High-concentration nitrous oxide for procedural sedation in children: Adverse events and depth of sedation

Pediatrics

Volumn 121, Issue 3, 2008, Pages

  Babl, Franz E ^a,b   Oakley, Ed ^a   Seaman, Cameron ^a   Barnett, Peter ^a   Sharwood, Lisa N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Adverse events; Emergency department; Nitrous oxide; Procedural sedation and analgesia

Indexed keywords

NITROUS OXIDE; NITROUS OXIDE PLUS OXYGEN; INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ANALGESIA; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DEEP SEDATION; DRUG SAFETY; EMERGENCY WARD; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; SEDATION; SIDE EFFECT; VOMITING; ANESTHESIA; ANESTHETIC RECOVERY; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; DOSE RESPONSE; EMERGENCY; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; INFANT; METHODOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROBABILITY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

ADOLESCENT; ANESTHESIA; ANESTHESIA RECOVERY PERIOD; ANESTHETICS, INHALATION; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; EMERGENCIES; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; NITROUS OXIDE; PROBABILITY; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 40949121526     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-1044     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Krauss B. Continuous-flow nitrous oxide: searching for the ideal procedural anxiolytic for toddlers. Ann Emerg Med. 2001; 37(l):61-62
2. Krauss B, Green SM. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Lancet. 2006;367(9512):766-780
3. Babl F, Priestley S, Krieser D, et al. Development and implementation of an education and credentialing programme to provide safe paediatric procedural sedation in emergency departments. Emerg Med Australas. 2006;18(5-6):489-497
4. Priestley S, Babl FE, Krieser D, et al. Evaluation of the impact of a paediatric procedural sedation credentialing programme on quality of care. Emerg M.ed Australas. 2006;18(5-6):498-504
5. Hoffman GM, Nowakowski R, Troshynski TJ, Berens RJ, Weisman SJ. Risk reduction in pediatric procedural sedation by application of an American Academy of Pediatrics/American Society of Anesthesiologists process model. Pediatrics. 2002; 109(2):236-243
6. Evans JK, Buckley SL, Alexander AH, Gilpin AT. Analgesia for the reduction of fractures in children: a comparison of nitrous oxide with intramuscular sedation. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995; 15(l):73-77
7. Gregory PR, Sullivan JA. Nitrous oxide compared with intravenous regional anesthesia in pediatric forearm fracture manipulation. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16(2):187-191
8. Hennrikus WL, Simpson RB, Klingelberger CE, Reis MT. Self-administered nitrous oxide analgesia for pediatric fracture reductions. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14(4):538-542
9. Luhmann JD, Kennedy RM, Porter FL, Miller JP, Jaffe DM. A randomized clinical trial of continuous-flow nitrous oxide and midazolam for sedation of young children during laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37(1 ):20-27
10. Luhmann JD, Schoolman M, Luhmann SJ, Kennedy RM. A randomized comparison of nitrous oxide plus hematoma block versus ketamine plus midazolam for emergency department forearm fracture reduction in children. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/118/4/el078
11. Lyratzopoulos G, Blain KM. Inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide as an alternative to dental general anaesthesia for children. J Public Health Med. 2003;25(4):303-312
12. Frampton A, Browne GJ, Lam LT, Cooper MG, Lane LG. Nurse administered relative analgesia using high concentration nitrous oxide to facilitate minor procedures in children in an emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2003;20(5):410-413
13. Zier JL, Drake GJ, McCormick PC, Clinch KM, Cornfield DN. Case-series of nurse-administered nitrous oxide for urinary catheterisation in children. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(4): 876-879
14. Cravero JP, Blike GT. Pediatric anesthesia in the nonoperating room setting. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2006;19(4):443-449
15. Annequin D, Carbajal R, Chauvin P, Gall O, Tourniaire B, Murat I. Fixed 50% nitrous oxide oxygen mixture for painful procedures: a French survey. Pediatrics. 2000;]05(4). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/105/4/e47
16. Gall O, Annequin D, Benoit G, Glabeke E, Vrancea F, Murat J. Adverse events of premixed nitrous oxide and oxygen for procedural sedation in children. Lancet. 2001:1514-1515
17. Babl FE, Puspitadewi A, Barnett P, Oakley E, Spicer M. Pre- procedural fasting state and adverse events in children receiving nitrous oxide for procedural sedation and analgesia. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2005;21 (11 ):736-743