New insights into mechanisms of atrial fibrillation

Physiological Research

Volumn 59, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-12

  Aldhoon, B ^a   Melenovsky V ^a   Peichl, P ^a   Kautzner, J ^a  

^a INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Atrial fibrillation; Electrical; Emodeling; Fibrosis; Structural remodeling; Triggers

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; FIBROSIS; HEART ATRIUM; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART ATRIUM FUNCTION; HEART MUSCLE CONDUCTION SYSTEM; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PULMONARY VEIN; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

ANIMALS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; ATRIAL FUNCTION; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; FIBROSIS; HEART ATRIA; HEART CONDUCTION SYSTEM; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PULMONARY VEINS; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 77952303254     PISSN: 08628408     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. ALLESSIE M, LAMMAERS W, BONKE FIM, HOLLEN J: Experimental evaluation of Moé s multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. In: Cardiac Arrhythmias. DP ZIPES, J JALIFE (eds), Grune and Stratton, New York, 1985, pp 265-276.
2. AMAR D, ZHANG H, HEERDT PM, PARK B, FLEISHER M, THALER HT: Statin use is associated with a reduction in atrial fibrillation after noncardiac thoracic surgery independent of C-reactive protein. Chest 128: 3421-3427, 2005.
3. ANAND K, MOOSS AN, HEE TT, MOHIUDDIN SM: Meta-analysis: inhibition of renin-angiotensin system prevents new-onset atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 152: 217-222, 2006.
4. ARDELL JL: Structure and function of mammalian intrinsic cardiac neurons. In: Neurocardiology. JA ARMOUR, JL ARDELL (eds), Oxford University Press, New York, 1994, pp 95-114.
5. ARMOUR JA, MURPHY DA, YUAN BX, MACDONALD S, HOPKINS DA: Gross and microscopic anatomy of the human intrinsic cardiac nervous system. Anat Rec 247: 289-298, 1997.
6. ARORA R, VERHEULE S, SCOTT L, NAVARRETE A, KATARI V, WILSON E, VAZ D, OLGIN JE: Arrhythmogenic substrate of the pulmonary veins assessed by high-resolution optical mapping. Circulation 107: 1816-1821, 2003.
7. ATIENZA F, JALIFE J: Reentry and atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 4: S13-S16, 2007.
8. ATIENZA F, ALMENDRAL A, MORENO J, VAIDYANATHAN R, TALKACHOU A, KALIFA J, ARENAL A, VILLACASTÍN JP, TORRECILLA EG, SÁNCHEZ A, PLOUTZ-SNYDER R, JALIFE J, BERENFELD O: Activation of inward rectifier potassium channels accelerates atrial fibrillation in humans, evidence for a reentrant mechanism. Circulation 114: 2434-2442, 2006.
9. AUSMA J, WIJFFELS M, THONE F, WOUTERS L, ALLESSIE M, BORGERS M: Structural changes of atrial myocardium due to sustained atrial fibrillation in the goat. Circulation 96: 3157-3163, 1997.
10. AVILES RJ, MARTIN DO, PPERSON-HANSEN C, HOUGHTALING PL, RAUTAHARJU P, KRONMAL RA, TRACY RP, VAN WAGONER DR, PSATY BM, LAUER MS, CHUNG MK: Inflammation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Circulation 108: 3006-3010, 2003.
11. BECKER AE: How structurally normal are human atria in patients with atrial fibrillation? Heart Rhythm 1: 627-631, 2004
12. BENJAMIN EJ, WOLF PA, D'AGOSTINO RB, SILBERSHATZ H, KANNEL WB, LEVY D: Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 98: 946-952, 1998.
13. BLAAUW Y, GÖGELEIN H, TIELEMAN RG, VAN HUNNIK A, SCHOTTEN U, ALLESSIE MA: "Early" class III drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: efficacy and atrial selectivity of AVE0118 in remodeled atria of the goat. Circulation 110: 1717-1724, 2004.
14. BOLDT A, WETZEL U, LAUSCHKE J, WEIGL J, GUMMERT J, HINDRICKS G, KOTTKAMP H, DHEIN S: Fibrosis in left atrial tissue of patients with atrial fibrillation with and without underlying mitral valve disease. Heart 90: 400-405, 2004.
15. BRUINS P, TE VH, YAZDANBAKHSH AP, JANSEN PG, VAN HARDEVELT FW, DE BEAUMONT EM, WILDEVUUR CR, EIJSMAN L, TROUWBORST A, HACK CE: Activation of the complement system during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: postsurgery activation involves C-reactive protein and is associated with postoperative arrhythmia. Circulation 96: 3542-3548, 1997.
16. CAMPBELL SE, KATWA LC: Angiotensin II stimulated expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 29: 1947-1958, 1997.
17. CARDIN S, LI D, THORIN-TRESCASES N, LEUNG TK, THORIN E, NATTEL S: Evolution of the atrial fibrillation substrate in experimental congestive heart failure: angiotensin-dependent and -independent pathways. Cardiovasc Res 60: 315-325, 2003.
18. CARNES CA, CHUNG MK, NAKAYAMA T, NAKAYAMA H, BALIGA RS, PIAO S, KANDERIAN A, PAVIA S, HAMLIN RL, MCCARTHY PM, BAUER JA, VAN WAGONER DR: Ascorbate attenuates atrial pacing-induced peroxynitrite formation and electrical remodeling and decreases the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 89: E32-E38, 2001.
19. CIPOLLONE F, FAZIA M, MINCIONE G, IEZZI A, PINI B, CUCCURULLO C, UCCHINO S, SPIGONARDO F, DI NISIO M, CUCCURULLO F, MEZZETTI A, PORRECA E: Increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 as a stabilizing factor in human atherosclerotic plaques. Stroke 35: 2253-2257, 2004.
20. COURTEMANCHE M, RAMIREZ RJ, NATTEL S: Ionic targets for drug therapy and atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling: insights from a mathematical model. Cardiovasc Res 42: 477-489, 1999.
21. DERNELLIS J, PANARETOU M: Relationship between C-reactive protein concentrations during glucocorticoid therapy and recurrent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 25: 1100-1107, 2004.
22. EHRLICH JR, CHA TJ, ZHANG L, CHARTIER D, MELNYK P, HOHNLOSER SH, NATTEL S: Cellular electrophysiology of canine pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes: action potential and ionic current properties. J Physiol Lond 551: 801-813, 2003.
23. EVERETT TH, OLGIN JE: Atrial fibrosis and the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 4: S24-S27, 2007.
24. FARRÉ J, WELLENS HJ: Philippe Coumel: a founding father of modern arrhythmology. Europace 6: 464-465, 2004.
25. FRUSTACI A, CHIMENTI C, BELLOCCI F, MORGANTE E, RUSSO MA, MASERI A: Histological substrate of atrial biopsies in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. Circulation 96: 1180-1184, 1997.
26. FUSTER V, RYDEN LE, CANNOM DS, CRIJNS HJ, CURTIS AB, ELLENBOGEN KA, HALPERIN JL, LE HEUZEY JY, KAY GN, LOWE JE, OLSSON SB, PRYSTOWSKY EN, TAMARGO JL, WANN S: ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation-executive summary. Eur Heart J 27: 1979-2030, 2006.
27. GARREY WE: Auricular fibrillation. Physiol Rev 4: 215-250, 1924.
28. GASPO R, BOSCH RF, BOU-ABBOUD E, NATTEL S: Tachycardia-induced changes in Na+ current in a chronic dog model of atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 81: 1045-1052, 1997.
29. GITTENBERGER-DE GROOT AC, BLOM NM, AOYAMA N, SUCOV H, WENINK AC, POELMANN RE: The role of neural crest and epicardium-derived cells in conduction system formation. Novartis Found Symp 250: 125-134, 2003.
30. HAISSAGUERRE M, JAIS P, SHAH DC, TAKAHASHI A, HOCINI M, QUINIOU G, GARRIGUE S, LE MA, LE MP, CLEMENTY J: Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 339: 659-666, 1998.
31. HALONEN J, HALONEN P, JARVINEN O, TASKINEN P, AUVINEN T, TARKKA M, HIPPELAINEN M, JUVONEN T, HARTIKAINEN J, HAKALA T: Corticosteroids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 297: 1562-1567, 2007.
32. HO SY, SANCHEZ-QUINTANA D, CABRERA JA, ANDERSON RH: Anatomy of the left atrium: implications for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10: 1525-1533, 1999.
33. HONJO H, BOYETT MR, NIWA R, INADA S, YAMAMOTO M, MITSUI K, HORIUCHI T, SHIBATA N, KAMIYA K, KODAMA I: Pacing-induced spontaneous activity in myocardial sleeves of pulmonary veins after treatment with ryanodine. Circulation 107: 1937-1943, 2003.
34. HSU SY, NAKABAYASHI K, NISHI S, KUMAGAI J, KUDO M, SHERWOOD OD, HSUEH AJ: Activation of orphan receptors by the hormone relaxin. Science 295: 671-674, 2002.
35. KALUS JS, COLEMAN CI, WHITE CM: The impact of suppressing the renin-angiotensin system on atrial fibrillation. J Clin Pharmacol 46: 21-28, 2006.
36. KANGAVARI S, OH YS, ZHOU S, YOUN HJ, LEE MY, JUNG WS, RHO TH, HONG SJ, KAR S, KERWIN WF, SWERDLOW CD, GANG ES, GALLIK DM, GOODMAN JS, CHEN YD, CHEN PS: Radiofrequency catheter ablation and nerve growth factor concentration in humans. Heart Rhythm 3: 1150-1155, 2006.
37. KEANEY JF, Jr.: Oxidative stress and the vascular wall: NADPH oxidases take center stage. Circulation 112: 2585-2588, 2005.
38. KHAN R, SHEPPARD R: Fibrosis in heart disease: understanding the role of transforming growth factor-beta in cardiomyopathy, valvular disease and arrhythmia. Immunology 118: 10-24, 2006.
39. KIM S, OHTA K, HAMAGUCHI A, OMURA T, YUKIMURA T, MIURA K, INADA Y, ISHIMURA Y, CHATANI F, IWAO H: Angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist inhibits the gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and extracellular matrix in cardiac and vascular tissues of hypertensive rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 273: 509-515, 1995.
40. KIM YH, LIM DS, LEE JH, SHIM WJ, RO YM, PARK GH, BECKER KG, CHO-CHUNG YS, KIM MK: Gene expression profiling of oxidative stress on atrial fibrillation in humans. Exp Mol Med 35: 336-349, 2003.
41. KIM YM, GUZIK TJ, ZHANG YH, ZHANG MH, KATTACH H, RATNATUNGA C, PILLAI R, CHANNON KM, CASADEI B: A myocardial Nox2 containing NAD(P)H oxidase contributes to oxidative stress in human atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 97: 629-636, 2005.
42. KORANTZOPOULOS P, KOLETTIS TM, KOUNTOURIS E, DIMITROULA V, KARANIKIS P, PAPPA E, SIOGAS K, GOUDEVENOS JA: Oral vitamin C administration reduces early recurrence rates after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation and attenuates associated inflammation. Int J Cardiol 102: 321-326, 2005.
43. KOYANAGI M, EGASHIRA K, KUBO-INOUE M, USUI M, KITAMOTO S, TOMITA H, SHIMOKAWA H, TAKESHITA A: Role of transforming growth factor-beta1 in cardiovascular inflammatory changes induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Hypertension 35: 86-90, 2000.
44. KÜHLKAMP V, SCHIRDEWAN A, STANGL K, HOMBERG M, PLOCH M, BECK OA: Use of metoprolol CR/XL to maintain sinus rhythm after conversion from persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 139-146, 2000.
45. KUPFAHL C, PINK D, FRIEDRICH K, ZURBRUGG HR, NEUSS M, WARNECKE C, FIELITZ J, GRAF K, FLECK E, REGITZ-ZAGROSEK V: Angiotensin II directly increases transforming growth factor beta1 and osteopontin and indirectly affects collagen mRNA expression in the human heart. Cardiovasc Res 46: 463-475, 2000.
46. KUWAHARA F, KAI H, TOKUDA K, KAI M, TAKESHITA A, EGASHIRA K, IMAIZUMI T: Transforming growth factor-beta function blocking prevents myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in pressure-overloaded rats. Circulation 106: 130-135, 2002.
47. LEE KW, EVERETT TH, RAHMUTULA D, GUERRA JM, WILSON E, DING C, OLGIN JE: Pirfenidone prevents the development of a vulnerable substrate for atrial fibrillation in a canine model of heart failure. Circulation 114: 1703-1712, 2006.
48. LI D, FAREH S, LEUNG TK, NATTEL S: Promotion of atrial fibrillation by heart failure in dogs: atrial remodeling of a different sort. Circulation 100: 87-95, 1999.
49. LI D, SHINAGAWA K, PANG L, LEUNG TK, CARDIN S, WANG Z, NATTEL S: Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive heart failure. Circulation 104: 2608-2614, 2001.
50. MAISEL WH, RAWN JD, STEVENSON WG: Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med 135: 1061-1073, 2001.
51. MIHM MJ, YU F, CARNES CA, REISER PJ, MCCARTHY PM, VAN WAGONER DR, BAUER JA: Impaired myofibrillar energetics and oxidative injury during human atrial fibrillation. Circulation 104: 174-180, 2001.
52. MITCHELL GF, VASAN RS, KEYES MJ, PARISE H, WANG TJ, LARSON MG, D'AGOSTINO RB, Sr., KANNEL WB, LEVY D, BENJAMIN EJ: Pulse pressure and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA 297: 709-715, 2007.
53. MOE GK, RHEINBOLDT WC, ABILDSKOV JA: A computer model of atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 67: 200-220, 1964.
54. MORILLO CA, KLEIN GJ, JONES DL, GUIRAUDON CM: Chronic rapid atrial pacing. Structural, functional, and electrophysiological characteristics of a new model of sustained atrial fibrillation. Circulation 91: 1588-1595, 1995.
55. NADEMANEE K, MCKENZIE J, KOSAR E, SCHWAB M, SUNSANEEWITAYAKUL B, VASAVAKUL T, KHUNNAWAT C, NGARMUKOS T: A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 2044-2053, 2004.
56. OH S, ZHANG Y, BIBEVSKI S, MARROUCHE NF, NATALE A, MAZGALEV TN: Vagal denervation and atrial fibrillation inducibility: epicardial fat pad ablation does not have long-term effects. Heart Rhythm 3: 701-708, 2006.
57. OKAZAKI H, MINAMINO T, TSUKAMOTO O, KIM J, OKADA K, MYOISHI M, WAKENO M, TAKASHIMA S, MOCHIZUKI N, KITAKAZE M: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker prevents atrial structural remodeling in rats with hypertension induced by chronic nitric oxide inhibition. Hypertens Res 29: 277-284, 2006.
58. OKUYAMA Y, PAK HN, MIYAUCHI Y, LIU YB, CHOU CC, HAYASHI H, FU KJ, KERWIN WF, KAR S, HATA C, KARAGUEUZIAN HS, FISHBEIN MC, CHEN PS, CHEN LS: Nerve sprouting induced by radiofrequency catheter ablation in dogs. Heart Rhythm 1: 712-717, 2004.
59. PANDOZI C, BIANCONI L, VILLANI M, GENTILUCCI G, CASTRO A, ALTAMURA G, JESI AP, LAMBERTI F, AMMIRATI F, SANTINI M: Electrophysiological characteristics of the human atria after cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation. Circulation 98: 2860-2865, 1998.
60. PAPPONE C, SANTINELLI V, MANGUSO F, VICEDOMINI G, GUGLIOTTA F, AUGELLO G, MAZZONE P, TORTORIELLO V, LANDONI G, ZANGRILLO A, LANG C, TOMITA T, MESAS C, MASTELLA E, ALFIERI O: Pulmonary vein denervation enhances long-term benefit after circumferential ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation 109: 327-334, 2004.
61. PEPYS MB, HIRSCHFIELD GM, TENNENT GA, GALLIMORE JR, KAHAN MC, BELLOTTI V, HAWKINS PN, MYERS RM, SMITH MD, POLARA A, COBB AJ, LEY SV, AQUILINA JA, ROBINSON CV, SHARIF I, GRAY GA, SABIN CA, JENVEY MC, KOLSTOE SE, THOMPSON D, WOOD SP: Targeting C-reactive protein for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nature 440: 1217-1221, 2006.
62. SAMUEL CS, HEWITSON TD, UNEMORI EN, TANG ML: Drugs of the future: the hormone relaxin. Cell Mol Life Sci 64: 1539-1557, 2007.
63. SCHERLAG BJ, YAMANASHI W, PATEL U, LAZZARA R, JACKMAN WM: Autonomically induced conversion of pulmonary vein focal firing into atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 45: 1878-1886, 2005.
64. SCHULTZ JJ, WITT SA, GLASCOCK BJ, NIEMAN ML, REISER PJ, NIX SL, KIMBALL TR, DOETSCHMAN T: TGF-beta1 mediates the hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth induced by angiotensin II. J Clin Invest 109: 787-796, 2002.
65. SHINAGAWA K, SHIROSHITA-TAKESHITA A, SCHRAM G, NATTEL S: Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on fibrillation in the remodeled atrium: insights into the mechanism of the superior efficacy of amiodarone. Circulation 107: 1440-1446.
66. SHIROSHITA-TAKESHITA A, BRUNDEL BJ, LAVOIE J, NATTEL S: Prednisone prevents atrial fibrillation promotion by atrial tachycardia remodeling in dogs. Cardiovasc Res 69: 865-875, 2006.
67. SHIROSHITA-TAKESHITA A, BRUNDEL BJ, BURSTEIN B, LEUNG TK, MITAMURA H, OGAWA S, NATTEL S: Effects of simvastatin on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 74: 75-84, 2007.
68. TAN AY, LI H, WACHSMANN-HOGIU S, CHEN LS, CHEN PS, FISHBEIN MC: Autonomic innervation and segmental muscular disconnections at the human pulmonary vein-atrial junction: implications for catheter ablation of atrial-pulmonary vein junction. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 132-143, 2006.
69. TIELEMAN RG, VAN GELDER IC, BOSKER HA, KINGMA T, WILDE AA, KIRCHHOF CJ, BENNEKERS JH, BRACKE FA, VEEGER NJ, HAAKSMA J, ALLESSIE MA, CRIJNS HJ: Does flecainide regain its antiarrhythmic activity after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation? Heart Rhythm 2: 223-230, 2005
70. TOWBIN JA: Scarring in the heart--a reversible phenomenon? N Engl J Med 357: 1767-1768, 2007
71. TVEIT A, SELJEFLOT I, GRUNDVOLD I, ABDELNOOR M, SMITH P, ARNESEN H: Effect of candesartan and various inflammatory markers on maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 99: 1544-1548, 2007.
72. VERHEULE S, SATO T, EVERETT T, ENGLE SK, OTTEN D, RUBART-VON DER LOHE M, NAKAJIMA HO, NAKAJIMA H, FIELD LJ, OLGIN JE: Increased vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in transgenic mice with selective atrial fibrosis caused by overexpression of TGF-beta1. Circ Res 94: 1458-1465, 2004.
73. WIJFFELS MC, KIRCHHOF CJ, DORLAND R, ALLESSIE MA: Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation 92: 1954-1968, 1995.
74. WIT AL, BOYDEN PA: Triggered activity and atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 4 (3 Suppl): S17-S23, 2007.
75. YUE L, FENG J, GASPO R, LI GR, WANG Z, NATTEL S: Ionic remodeling underlying action potential changes in a canine model of atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 81: 512-525, 1997.
76. ZHOU S, CHANG CM, WU TJ, MIYAUCHI Y, OKUYAMA Y, PARK AM, HAMABE A, OMICHI C, HAYASHI H, BRODSKY LA, MANDEL WJ, TING CT, FISHBEIN MC, KARAGUEUZIAN HS, CHEN PS: Nonreentrant focal activations in pulmonary veins in canine model of sustained atrial fibrillation. Am J Physiol 283: H1244-H1252, 2002.
77. ZIPES DP, MIHALICK MJ, ROBBINS GT: Effects of selective vagal and stellate ganglion stimulation of atrial refractoriness. Cardiovasc Res 8: 647-655, 1974.