To B or not to B: Is non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol an adequate surrogate for apolipoprotein B?

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Volumn 85, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 446-450

  Lavie, Carl J ^a   Milani, Richard V ^a   O'Keefe, James H ^b  

^a JOHN OCHSNER HEART AND VASCULAR INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b SAINT LUKE S MID AMERICA HEART INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; ATORVASTATIN; EZETIMIBE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; NICOTINIC ACID; NON HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE MARKER; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; HEART INFARCTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LABORATORY TEST; LIPID ANALYSIS; LOW DRUG DOSE; NOTE; OBESITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHYSICIAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SMOKING CESSATION;

EID: 77951745342     PISSN: 00256196     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0058     Document Type: Note

References (38)

1. Albert Einstein. The Quotations Page Web site. http://www.quotationspage. com/quote/26950.html. Accessed March 10, 2010.
2. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, O'Keefe JH. Statin wars: emphasis on potency vs event reduction and safety. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82(5):539-542.
3. O'Keefe JH, Bybee KA, Lavie CJ. Intensive lipid intervention in the post-ENHANCE era. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(8):867-869.
4. Lavie CJ, Milani RV. Shedding light on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: the post-ILLUMINATE era. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(1):56-58.
5. Cardenas GA, Lavie CJ, Cardenas V, Milani RV, McCullough PA. The importance of recognizing and treating low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a new era in atherosclerosis management. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2008;9(4):239-258.
6. O'Keefe JH Jr, Cordain L, Harris WH, Moe RM, Vogel R. Optimal lowdensity lipoprotein is 50 to 70 mg/dl: lower is better and physiologically normal. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(11):2142-2146. (Pubitemid 38686815)
7. Harper CR, Jacobson TA. Using apolipoprotein B to manage dyslipidemic patients: time for a change? Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(5):440-445.
8. Arsenault BJ, Rana JS, Stroes ES, et al. Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: respective contributions of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to coronary heart disease risk in apparently healthy men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;55(1):35-41.
9. Sniderman AD. Counterpoint to (measure apo) B or not to (measure apo) B: a critique of modern medical decision-making. Clin Chem. 1997;43(8, pt 1):1310-1314.
10. Sniderman A. Targets for LDL-lowering therapy. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2009;20(4):282-287.
11. Sniderman A, Williams K, Cobbaert C. ApoB versus non-HDL-C: what to do when they disagree. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2009;11(5):358-363.
12. Robinson JG, Wang S, Smith BJ, Jacobson TA. Meta-analysis of the relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and coronary heart disease risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(4):316-322.
13. Robinson JG. Are you targeting non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [editorial]? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;55(1):42-44.
14. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285(19):2486-2497.
15. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Mehra MR, Ventura HO. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54(7):585-594.
16. Kastelein JJ, van der Stieg W, Holme I, et al. Lipids, apolipoproteins, and their ratios in relation to cardiovascular events with statin treatment. Circulation. 2008;117(23):3002-3009.
17. Ballantyne CM, Raichlen JS, Cain VA. Statin therapy alters the relationship between apolipoprotein B and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets in high-risk patients: the MERCURY II (Measuring Effective Reductions in Cholesterol Using Rosuvastatin) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(8):626-632.
18. Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA; National Lipid Association Taskforce on Non-HDL Cholesterol. The importance of non-HDL cholesterol reporting in lipid management. J Clin Lipidol. 2008;2(4):267-273.
19. Jacobson TA. A "hot" topic in dyslipidemia management - "how to beat a flush": optimizing niacin tolerability to promote long-term adherence and coronary disease prevention. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(4):365-379.
20. Lee JH, O'Keefe JH, Lavie CJ, Marchioli R, Harris WS. Omega-3 fatty acids for cardioprotection. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(3):324-332.
21. Barter P, Gotto A, LaRosa J, et al; TNT Investigators. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(13):1301-1310. (Pubitemid 47481452)
22. Miller M, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, Qin J, Ray KK, Braunwald E; PROVE IT-TIMI 22 Investigators. Impact of triglyceride levels beyond lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol after acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(7):724-730. (Pubitemid 351221217)
23. Taylor AJ, Villines TC, Stanek EJ, et al. Extended-release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima-media thickness. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(22):2113- 2122.
24. Briel M, Ferreira-Gonzalez I, You JJ, et al. Association between change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: systemic review and meta-regression analysis. BMJ. 2009;338:b92. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/338/feb16-1/b92. Published February 16, 2009. Accessed March 10, 2010.
25. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Verma A, O'Keefe JH. C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: is it ready for primetime? Am J Med Sci. 2009;338(6):486-492.
26. O'Keefe JH, Carter MD, Lavie CJ, Bell DS. The gravity of JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin). Postgrad Med. 2009;121(3):113-118.
27. Florvall G, Basu S, Larsson A. Apolipoprotein A1 is a stronger prognostic marker than are HDL and LDL cholesterol for cardiovascular disease and mortality in elderly men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(12):1262-1266. (Pubitemid 46147782)
28. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-952. (Pubitemid 39208455)
29. O'Keefe JH, Carter MD, Lavie CJ. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: a practical evidence-based approach. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(8):741-757.
30. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(21): 1925-1932.
31. Lavie CJ, Thomas RJ, Squires RW, Allison TG, Milani RV. Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(4):373-383.
32. Sniderman AD, St-Pierre AC, Cantin B, Dagenais GR, Després JP, Lamarche B. Concordance/discordance between plasma apolipoprotein B levels and the cholesterol indexes of atherosclerotic risk. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91(10):1173-1177. (Pubitemid 36561379)
33. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al; JUPITER Study Group. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated Creactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(21):2195-2207.
34. Genest J, Frohlich J, Fodor G, McPherson R; Working Group on Hypercholesterolemia and Other Dyslipidemias. Recommendations for the management of dyslipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of the 2003 update [published correction appears in CMAJ. 2003;169(11):1149]. CMAJ. 2003;169(9):921-924.
35. Brunzell JD, Davidson M, Furberg CD, et al. Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(4):811-822. (Pubitemid 351470037)
36. Greenland P, Alpert JS, Beller GA, et al. 2009 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. In press.
37. Thor Hyerdahl. ThinkExist.Com Web site. Thor-Heyerdahl Quotes. http://thinkexist.com/quotes/thor-heyerdahl/. Accessed March 10, 2010.
38. Leonardo da Vinci. ThinkExist.Com Web site. Leonardo da Vinci Quotes. http://thinkexist.com/quotation/simplicity-is-the-ultimate-sophistication/ 213576.html. Accessed March 10, 2010.