissued Baggage," Marine Corps Gazette, February 1986, 59.
29. Sarkesian, Professional Army Officer, Janowitz, Professional Soldier.
30. Harrell, "Brass Rank and Gold Rings."
31. 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z'": Army Community Service, "Family Support Group Leader Basic Handbook," rev. by Bonita M. Smith, 1998; United States Army, "A Guide to Establishing Family Support Groups," DA-PAM 608-47, 1993; United States Army, "The Army Family Readiness Handbook" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1993); United States Army, "Family Support Group Advanced Training" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1994).
32. 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z'": Army Community Service, "Family Support Group Leader Basic Handbook," rev. by Bonita M. Smith, 1998; United States Army, "A Guide to Establishing Family Support Groups," DA-PAM 608-47, 1993; United States Army, "The Army Family Readiness Handbook" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1993); United States Army, "Family Support Group Advanced Training" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1994).
33. 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z'": Army Community Service, "Family Support Group Leader Basic Handbook," rev. by Bonita M. Smith, 1998; United States Army, "A Guide to Establishing Family Support Groups," DA-PAM 608-47, 1993; United States Army, "The Army Family Readiness Handbook" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1993); United States Army, "Family Support Group Advanced Training" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1994).
34. 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z'": Army Community Service, "Family Support Group Leader Basic Handbook," rev. by Bonita M. Smith, 1998; United States Army, "A Guide to Establishing Family Support Groups," DA-PAM 608-47, 1993; United States Army, "The Army Family Readiness Handbook" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1993); United States Army, "Family Support Group Advanced Training" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1994).
35. 10th Mountain Division, U.S. Army, "'A to Z'": Army Community Service, "Family Support Group Leader Basic Handbook," rev. by Bonita M. Smith, 1998; United States Army, "A Guide to Establishing Family Support Groups," DA-PAM 608-47, 1993; United States Army, "The Army Family Readiness Handbook" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1993); United States Army, "Family Support Group Advanced Training" (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1994).
36. U. S. Army, "Family Readiness Handbook."
37. U.S. Army, "Guide to Establishing," 1.
38. 10th Mtn Div., "A to Z," 7.
39. Durand, "Role of the Army Wife."
40. See Harrell, Invisible Women.
41. There exists no clear Army guidance on how volunteer labor should be valued. Ft. Drum uses a formula that values volunteer labor at a considerably higher rate than minimum wage; the numbers provided herein represent such labor valued at over $12 per hour. Thus, the Ft. Stewart estimate based on minimum wage was extremely conservative.
42. Washington Post, "Captains' Exodus Has Army Fearing For Future," 17 October 2000.