Effects of sex, race, and puberty on cortical bone and the functional muscle bone unit in children, adolescents, and young adults

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 95, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1681-1689

  Leonard, Mary B ^a,b   Elmi, Angelo ^c   Mostoufi Moab, Sogol ^a   Shults, Justine ^b   Burnham, Jon M ^a   Thayu, Meena ^a   Kibe, Lucy ^a   Wetzsteon, Rachel J ^a   Zemel, Babette S ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; BONE DENSITY; BONE MINERAL; CHILD; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICAL BONE; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MUSCLE FUNCTION; NORMAL HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBERTY; RACE DIFFERENCE; SCHOOL CHILD; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; ADIPOSE TISSUE; AGING; ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY COMPOSITION; BONE; BONE DEVELOPMENT; CAUCASIAN; COMPARATIVE STUDY; NEGRO; PHYSIOLOGY; REFERENCE VALUE; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; SKELETAL MUSCLE; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGING; ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY COMPOSITION; BONE AND BONES; BONE DENSITY; BONE DEVELOPMENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PUBERTY; REFERENCE VALUES; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77951649974     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: 0021972X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1913     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Duan Y, Beck TJ, Wang XF, Seeman E 2003 Structural and biomechanical basis of sexual dimorphism in femoral neck fragility has its origins in growth and aging. J Bone Miner Res 18:1766-1774
2. Seeman E 2008 Structural basis of growth-related gain and age-related loss of bone strength. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47(Suppl 4): iv2-iv8
3. Seeman E 2002 Pathogenesis of bone fragility in women and men. Lancet 359:1841-1850 (Pubitemid 34607063)
4. Baron JA, Barrett J, Malenka D, Fisher E, Kniffin W, Bubolz T, Tosteson T 1994 Racial differences in fracture risk. Epidemiology 5:42-47
5. Rauch F, Schoenau E 2001 The developing bone: slave or master of its cells and molecules? Pediatr Res 50:309-314
6. Parfitt AM 1994 The two faces of growth: benefits and risks to bone integrity. Osteoporos Int 4:382-398
7. Schiessl H, Frost HM, Jee WS 1998 Estrogen and bone-muscle strength and mass relationships. Bone 22:1-6
8. Schoenau E, Neu CM, Mokov E, Wassmer G, Manz F 2000 Influence of puberty on muscle area and cortical bone area of the forearm in boys and girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:1095-1098
9. Högler W, Blimkie CJ, Cowell CT, Kemp AF, Briody J, Wiebe P, Farpour-Lambert N, Duncan CS, Woodhead HJ 2003 A comparison of bone geometry and cortical density at the mid-femur between prepuberty and young adulthood using magnetic resonance imaging. Bone 33:771-778
10. Ogden CL, Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Guo S, Wei R, Grummer-Strawn LM, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL 2002 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version. Pediatrics 109:45-60
11. Tanner JM 1962 Growth at adolescence. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publication
12. Morris NM, Udry JR 1980 Validation of a self-administered instrument to assess stage of adolescent development. J Youth Adoles 9:271-280
13. Liu D, Manske SL, Kontulainen SA, Tang C, Guy P, Oxland TR, McKay HA 2007 Tibial geometry is associated with failure load ex vivo: a MRI, pQCT and DXA study. Osteoporos Int 18:991-997
14. Wu T, Mendola P, Buck GM 2002 Ethnic differences in the presence of secondary sex characteristics and menarche among US girls: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Pediatrics 110:752-757
15. Kalkwarf HJ, Zemel BS, Gilsanz V, Lappe JM, Horlick M, Oberfield S, Mahboubi S, Fan B, Frederick MM, Winer K, Shepherd JA 2007 The bone mineral density in childhood study: bone mineral content and density according to age, sex, and race. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:2087-2099
16. Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL 2002 Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. JAMA 288:1728-1732
17. Högler W, Blimkie CJ, Cowell CT, Inglis D, Rauch F, Kemp AF, Wiebe P, Duncan CS, Farpour-Lambert N, Woodhead HJ 2008 Sex-specific developmental changes in muscle size and bone geometry at the femoral shaft. Bone 42:982-989
18. Schoenau E, Neu CM, Rauch F, Manz F 2002 Gender-specific pubertal changes in volumetric cortical bone mineral density at the proximal radius. Bone 31:110-113 (Pubitemid 34754435)
19. Wang Q, Alén M, Nicholson PH, Halleen JM, Alatalo SL, Ohlsson C, Suominen H, Cheng S 2006 Differential effects of sex hormones on peri- and endocortical bone surfaces in pubertal girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:277-282
20. Wang Q, Nicholson PH, Suuriniemi M, Lyytikäinen A, Helkala E, Alen M, Suominen H, Cheng S 2004 Relationship of sex hormones to bone geometric properties and mineral density in early pubertal girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:1698-1703
21. Lapauw BM, Taes Y, Bogaert V, Vanbillemont G, Goemaere S, Zmierczak HG, De Bacquer D, Kaufman JM 2009 Serum estradiol is associated with volumetric BMD and modulates the impact of physical activity on bone size at the age of peak bone mass: a study in healthy male siblings. J Bone Miner Res 24:1075-1085
22. Schoenau E, Neu CM, Beck B, Manz F, Rauch F 2002 Bone mineral content per muscle cross-sectional area as an index of the functional muscle-bone unit. J Bone Miner Res 17:1095-1101
23. Raubenheimer D 1995 Problems with ratio analysis in nutritional studies. Funct Ecol 9:21-29
24. Allison DB, Paultre F, Goran MI, Poehlman ET, Heymsfield SB 1995 Statistical considerations regarding the use of ratios to adjust data. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 19:644-652
25. XuL, Nicholson P, Wang Q, Alén M, Cheng S 2009 Bone and muscle development during puberty in girls: a 7-year longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res 24:1693-1698
26. Gilsanz V, Skaggs DL, Kovanlikaya A, Sayre J, Loro ML, Kaufman F, Korenman SG 1998 Differential effect of race on the axial and appendicular skeletons of children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:1420-1427
27. Wetzsteon RJ, Hughes JM, Kaufman BC, Vazquez G, Stoffregen TA, Stovitz SD, Petit MA 2009 Ethnic differences in bone geometry and strength are apparent in childhood. Bone 44:970-975
28. Saeed I, Carpenter RD, Leblanc AD, Li J, Keyak JH, Sibonga JD, Lang TF 2009 Quantitative computed tomography reveals the effects of race and sex on bone size and trabecular and cortical bone density. J Clin Densitom 12:330-336
29. Peacock M, Buckwalter KA, Persohn S, Hangartner TN, Econs MJ, Hui S 2009 Race and sex differences in bone mineral density and geometry at the femur. Bone 45:218-225
30. Looker AC, Melton 3rd LJ, Harris T, Borrud L, Shepherd J, McGowan J 2009 Age, gender, and race/ethnic differences in total body and subregional bone density. Osteoporos Int 20:1141-1149
31. Looker AC, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP, Johnston Jr CC, Lindsay R 1998 Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults. Osteoporos Int 8:468-489