Level of sedation with nitrous oxide for pediatric medical procedures

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Volumn 110, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1399-1405

  Zier, Judith L ^a   Tarrago, Rod ^a   Liu, Meixia ^a  

^a Children's Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN; ENEMA; NITROUS OXIDE;

ABSCESS DRAINAGE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGITATION; ANESTHESIA COMPLICATION; ANESTHESIA INDUCTION; ANESTHESIA LEVEL; APNEA; ARTICLE; BLADDER CATHETERIZATION; CAST APPLICATION; CHILD; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DELIRIUM; DIAPHORESIS; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION; GASTROSTOMY; HICCUP; HUMAN; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; LACERATION; LUMBAR PUNCTURE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; NASOGASTRIC TUBE; NAUSEA; NERVE CONDUCTION; OXYGEN SATURATION; PEDIATRICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSE OXIMETRY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEDATION; SEIZURE; SPLINTING; SPUTUM; STRIDOR; URODYNAMICS; VASCULAR ACCESS; VEIN PUNCTURE; VOMITING;

EID: 77951715316     PISSN: 00032999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181d539cf     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 2002;96:1004-1017
2. American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, Cote CJ, Wilson S; Work group on Sedation. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update. Pediatrics 2006;118:2587-2602
3. Onody P, Gil P, Hennequin M. Safety of inhalation of a 50% nitrous oxide/oxygen premix: a prospective survey of 35 828 administrations. Drug Saf 2006;29:633-640
4. Gall O, Annequin D, Benoit G, Glabeke E, Vrancea F, Murat I. Adverse events of premixed nitrous oxide and oxygen for procedural sedation in children. Lancet 2001;358:1514-1515
5. Annequin D, Carbajal R, Chauvin P, Gall O, Tourniaire B, Murat I. Fixed 50% nitrous oxide oxygen mixture for painful procedures: a French survey. Pediatrics 2000;105:e47
6. Kalach N, Barbier C, el Kohen R, Begon-Lours J, Nyombe- Nzungu P, Sonna M, Laurent A, Kremp O. [Tolerance of nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation for painful procedures in emergency pediatrics: report of 600 cases]. Arch Pediatr 2002;9: 1213-1215
7. Kanagasundaram SA, Lane LJ, Cavalletto BP, Keneally JP, Cooper MG. Efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide in alleviating pain and anxiety during painful procedures. Arch Dis Child 2001;84:492-495
8. Frampton A, Browne GJ, Lam LT, Cooper MG, Lane LG. Nurse administered relative analgesia using high concentration nitrous oxide to facilitate minor procedures in children in an emergency department. Emerg Med J 2003;20:410-413
9. Babl FE, Oackley E, Seaman C, Barnett P, Sharwood LN. High-concentration nitrous oxide for procedural sedation in children: adverse events and depth of sedation. Pediatrics 2008;121:e528-32
10. Zier JL, Drake GJ, McCormick PC, Clinch KM, Cornfield DN. Case-series of nurse-administered nitrous oxide for urinary catheterization in children. Anesth Analg 2007;104:876-879
11. Farrell MK, Drake GJ, Rucker D, Finkelstein M, Zier JL. Creation of a nurse-administered nitrous oxide sedation program for radiology and beyond. Pediatr Nurs 2008;34:29-35
12. Hoffman GM, Nowakowski R, Troshynski TJ, Berens RJ, Weisman SJ. Risk reduction in pediatric procedural sedation by application of an American Academy of Pediatrics/ American Society of Anesthesiologists process model. Pediatrics 2002;109:236-243
13. Cravero JP, Beach ML, Blike GT, Gallagher SM, Hertzog JH; Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. The incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation/anesthesia with propofol for procedures outside the operating room: a report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Anesth Analg 2009;108:795-804
14. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Drugs, and Section on Anesthesiology. Guidelines for the elective use of conscious sedation, deep sedation, and general anesthesia in pediatric patients. Pediatrics 1985;76:317-321
15. Burnweit C, Diana-Zerpa JA, Nahmad MH, Lankau CA, Weinberger M, Malvezzi L, Smith L, Shapiro T, Thayer K. Nitrous oxide analgesia for minor pediatric surgical procedures: an effective alternative to conscious sedation? J Pediatr Surg 2004;39:495-499
16. Luhmann JD, Kennedy RM, Jaffe DM, McAllister JD. Continuous-flow delivery of nitrous oxide and oxygen: a safe and cost-effective technique for inhalation analgesia and sedation of pediatric patients. Pediatr Emerg Care 1999;15:388-392
17. Keidan I, Zaslansky R, Weinberg M, Ben-Shlush A, Jacobson JM, Augarten A, Mor Y. Sedation during voiding cystourethrography: comparison of the efficacy and safety of using oral midazolam and continuous flow nitrous oxide. J Urol 2005; 174:1598-1601
18. Houpt MI, Limb R, Livingston RL. Clinical effects of nitrous oxide conscious sedation in children. Pediatr Dent 2004;26: 29-36
19. Hammond NI, Full CA. Nitrous oxide analgesia and children's perception of pain. Pediatr Dent 1984;6:238-242
20. Wilson S. A survey of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry membership: nitrous oxide and sedation. Pediatr Dent 1996;18:287-293
21. Houpt M. Project USAP 2000-use of sedative agents by pediatric dentists: a 15-year follow-up survey. Pediatr Dent 2002;24:289-294
22. Klein U, Bucklin BA, Poulton TJ, Bozinov D. Nitrous oxide concentrations in the posterior nasopharynx during administration by nasal mask. Pediatr Dent 2004;26:410-416
23. Lannes M, Desparmet JF, Zifkin BG. Generalized seizures associated with nitrous oxide in an infant. Anesthesiology 1997;87:705-708
24. Sanders RD, Weimann J, Maze M. Biologic effects of nitrous oxide: a mechanistic and toxicologic review. Anesthesiology 2008;109:707-722
25. Henderson JM, Spence DG, Komocar LM, Bonn GE, Stenstrom RJ. Administration of nitrous oxide to pediatric patients provides analgesia for venous cannulation. Anesthesiology 1990;72:269-271
26. Furuya A, Masaki I, Suwa M, Nishi M, Horimoto Y, Sato H, Okuyama K, Ishiyama T, Matsukawa T. The effective time and concentration of nitrous oxide to reduce venipuncture pain in children. J Clin Anesth 2009;21:190-193
27. Litman RS, Berkowitz RJ, Ward DS. Levels of consciousness and ventilatory parameters in young children during sedation with oral midazolam and nitrous oxide. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:671-675