메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 321-338

Evolutionary robotic approaches in primate gait analysis

Author keywords

Achilles tendon; Bipedalism; Computer simulation; Elasticity; Locomotion; Virtual ablation

Indexed keywords

BIPEDALISM; ELASTICITY; EVOLUTIONARY THEORY; FOSSIL RECORD; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; HOMINID; KINEMATICS; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; ROBOTICS;

EID: 77951769117     PISSN: 01640291     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10764-010-9396-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0032578877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical jumping in Galago senegalensis: The quest for an obligate mechanical power amplifier
    • Aerts, P. (1998). Vertical jumping in Galago senegalensis: The quest for an obligate mechanical power amplifier. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 353, 1607-1620.
    • (1998) Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences , vol.353 , pp. 1607-1620
    • Aerts, P.1
  • 2
    • 84985332613 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of jumping by a dog (Canis familiaris)
    • Alexander, R. M. (1974). The mechanics of jumping by a dog (Canis familiaris). Journal of Zoology, 173, 549-573.
    • (1974) Journal of Zoology , vol.173 , pp. 549-573
    • Alexander, R.M.1
  • 6
    • 77951764695 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic similarity hypothesis for the gaits of quadrupedal mammals
    • Alexander, R. M., & Jayes, A. S. (1983). Dynamic similarity hypothesis for the gaits of quadrupedal mammals. Journal of Zoology, 202, 557-582.
    • (1983) Journal of Zoology , vol.202 , pp. 557-582
    • Alexander, R.M.1    Jayes, A.S.2
  • 7
    • 4444254696 scopus 로고
    • Stride lengths and stride frequencies of primates
    • Alexander, R. M., & Maloiy, G. M. (1984). Stride lengths and stride frequencies of primates. Journal of Zoology, 201, 135-152.
    • (1984) Journal of Zoology , vol.201 , pp. 135-152
    • Alexander, R.M.1    Maloiy, G.M.2
  • 9
    • 77952254959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity analysis in evolutionary robotic simulations of bipedal dinosaur running
    • In Press
    • Bates, K. T., Manning, P. L., & Sellers, W. I. (In Press). Sensitivity analysis in evolutionary robotic simulations of bipedal dinosaur running. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
    • Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
    • Bates, K.T.1    Manning, P.L.2    Sellers, W.I.3
  • 12
    • 0024114031 scopus 로고
    • Kangaroo rat locomotion: Design for elastic energy storage or acceleration?
    • Biewener, A. A., & Blickhan, R. (1988). Kangaroo rat locomotion: Design for elastic energy storage or acceleration? Journal of Experimental Biology, 140, 243-255.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.140 , pp. 243-255
    • Biewener, A.A.1    Blickhan, R.2
  • 13
    • 0032102887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo muscle force-length behavior during steady-speed hopping in tammar wallabies
    • Biewener, A. A., Konieczynski, D. D., & Baudinette, R. V. (1998). In vivo muscle force-length behavior during steady-speed hopping in tammar wallabies. Journal of Experimental Biology, 201, 1681-1694.
    • (1998) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.201 , pp. 1681-1694
    • Biewener, A.A.1    Konieczynski, D.D.2    Baudinette, R.V.3
  • 14
    • 0018645695 scopus 로고
    • Calcaneocuboid joint and stability of the longitudinal arch of the foot at high and low gear push off
    • Bojsen-Møller, F. (1979). Calcaneocuboid joint and stability of the longitudinal arch of the foot at high and low gear push off. Journal of Anatomy, 129, 165-176.
    • (1979) Journal of Anatomy , vol.129 , pp. 165-176
    • Bojsen-Møller, F.1
  • 15
    • 9244222260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endurance running and the evolution of Homo
    • Bramble, D. M., & Lieberman, D. (2004). Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature, 432, 345-352.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 345-352
    • Bramble, D.M.1    Lieberman, D.2
  • 16
    • 0033986630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biomechanical relationship between the tendoachilles, plantar fascia and metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angle
    • Carlson, R. E., Fleming, L. L., & Hutton, W. C. (2000). The biomechanical relationship between the tendoachilles, plantar fascia and metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angle. Foot & Ankle International, 21, 18-25.
    • (2000) Foot & Ankle International , vol.21 , pp. 18-25
    • Carlson, R.E.1    Fleming, L.L.2    Hutton, W.C.3
  • 17
    • 0001458227 scopus 로고
    • The energetic paradox of human running and hominid evolution
    • Carrier, D. R. (1984). The energetic paradox of human running and hominid evolution. Current Anthropology, 25, 483-495.
    • (1984) Current Anthropology , vol.25 , pp. 483-495
    • Carrier, D.R.1
  • 18
    • 0017708178 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion, two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure
    • Cavagna, G. A., Heglund, N. C., & Taylor, C. R. (1977). Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion, two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure. American Journal of Physiology, 233, R243-R261.
    • (1977) American Journal of Physiology , vol.233
    • Cavagna, G.A.1    Heglund, N.C.2    Taylor, C.R.3
  • 19
    • 77951430148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A consideration of leaping locomotion as a means of predator avoidance in prosimian primates
    • K. A. I. Nekaris and S. L. Gursky (Eds.), New York: Springer
    • Crompton, R. H., & Sellers, W. I. (2007). A consideration of leaping locomotion as a means of predator avoidance in prosimian primates. In K. A. I. Nekaris & S. L. Gursky (Eds.), Primate anti-predator strategies (pp. 127-145). New York: Springer.
    • (2007) Primate Anti-Predator Strategies , pp. 127-145
    • Crompton, R.H.1    Sellers, W.I.2
  • 20
    • 0032124596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanical effectiveness of erect and "bent-hip, bent-knee" bipedal walking in Australopithecus afarensis
    • Crompton, R. H., Li, Y., Wang, W., Günther, M. M., & Savage, R. (1998). The mechanical effectiveness of erect and "bent-hip, bent-knee" bipedal walking in Australopithecus afarensis. Journal of Human Evolution, 35, 55-74.
    • (1998) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.35 , pp. 55-74
    • Crompton, R.H.1    Li, Y.2    Wang, W.3    Günther, M.M.4    Savage, R.5
  • 22
    • 45849096872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotion and posture from the common hominoid ancestor to fully modern hominins, with special reference to the last common panin/hominin ancestor
    • Crompton, R. H., Vereecke, E. E., & Thorpe, S. K. S. (2008). Locomotion and posture from the common hominoid ancestor to fully modern hominins, with special reference to the last common panin/hominin ancestor. Journal of Anatomy, 212, 501-543.
    • (2008) Journal of Anatomy , vol.212 , pp. 501-543
    • Crompton, R.H.1    Vereecke, E.E.2    Thorpe, S.K.S.3
  • 23
    • 0026625282 scopus 로고
    • Plantar fasciotomy for intractable plantar fasciitis: Clinical results and biomechanical evaluation
    • Daly, P. J., Kitaoka, H. B., & Chao, E. Y. S. (1992). Plantar fasciotomy for intractable plantar fasciitis: Clinical results and biomechanical evaluation. Foot and Ankle, 13, 188-195.
    • (1992) Foot and Ankle , vol.13 , pp. 188-195
    • Daly, P.J.1    Kitaoka, H.B.2    Chao, E.Y.S.3
  • 24
    • 0001228922 scopus 로고
    • Elastic extensions of leg tendons in the locomotion of horses (Equus caballus)
    • Dimery, N. J., Alexander, R. M., & Ker, R. F. (1986). Elastic extensions of leg tendons in the locomotion of horses (Equus caballus). Journal of Zoology, 210, 415-425.
    • (1986) Journal of Zoology , vol.210 , pp. 415-425
    • Dimery, N.J.1    Alexander, R.M.2    Ker, R.F.3
  • 25
    • 2442567798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in foot loading following plantar fasciotomy: A computer modeling study
    • Erdemir, A., & Piazza, S. J. (2004). Changes in foot loading following plantar fasciotomy: A computer modeling study. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 126, 237-243.
    • (2004) Journal of Biomechanical Engineering , vol.126 , pp. 237-243
    • Erdemir, A.1    Piazza, S.J.2
  • 27
    • 0008735671 scopus 로고
    • Der Musculus triceps surae in der Primatenreihe
    • Frey, H. (1913). Der Musculus triceps surae in der Primatenreihe. Morphologische Jahrbuch, 47, 1-192.
    • (1913) Morphologische Jahrbuch , vol.47 , pp. 1-192
    • Frey, H.1
  • 28
    • 0026035193 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of a rapid running insect-2-legged, 4-legged and 6-legged locomotion
    • Full, R. J., & Tu, M. S. (1991). Mechanics of a rapid running insect-2-legged, 4-legged and 6-legged locomotion. Journal of Experimental Biology, 156, 215-231.
    • (1991) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.156 , pp. 215-231
    • Full, R.J.1    Tu, M.S.2
  • 29
    • 0024081198 scopus 로고
    • Speed, stride frequency and energy-cost per stride-how do they change with body size and gait
    • Heglund, N. C., & Taylor, C. R. (1988). Speed, stride frequency and energy-cost per stride-how do they change with body size and gait. Journal of Experimental Biology, 138, 301-318.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.138 , pp. 301-318
    • Heglund, N.C.1    Taylor, C.R.2
  • 30
    • 77049185349 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of the foot: II The plantar aponeurosis and the arch
    • Hicks, J. H. (1954). The mechanics of the foot: II The plantar aponeurosis and the arch. Journal of Anatomy, 88, 25-31.
    • (1954) Journal of Anatomy , vol.88 , pp. 25-31
    • Hicks, J.H.1
  • 31
    • 0000682154 scopus 로고
    • The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle
    • Hill, A. V. (1938). The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 126, 136-195.
    • (1938) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , vol.126 , pp. 136-195
    • Hill, A.V.1
  • 33
    • 0030200748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between vertical ground reaction force and speed during walking, slow jogging, and running
    • Keller, T. S., Weisberger, A. M., Ray, J. L., Hasan, S. S., Shiavi, R. G., & Spengler, D. M. (1996). Relationship between vertical ground reaction force and speed during walking, slow jogging, and running. Clinical Biomechanics, 11, 253-259.
    • (1996) Clinical Biomechanics , vol.11 , pp. 253-259
    • Keller, T.S.1    Weisberger, A.M.2    Ray, J.L.3    Hasan, S.S.4    Shiavi, R.G.5    Spengler, D.M.6
  • 35
    • 0010301699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The centre of gravity of the body during the ontogeny of chimpanzee bipedal walking
    • Kimura, T. (1996). The centre of gravity of the body during the ontogeny of chimpanzee bipedal walking. Folia Primatologica, 66, 126-136.
    • (1996) Folia Primatologica , vol.66 , pp. 126-136
    • Kimura, T.1
  • 36
    • 0033213194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the locomotor energetics of extinct hominids
    • Kramer, P. A. (1999). Modelling the locomotor energetics of extinct hominids. Journal of Experimental Biology, 202, 2807-2818.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.202 , pp. 2807-2818
    • Kramer, P.A.1
  • 37
    • 0022549246 scopus 로고
    • EMG of scapulohumeral muscles in the chimpanzee during reaching and "arboreal" locomotion
    • Larson, S. G., & Stern, J. T. (1986). EMG of scapulohumeral muscles in the chimpanzee during reaching and "arboreal" locomotion. American Journal of Anatomy, 176, 171-190.
    • (1986) American Journal of Anatomy , vol.176 , pp. 171-190
    • Larson, S.G.1    Stern, J.T.2
  • 38
    • 0025805015 scopus 로고
    • EMG of serratus anterior and trapezius in the chimpanzee-scapular rotators revisited
    • Larson, S. G., Stern, J. T., & Jungers, W. L. (1991). EMG of serratus anterior and trapezius in the chimpanzee-scapular rotators revisited. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 85, 71-84.
    • (1991) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.85 , pp. 71-84
    • Larson, S.G.1    Stern, J.T.2    Jungers, W.L.3
  • 40
    • 31044455698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo mechanical properties of the human Achilles tendon during one-legged hopping
    • Lichtwark, G. A. (2005). In vivo mechanical properties of the human Achilles tendon during one-legged hopping. Journal of Experimental Biology, 208, 4715-4725.
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.208 , pp. 4715-4725
    • Lichtwark, G.A.1
  • 41
    • 33845270939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the human gastrocnemius muscle and the Achilles tendon during incline, level and decline locomotion
    • Lichtwark, G. A., & Wilson, A. M. (2006). Interactions between the human gastrocnemius muscle and the Achilles tendon during incline, level and decline locomotion. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209, 4379-4388.
    • (2006) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.209 , pp. 4379-4388
    • Lichtwark, G.A.1    Wilson, A.M.2
  • 42
    • 34247869558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is Achilles tendon compliance optimised for maximum muscle efficiency during locomotion?
    • Lichtwark, G. A., & Wilson, A. M. (2007). Is Achilles tendon compliance optimised for maximum muscle efficiency during locomotion? Journal of Biomechanics, 40, 1768-1775.
    • (2007) Journal of Biomechanics , vol.40 , pp. 1768-1775
    • Lichtwark, G.A.1    Wilson, A.M.2
  • 43
    • 0026073353 scopus 로고
    • A distribution-moment model of energetics in skeletal muscle
    • Ma, S., & Zahalak, G. I. (1991). A distribution-moment model of energetics in skeletal muscle. Journal of Biomechanics, 24, 21-35.
    • (1991) Journal of Biomechanics , vol.24 , pp. 21-35
    • Ma, S.1    Zahalak, G.I.2
  • 46
    • 10044295116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromusculoskeletal computer modeling and simulation of upright, straight-legged, bipedal locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis (A.L. 288-1)
    • Nagano, A., Umberger, B. R., Marzke, M. W., & Gerritsen, K. G. M. (2005). Neuromusculoskeletal computer modeling and simulation of upright, straight-legged, bipedal locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis (A. L. 288-1). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 126, 2-13.
    • (2005) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.126 , pp. 2-13
    • Nagano, A.1    Umberger, B.R.2    Marzke, M.W.3    Gerritsen, K.G.M.4
  • 47
    • 15944398315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ankle plantar flexor force production is an important determinant of the preferred walk-to-run transition speed
    • Neptune, R. R., & Sasaki, K. (2005). Ankle plantar flexor force production is an important determinant of the preferred walk-to-run transition speed. Journal of Experimental Biology, 208, 799-808.
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.208 , pp. 799-808
    • Neptune, R.R.1    Sasaki, K.2
  • 48
    • 33847689469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From bone to plausible bipedal locomotion using inverse kinematics
    • Nicolas, G., Multon, F., Berillon, G., & Marchal, F. (2007). From bone to plausible bipedal locomotion using inverse kinematics. Journal of Biomechanics, 40, 1048-1057.
    • (2007) Journal of Biomechanics , vol.40 , pp. 1048-1057
    • Nicolas, G.1    Multon, F.2    Berillon, G.3    Marchal, F.4
  • 50
    • 44649131906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the plantar pressure correlates of walking speed using pedobarographic statistical parametric mapping (pSPM)
    • Pataky, T. C., Caravaggi, P., Savage, R., Parker, D., Goulermas, J. Y., Sellers, W. I., et al. (2008). New insights into the plantar pressure correlates of walking speed using pedobarographic statistical parametric mapping (pSPM). Journal of Biomechanics, 41, 1987-1994.
    • (2008) Journal of Biomechanics , vol.41 , pp. 1987-1994
    • Pataky, T.C.1    Caravaggi, P.2    Savage, R.3    Parker, D.4    Goulermas, J.Y.5    Sellers, W.I.6
  • 51
    • 0031016676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscular force in running turkeys: The economy of minimizing work
    • Roberts, T. J., Marsh, R. L., Weyand, P. G., & Taylor, C. R. (1997). Muscular force in running turkeys: The economy of minimizing work. Science, 275, 1113-1115.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1113-1115
    • Roberts, T.J.1    Marsh, R.L.2    Weyand, P.G.3    Taylor, C.R.4
  • 52
    • 10044261150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical significance of femoral head trabecular bone structure in Loris and Galago evaluated using micromechanical finite element models
    • Ryan, T., & van Rietbergen, B. (2004). Mechanical significance of femoral head trabecular bone structure in Loris and Galago evaluated using micromechanical finite element models. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 126, 82-96.
    • (2004) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.126 , pp. 82-96
    • Ryan, T.1    van Rietbergen, B.2
  • 53
    • 2742600195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A biomechanical investigation into the absence of leaping in the locomotor repertoire of the Slender Loris (Loris tardigradus)
    • Sellers, W. I. (1996). A biomechanical investigation into the absence of leaping in the locomotor repertoire of the Slender Loris (Loris tardigradus). Folia Primatologica, 67, 1-14.
    • (1996) Folia Primatologica , vol.67 , pp. 1-14
    • Sellers, W.I.1
  • 55
    • 0037387959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the metabolic energy costs of bipedalism using evolutionary robotics
    • Sellers, W. I., Dennis, L. A., & Crompton, R. H. (2003). Predicting the metabolic energy costs of bipedalism using evolutionary robotics. Journal of Experimental Biology, 206, 1127-1136.
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.206 , pp. 1127-1136
    • Sellers, W.I.1    Dennis, L.A.2    Crompton, R.H.3
  • 56
    • 2942748044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating alternative gait strategies using evolutionary robotics
    • Sellers, W. I., Dennis, L. A., Wang, W., & Crompton, R. H. (2004). Evaluating alternative gait strategies using evolutionary robotics. Journal of Anatomy, 204, 343-351.
    • (2004) Journal of Anatomy , vol.204 , pp. 343-351
    • Sellers, W.I.1    Dennis, L.A.2    Wang, W.3    Crompton, R.H.4
  • 57
    • 33744478292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stride lengths, speed and energy costs in walking of Australopithecus afarensis: Using evolutionary robotics to predict locomotion of early human ancestors
    • Sellers, W. I., Cain, G. M., Wang, W., & Crompton, R. H. (2005). Stride lengths, speed and energy costs in walking of Australopithecus afarensis: Using evolutionary robotics to predict locomotion of early human ancestors. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 5, 431-441.
    • (2005) Journal of the Royal Society Interface , vol.5 , pp. 431-441
    • Sellers, W.I.1    Cain, G.M.2    Wang, W.3    Crompton, R.H.4
  • 58
    • 34547797422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of passive elastic joint moment-angle relationships in the lower extremity
    • Silder, A., Whittington, B., Heiderscheit, B., & Thelen, D. G. (2007). Identification of passive elastic joint moment-angle relationships in the lower extremity. Journal of Biomechanics, 40, 2628-2635.
    • (2007) Journal of Biomechanics , vol.40 , pp. 2628-2635
    • Silder, A.1    Whittington, B.2    Heiderscheit, B.3    Thelen, D.G.4
  • 60
    • 30144437597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer optimization of a minimal biped model discovers walking and running
    • Srinivasan, M., & Ruina, A. (2006). Computer optimization of a minimal biped model discovers walking and running. Nature, 439, 72-75.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 72-75
    • Srinivasan, M.1    Ruina, A.2
  • 61
    • 0018897852 scopus 로고
    • EMG of the interosseous and lumbrical muscles in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) hand during locomotion
    • Susman, R. L., & Stern, J. T. (1980). EMG of the interosseous and lumbrical muscles in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) hand during locomotion. American Journal of Anatomy, 157, 389-397.
    • (1980) American Journal of Anatomy , vol.157 , pp. 389-397
    • Susman, R.L.1    Stern, J.T.2
  • 62
    • 0015921182 scopus 로고
    • Running on two or on four legs: Which consumes more energy?
    • Taylor, C., & Rowntree, V. J. (1973). Running on two or on four legs: Which consumes more energy? Science, 179, 186-187.
    • (1973) Science , vol.179 , pp. 186-187
    • Taylor, C.1    Rowntree, V.J.2
  • 63
    • 0015498646 scopus 로고
    • Running up and down hills: Some consequences of size
    • Taylor, C., Caldwell, S. L., & Rowntree, V. J. (1972). Running up and down hills: Some consequences of size. Science, 178, 1096-1097.
    • (1972) Science , vol.178 , pp. 1096-1097
    • Taylor, C.1    Caldwell, S.L.2    Rowntree, V.J.3
  • 64
    • 0020124157 scopus 로고
    • Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion, I: Metabolic energy consumption as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammals
    • Taylor, C. R., Heglund, N. C., & Maloiy, G. M. (1982). Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion, I: Metabolic energy consumption as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammals. Journal of Experimental Biology, 97, 1-21.
    • (1982) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.97 , pp. 1-21
    • Taylor, C.R.1    Heglund, N.C.2    Maloiy, G.M.3
  • 65
    • 4444248391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stresses exerted in the hindlimb muscles of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) during bipedal locomotion
    • Thorpe, S. K. S., Crompton, R. H., & Wang, W. J. (2004). Stresses exerted in the hindlimb muscles of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) during bipedal locomotion. Folia Primatologica, 75, 253-265.
    • (2004) Folia Primatologica , vol.75 , pp. 253-265
    • Thorpe, S.K.S.1    Crompton, R.H.2    Wang, W.J.3
  • 67
    • 0346671103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal patterns of plantar pressure and lower-leg muscle activity during walking: Effect of speed
    • Warren, G. L., Maher, R. M., & Higbie, E. J. (2004). Temporal patterns of plantar pressure and lower-leg muscle activity during walking: Effect of speed. Gait & Posture, 19, 91-100.
    • (2004) Gait & Posture , vol.19 , pp. 91-100
    • Warren, G.L.1    Maher, R.M.2    Higbie, E.J.3
  • 68
    • 0037413664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A catapult action for rapid limb protraction
    • Wilson, S. W., & Watson, J. C. (2003). A catapult action for rapid limb protraction. Nature, 421, 35-36.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 35-36
    • Wilson, S.W.1    Watson, J.C.2
  • 72
    • 2742540995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical analysis of the development of human bipedal walking by a neuro-musculo-skeletal model
    • Yamazaki, N., Hase, K., Ogihara, N., & Hayamizu, N. (1996). Biomechanical analysis of the development of human bipedal walking by a neuro-musculo-skeletal model. Folia Primatologica, 66, 253-271.
    • (1996) Folia Primatologica , vol.66 , pp. 253-271
    • Yamazaki, N.1    Hase, K.2    Ogihara, N.3    Hayamizu, N.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.