Interpersonal processes in context: Understanding the influence of settings and situations on social interaction

Social Communication

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 363-388

  Snyder, Mark ^a   Stukas, Arthur ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951642307     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203837702     Document Type: Chapter

References (78)

1. Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2003). The silence of the library: Environment, situational norm, and social behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 18–28.
2. Andersen, S. M., & Chen, S. (2002). The relational self: An interpersonal social-cognitive theory. Psychological Review, 109, 619–645.
3. Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). The automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait concept and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 230–244.
4. Barker, R. G. (1968). Ecological psychology: Concepts and methods for studying the environment of human behavior. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
5. Barker, R. G., & Wright, H. F. (1955). Midwest and its children: The psychological ecology of an American town. New York: Harper & Row.
6. Berk, M. S., & Andersen, S. M. (2000). The impact of past relationships on interpersonal behavior: Behavioral confirmation in the social-cognitive process of transference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 546–562.
7. Berkowitz, L. A., & LePage, A. (1967). Weapons as aggression-eliciting stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 202–207.
8. Biesanz, J. C., Neuberg, S. L., Smith, D. M., Asher, T., & Judice, T. N. (2001). When accuracy-motivated perceivers fail: Limited attentional resources and the reemerging self-fulfilling prophecy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 621–629.
9. Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception–behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 893–910.
10. Chen, M., & Bargh, J. A. (1997). Nonconscious behavioral confirmation processes: The selffulfilling consequences of automatic stereotype activation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 541–560.
11. Copeland, J. T. (1994). Prophecies of power: Motivational implications of social power for behavioral confirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 264–277.
12. Crocker, J., Major, B., & Steele, C. (1998). Social stigma. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 504–533). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
13. Denrell, J. (2005). Why most people disapprove of me: Experience sampling in impression formation. Psychological Review, 112, 951–978.
14. Dijksterhuis, A., & Bargh, J. A. (2001). The perception-behavior expressway: Automatic effects of social perception on social behavior. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 33, pp. 1–40). New York: Academic Press.
15. Downey, G., Freitas, A. L., Michaelis, B., & Khouri, H. (1998). The self-fulfilling prophecy in close relationships: Rejection sensitivity and rejection by romantic partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 545–560.
16. Dumont, M., Yzerbyt, V. Y., Snyder, M., Mathieu, B., Comblain, C., & Scaillet, N. (2003). Suppression and hypothesis testing: Does suppressing stereotypes during interactions help to avoid confirmation biases? European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 659–677.
17. Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 735–754.
18. Fiedler, K., & Walther, E. (2004). Stereotyping as inductive hypothesis testing. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
19. Georgesen, J. C., & Harris, M. J. (2000). The balance of power: Interpersonal consequences of differential power and expectancies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1239–1257.
20. Gibson, B., & Werner, C. (1994). Airport waiting areas as behavior settings: The role of legibility cues in communicating the setting program. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 1049–1060.
21. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor.
22. Graham, J. A., Argyle, M., & Furnham, A. (1980). The goal structure of situations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 345–366.
23. Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics: Speech acts (pp. 41–58). New York: Academic Press.
24. Harris, M. J., Lightner, R. M., & Manolis, C. (1998). Awareness of power as a moderator of expectancy effects: Who’s the boss around here? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 20, 220–229.
25. Harris, M. J., Moniz, A. J., Sowards, B. A., & Krane, K. (1994). Mediation of interpersonal expectancy effects: Expectancies about the elderly. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, 36–48.
26. Harris, M. J., & Perkins, R. (1995). Effects of distraction on interpersonal expectancy effects: A social interaction test of the cognitive busyness hypothesis. Social Cognition, 13, 163–182.
27. Harris, M. J., & Rosenthal, R. (1985). Mediation of interpersonal expectancy effects: 31 meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 363–386.
28. Higgins, E. T., & Stangor, C. (1988). Context-driven social judgment and memory: When “behavior engulfs the field” in reconstructive memory. In D. Bar-Tal & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), The social psychology of knowledge (pp. 262–298). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
29. Hilton, J. L., & Darley, J. M. (1985). Constructing other persons: A limit on the effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 1–18.
30. Hilton, J. L., & Darley, J. M. (1991). The effects of interaction goals on person perception. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 24, pp. 236–267). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
31. Ickes, W., Snyder, M., & Garcia, S. (1997). Personality influences on the choice of situations. In R. Hogan, J. A. Johnson, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 165–195). San Diego: Academic Press.
32. Jussim, L. (1989). Teacher expectations: Self-fulfilling prophecies, perceptual biases, and accuracy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 469–480.
33. Kassin, S. M., Goldstein, C. C., & Savitsky, K. (2003). Behavioral confirmation in the interrogation room: On the dangers of presuming guilt. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 187–203.
34. Kelley, H. H. (1997). Expanding the analysis of social orientations by reference to the sequential-temporal structure of situations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 373–404.
35. Klein, O., & Snyder, M. (2003). Stereotypes and behavioral confirmation: From interpersonal to intergroup perspectives. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 153–234). New York: Academic Press.
36. Lau, I. Y-M., Chiu, C. Y., & Lee, S. L. (2001). Communication and shared reality: Implications for the psychological foundations of culture. Social Cognition, 19, 350–371.
37. Lewin, K. (1936). Principles of topological psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
38. Leyens, J.-P., Dardenne, B., Yzerbyt, V., Scaillet, N., & Snyder, M. (1999). Confirmation and disconfirmation: Their social advantages. European Review of Social Psychology, 10, 199–230.
39. Macrae, C. N., & Johnston, L. (1998). Help, I need somebody: Automatic action and inaction. Social Cognition, 16, 400–417.
40. Madon, S., Guyll, M., Spoth, R. L., Cross, S. E., & Hilbert, S. J. (2003). The self-fulfilling influence of mother expectations on children’s underage drinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1188–1205.
41. Malloy, T. E., Albright, L., Kenny, D. A., Agatstein, F., & Winquist, L. (1997). Interpersonal perception and metaperception in non-overlapping social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 390–398.
42. Miller, C. T., Rothblum, E. D., Felicio, D., & Brand, P. (1995). Compensating for stigma: Obese and nonobese women’s reactions to being visible. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1093–1106.
43. Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246–268.
44. Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Mendoza-Denton, R. (2002). Situation-behavior profiles as a locus of consistency in personality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 50–54.
45. Murstein, B. I. (1970). Stimulus-value-role: A theory of marital choice. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 32, 465–481.
46. Neuberg, S. L. (1996). Social motives and expectancy-tinged social interactions. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: The interpersonal context (Vol. 3, pp. 225–261). New York: Guilford.
47. Olson, J. M., Roese, N. J., & Zanna, M. P. (1996). Expectancies. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 211–238). New York: Guilford.
48. Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
49. Perinbanayagam, R. S. (1974/1981). The definition of the situation: An analysis of the ethnomethodological and dramaturgical view. In A. Furnham & M. Argyle (Eds.), The psychology of social situations: Selected readings (pp. 322–345). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
50. Reich, D. A. (2004). What you expect is not always what you get: The roles of extremity, optimism, and pessimism in the behavioral confirmation process. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 199–215.
51. Ridgeway, C. L., & Smith-Lovin, L. (1999). The gender system and interaction. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 191–216.
52. Rosenthal, R. (2002). Covert communication in classrooms, clinics, courtrooms, and cubicles. American Psychologist, 57, 838–849.
53. Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
54. Sells, S. B. (1963). Stimulus determinants of behavior. New York: Ronald.
55. Semin, G. R., & DePoot, C. J. (1997). The question–answer paradigm: You might regret not noticing how a question is worded. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 472–480.
56. Skrypnek, B. J. & Snyder, M. (1982). On the self-perpetuating nature of stereotypes about men and women. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 277–291.
57. Smith, A. E., Jussim, L., & Eccles, J. (1999). Do self-fulfilling prophecies accumulate, dissipate, or remain stable over time? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 548–565.
58. Smith, D. M., Neuberg, S. L., Judice, T. N., & Biesanz, J. C. (1997). Target complicity in the confirmation and disconfirmation of erroneous perceiver expectations: Immediate and longer term implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 974–991.
59. Smith-Lovin, L. (1987). The affective control of events within settings. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 13, 71–101.
60. Snyder, M. (1992). Motivational foundations of behavioral confirmation. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 67–114). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
61. Snyder, M., & Haugen, J. A. (1994). Why does behavioral confirmation occur? A functional perspective on the role of the perceiver. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 218–246.
62. Snyder, M., & Haugen, J. A. (1995). Why does behavioral confirmation occur? A functional perspective on the role of the target. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 963–974.
63. Snyder, M., & Ickes, W. (1985). Personality and social behavior. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 883–948). New York: Random House.
64. Snyder, M., & Kiviniemi, M. T. (2001). Getting what they came for: How power influences the dynamics and outcomes of interpersonal interaction. In A. Y. Lee-Chai & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The use and abuse of power: Multiple perspectives on the causes of corruption (pp. 133–155). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
65. Snyder, M., & Klein, O. (2005). Construing and constructing others: On the reality and generality of the behavioral confirmation scenario. Interaction Studies, 6, 53–67.
66. Snyder, M., & Stukas, A. A., Jr. (1999). Interpersonal processes: The interplay of cognitive, motivational, and behavioral activities in social interaction. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 273–303.
67. Snyder, M., & Swann, W. B. (1978). Hypothesis-testing processes in social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1202–1212.
68. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 656–666.
69. Spears, R., Gordijn, E., Dijksterhuis, A., & Stapel, D. A. (2004). Reaction in action: Intergroup contrast in automatic behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 605–616.
70. Stryker, S. & Burke, P. J. (2000). The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 284–297.
71. Stukas, A. A., Jr., & Snyder, M. (2002). Targets’ awareness of expectations and behavioral confirmation in ongoing interactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 31–40.
72. Stukas, A. A., Jr., & Snyder, M. (2004). The influence of possible future interactions on first encounters. Unpublished manuscript, La Trobe University.
73. Swann, W. B., Jr. (1987). Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1038–1051.
74. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
75. Vescio, T. K., Snyder, M., & Butz, D. A. (2003). Power in stereotypically masculine domains: A social influence strategy X stereotype match model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 1062–1078.
76. Wittenbrink, B., Gist, P. L., & Hilton, J. L. (1997). Structural properties of stereotypic knowledge and their influence on the construal of social situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 526–543.
77. Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C. M., & Park, B. (2001). Spontaneous prejudice in context: Variability in automatically activated attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 815–827.
78. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. (1974). The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 109–120.