The perception-behavior expressway: Automatic effects of social perception on social behavior

Advances in Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 33, Issue , 2001, Pages 1-40

  Dijksterhuis, Ap ^a   Bargh, John A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346975898     PISSN: 00652601     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(01)80003-4     Document Type: Article

References (146)

1. (in press) Aarts H. Dijksterhuis A. Comparability is in the eye of the beholder: Contrast and assimilation effects of primed animal exemplars on person judgments British Journal of Social Psychology 2001
2. Allport G.W. Personality: A psychological interpretation 1937 Holt
3. Anisfield M. Response to Meltzoff and Moore (1977) Science 205 1979 214
4. Aronson J. Lustina M.J. Good C. Keough K. Steele C.M. Brown J. When white men can't do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 35 1999 29 46
5. Bargh J.A. The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency and control in social cognition R.S. Wyer Jr. T.K. Srull The handbook of social cognition Vol. 2 1994 Erlbaum New York 1 40
6. Bargh J.A. The cognitive monster S. Chaiken Y. Trope Dual process theories in social psychology 1999 Guilford Hillsdale, NJ 361 382
7. Bargh J.A. The psychology of the mere J.A. Bargh D. Apsley Unraveling the complexities of social life: A festschrift in honor of Robert B. Zajone 2000 American Psychological Association New York
8. Bargh J.A. Chartrand T.L. The unbearable automaticity of being American Psychologist 54 1999 462 476
9. Bargh J.A. Chen M. Burrows L. The automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait concept and stereotype activation on action Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 1996 230 244
10. (in press) Bargh J.A. Ferguson M.J. Beyond behaviorism: On the automaticity of higher mental processes Psychological Bulletin 2001
11. Baumeister R.F. Leary M.R. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental huam motivation Psychological Bulletin 117 1995 497 529
12. Bavelas J.B. Black A. Lemery C.R. Mullett J. “I show how you feel”: Motor mimicry as a communicative act Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 1986 322 329
13. Bavelas J.B. Black A. Lemery C.R. Mullett J. Motor mimicry as primitive empathy N. Eisenberg J. Strayer Empathy and its development 1987 Cambridge Univ. Press Washington, DC 317 338
14. Berkowitz L. Some effects of thoughts on anti- and prosocial influences of media events: A cognitive-neoassociation analysis Psychological Bulletin 95 1984 410 427
15. Berkowitz L. Some effects of thoughts on anti- and prosocial influences of media events: A cognitive-neoassociation analysis Psychological Bulletin 95 1984 410 427
16. Bernieri F. Coordinated movement and rapport in teacher-student interactions Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 12 1988 120 138
17. Bernieri F. Reznick J.S. Rosenthal R. Synchrony, pseudo synchrony, and dissynchrony: Measuring the entrainment process in mother-infant interactions Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 1988 243 253
18. Bernieri F. Rosenthal R. Interpersonal coordination: Behavioral matching and interactional synchrony R.S. Feldman B. Rime Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior 1991 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge, UK 401 432
19. Biernat M. Manis M. Nelson T.E. Stereotypes and standards of judgment Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 1991 485 499
20. Blair I.V. Banaji M.R. Automatic and controlled processes in gender stereotyping Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 1996 1142 1163
21. Bodenhausen G.V. Lichtenstein M. Social stereotypes and information processing strategies: The impact of task complexity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 1987 871 880
22. Bodenhausen G.V. Macrae C.N. Sherman J.W. On the dialectics of discrimination: Dual processes in social stereotyping S. Chaiken Y. Trope Dual process theories in social psychology 1999 Guilford Cambridge, UK 271 292
23. Bock J.K. Syntactic persistence in sentence production Cognitive Psychology 18 1986 355 387
24. Bock K. Closed-class immanence in sentence production Cognition 31 1989 163 186
25. Breder C.M. Fish schools as operational structures Fishery Bulletin 74 1976 471 502
26. Brewer M.B. A dual process model of impression formation R.S. Wyer Jr. T.K. Srull Advances in social cognition Vol. 1 1988 Erlbaum New York 1 36
27. Buytendijk F.J.J. De wijsheid der mieren The intelligence of ants 1922 Meulenhoff Hillsdale, NJ
28. Capella J.N. Mutual influence in expressive behavior: Adult-adult and infant-adult dyadic interaction Psychological Bulletin 89 1981 101 132
29. Caporael L.R. Dawes R.M. Orbell J.M. van der Kragt A. Selfishness examined: Cooperation in the absence of egoistic incentives Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 1989 683 739
30. Carpenter W.B. Principles of mental physiology 1874 Appleton Amsterdam
31. Carver C.S. Ganellen R.J. Froming W.J. Chambers W. Modeling: An analysis in terms of category accessibility Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19 1983 403 421
32. Carver C.S. Scheier M.F. Attention and self-regulation: A control-theory approach to human behavior 1981 Springer-Verlag New York
33. Charney E.J. Psychosomatic manifestations of rapport in psychotherapy Psychosomatic Medicine 28 1966 305 315
34. Chartrand T.L. Bargh J.A. The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 1999 893 910
35. Chen M. Bargh J.A. Nonconscious behavioral confirmation processes: The self-fulfilling nature of automatically activated stereotypes Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 33 1997 541 560
36. Cohen J.D. Dunbar K. McClelland J.L. On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect Psychological Review 97 1990 332 361
37. Condon W.S. Ogston W.D. Sound film analysis of normal and pathological behavior patterns Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 143 1966 338 347
38. Condon W.S. Sander L.W. Synchrony demonstrated between movements of the neonate and adult speech Child Development 45 1974 456 462
39. Decety J. Jeannerod M. Germain M. Pastene J. Vegetative response during imagined movement is proportional to mental effort Behavioural Brain Research 42 1991 1 5
40. Dennett D.C. Darwin's dangerous idea 1995 Simon & Schuster New York
41. Devine P.G. Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 1989 5 18
42. Duval S. Wicklund R.A. A theory of objective self-awareness 1972 Academic Press New York
43. (in press) Dijksterhuis A. Automatic social influence: The perception-behavior link as an explanatory mechanism for behavior matching J. Forgas Social Influence: The Sydney symposium of social psychology 2001
44. Dijksterhuis A. Aarts H. Bargh J.A. van Knippenberg A. On the relation between associative strength and automatic behavior Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 36 2000 531 544
45. Dijksterhuis A. Bargh J.A. Miedema J. Of men and mackerels: Attention and automatic behavior H. Bless J.P. Forgas Subjective experience in social cognition and behavior 2000 Psychology Press San Diego 36 51
46. Unpublished manuscript Dijksterhuis A. Corneille O. On the relation between stereotype activation and intellectual performance 2001 University of Nijmegen Philadelphia
47. Manuscript in preparation Dijksterhuis A. Marchand M. The route from stereotype activation to overt behavior 2000 University of Nijmegen
48. (in press) Dijksterhuis A. Spears R. Lepinasse V. Reflecting and deflecting stereotypes: Assimilation and contrast in automatic behavior Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2001
49. Dijksterhuis A. Spears R. Postmes T. Stapel D.A. Koomen W. van Knippenberg A. Scheepers D. Seeing one thing and doing another: Contrast effects in automatic behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 5 1998 862 871
50. Dijksterhuis A. van Knippenberg A. Memory for stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent information as a function of processing pace European Journal of Social Psychology 25 1995 689 694
51. Dijksterhuis A. van Knippenberg A. The knife that cuts both ways: Facilitated and inhbibited access to traits as a result of stereotype activation Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 32 1996 271 288
52. Dijksterhuis A. van Knippenberg A. The relation between perception and behavior or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 1998 865 877
53. Dijksterhuis A. van Knippenberg A. Behavioral indecision: Effects of self-focus on automatic behavior Social Cognition 18 2000 55 74
54. Dimberg U. Facial reactions to facial expressions Psychophysiology 19 1982 643 647
55. Di Pellegrino G. Fadiga L. Fogassi L. Gallese V. Rizzolatti G. Understanding motor events: A Neurophysiological study Experimental Brain Research 91 1992 176 180
56. Dovidio J.F. Evans N. Tyler R.B. Racial stereotypes: The contents of their cognitive representations Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 22 1986 22 37
57. Eidelberg L. Experimenteller Beitrag zum Mechanismus der Imitationsbewegung Jahresbücher für Psychiatrie und Neurologie 46 1929 170 173
58. Epley N. Gilovich T. Just going along: Nonconscious priming and conformity to social pressure Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 35 1999 578 589
59. Erber R. Fiske S.T. Outcome dependency and attention to inconsistent information Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47 1984 709 726
60. Fazio R.H. Sanbonmatsu D.M. Powell M.C. Kardes F.R. On the automatic activation of attitudes Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 1986 229 238
61. Field T. Woodson R. Greenberg R. Cohen D. Discrimination and imitation of facial expression by neonates Science 218 1982 179 181
62. Fiske S.T. Neuberg S.L. A continuum model of impression formation from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation M.P. Zanna Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 3 1990 Academic Press 1 74
63. Gibbons F.X. Self-attention and behavior: A review and theoretical update L. Berkowitz Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 23 1990 249 303
64. Gibson J.J. The ecological approach to visual perception 1979 Houghton-Mifflin San Diego, CA
65. Gilbert D.T. Thinking lightly about others: Automatic components of the social inference process J.S. Uleman J.A. Bargh Unintended thought 1989 Guilford Boston 189 211
66. Greenwald A.G. Sensory feedback mechanisms in performance control: With special reference to the ideomotor mechanism Psychological Review 77 1970 73 99
67. Greenwald A.G. Banaji M.R. Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem and stereo-types Psychological Review 102 1995 4 27
68. Hatfield E. Cacioppo J.T. Rapson R.L. Emotional contagion 1994 Cambridge Univ. Press New York
69. Herr P.M. Consequences of priming: Judgment and behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 1986 1106 1115
70. Herr P.M. Sherman S.J. Fazio R.H. On the consequences of priming: Assimilation and contrast effects Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19 1983 323 340
71. Higgins E.T. Knowledge accessibility and activation: Subjectivity and suffereing from unconscious sources J.S. Uleman J.A. Bargh Unintended thought 1989 Guilford Cambridge, UK 75 123
72. Higgins E.T. Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience E.T. Higgins A.W. Kruglanski Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles 1996 Guilford New York 133 168
73. Higgins E.T. Bargh J.A. Social cognition and social perception M.R. Rosenzweig L.W. Porter Annual review of psychology Vol. 38 1987 Annual Reviews New York 369 425
74. Higgins E.T. Rholes W.S. Jones C.R. Category accessibility and impression formation Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13 1977 141 154
75. Ingle D. Two visual systems in a frog Science 181 1973 1053 1055
76. Jacobson S.W. Kagan J. Response to Meltzoff and Moore (1977) Science 205 1979, July 13 215
77. James W. Principles of psychology 1890 Holt Palo Alto, CA
78. Jastrow J. The subconscious 1908 Houghton—Mifflin New York
79. Jeannerod M. The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 1994 187 245
80. Jeannerod M. The cognitive neuroscience of action 1997 Blackwell Boston
81. Unpublished Manuscript Kawakami K. Young H. Dovidio J.F. Automatic Stereotyping: Category, trait and behavior activations 2000 University of Nyuegen Oxford
82. Kendon A. Movement coordination in social interaction: Some examples described Acta Psychologica 32 1970 1 25
83. Köhler W. The mentality of apes 2nd ed. 1927 Harcourt
84. LaFrance M. Nonverbal synchrony and rapport: Analysis by the cross-bag panel technique Social Psychology Quarterly 42 1979 66 70
85. LaFrance M. Posture mirroring and rapport M. Davis Interaction rhythms: Periodicity in communicative behavior 1982 Human Sciences Press New York 279 298
86. LaFrance M. Broadbent M. Group rapport: Posture sharing as a nonverbal indicator Group and Organization studies 1 1976 328 333
87. LaFrance M. Ickes W. Posture mirroring and interactional involvement: Sex and sex typing effects Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 5 1981 139 154
88. Langer E. Blank A. Chanowitz B. The mindlessness of ostensibly thoughtful action: The role of ‘placebic’ information in interpersonal interaction Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36 1978 635 642
89. Leary M.R. Baumeister R.F. The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory M.P. Zanna Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 32 2000 Academic Press New York 1 62
90. Lepore L. Brown R. Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 1997 275 287
91. Levelt W.J.M. Kelter S. Surface form and memory in question answering Cognitive Psychology 14 1982 78 106
92. Levy B. Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 1996 1092 1107
93. Lhermitte F. “Utilization behaviour” and its relation to lesions of the frontal lobes Brain 106 1983 237 255
94. Logan G.D. Attention and automaticity in Stroop and priming tasks: Theory and data Cognitive Psychology 12 1980 523 553
95. Logan G.D. Cowan W.B. On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A theory of an act of control Psychological Review 91 1984 295 327
96. MacKay The problem of rehearsal or mental practice Journal of Motor behavior 13 1981 274 285
97. Macrae C.N. Bodenhausen G.V. Milne A.B. Castelli L. Schloerscheidt A.M. Greco S. On activating exemplars Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 34 1998 330 354
98. Macrae C.N. Hewstone M. Griffiths R.J. Processing load and memory for stereotype-based information European Journal of Social Psychology 23 1993 77 87
99. Macrae C.N. Johnston L. Help, I need somebody: Automatic action and inaction Social Cognition 16 1998 400 417
100. Macrae C.N. Stangor C. Milne A.B. Activating social stereotypes: A functional analysis Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 30 1994 370 389
101. Manis M. Nelson T.E. Shedler J. Stereotypes and social judgment: Extremity, assimilation, and contrast Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55 1988 28 36
102. McArthur L.Z. Baron R.M. Toward an ecological theory of social perception Psychological Review 90 1983 215 238
103. Meltzoff A.N. Moore M.K. Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates Science 198 1977 75 78
104. Meltzoff A.N. Moore M.K. Note responding to Anisfeld, Masters, and Jacobson and Kagan's comments on Meltzoff and Moore (1977) Science 205 1979 217 219
105. Meltzoff A.N. Moore M.K. Newborn infants imitate adult facial gestures Child development 54 1983 702 709
106. Metcalfe J. Mischel W. A Hot/Cool-System analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of Willpower Psychological Review 106 1999 3 19
107. Milgram S. Behavioral study of obedience Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67 1963 371 378
108. Milner A.D. Goodale M.A. The visual brain in action 1995 Oxford Univ. Press San Diego
109. Müsseler J. Hommel B. Blindness to response-compatible stimuli Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 23 1997 861 872
110. Neely J.H. Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited capacity attention Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1 1977 226 254
111. Norman D.A. Shallice T. Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior R.J. Davidson G.E. Schwartz D. Shapiro Consciousness and self-regulation: Advances in research and theory Vol. 4 1986 Plenum Oxford, UK 1 18
112. Neumann R. Strack F. “Mood contagion”: The automatic transfer of mood between persons Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 2000 211 223
113. O'Toole R. Dubin R. Baby feeding and body sway: An experiment in George Herberts Mead's “Taking the role of the other” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 10 1968 59 65
114. (No. 21) Passingham R. Oxford Psychology Series: The frontal lobes and voluntary action 1993 Oxford Univ. Press New York
115. Paus T. Petrides M. Evans A.C. Meyer E. Role of human anterior cingaluate cortex in the control of oculomotor, manual and speech responses: A positron emission tomography study Journal of Neurophysiology 70 1993 453 469
116. Pitcher T.J. Sensory information and the organization of behavior in a shoaling cyprinid fish Animal Behavior 27 1979 126 149
117. Prinz W. A common coding approach to perception and action O. Neumann W. Prinz Relationships between perception and action 1990 Springer-Verlag Oxford, UK 167 201
118. Provine R.R. Yawning as a stereotypical action pattern and releasing stimulus Ethology 71 1986 109 122
119. Rizzolatti G. Arbib M.A. Language within our grasp Trends in Neuroscience 21 1998 188 194
120. Scheflen A.E. The significance of posture in communication systems Psychiatry 27 1964 316 331
121. Speech and talk Schenkein J. A taxonomy of repeating action sequences in natural conversation B. Butteworth Language production Vol. 1 1980 Academic Press Berlin
122. Schwarz N. Bless H. Constructing reality and its alternatives: An inclusion/exclusion model of assimilation and contrast in social judgment L.L. Martin A. Tesser The construction of social judgments 1992 Erlbaum New York, London 217 245
123. Shallice T. From neuroscience to mental structure 1988 Cambridge Univ. Press Hillsdale, NJ
124. Shih M. Pittinsky T.L. Ambady N. Stereotype susceptibility: Identity salience and shifts in quantitative performance Psychological Science 10 1999 80 83
125. Skinner B.F. The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis 1938 Appleton New York
126. Smith E.E. Jonides J. Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes Science 283 1999 1657 1661
127. Spencer S. Steele C.M. Quinn D. Under suspicion of inability: Stereotype threat and women's math performance Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 35 1999 1 29
128. Srull T.K. Wyer R.S. Jr. The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 1979 1660 1672
129. Srull T.K. Wyer R.S. Jr. Category accessibility and social perception: Some implications for the study of person memory and interpersonal judgments Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38 1980 841 856
130. Stapel D.A. Koomen W. van der Pligt J. The referents of traits inferences: The impact of trait concepts versus actor-trait links on subsequent judgments Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 1996 437 450
131. Stapel D.A. Koomen W. van der Pligt J. Categories of category accessibility: The impact of trait versus exemplar priming on person judgments Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 33 1997 44 76
132. Steele C.M. A threat in the air American Psychologist 52 1997 613 629
133. Steele C.M. Aronson J. Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 1995
134. Stengel E. Vienna M.D. Edin L.R.C.P. A clinical and psychological study of echo-reactions Journal of Mental Science 93 1947 598 612
135. Studdert-Kennedy M. The phoneme as a perceptuomotor structure A. Aliport D.G. MacKay W. Prinz E. Scheerer Language perception and production 1987 Academic New York
136. Strack F. Martin L.L. Stepper S. Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 1988 768 777
137. Tetlock P.E. The impact of accountability on judgment and choice: Toward a social contingency model M.P. Zanna Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 25 1992 Academic Press London 331 376
138. Uleman J.S. Newman L.S. Moskowitz G.B. People as flexible interpreters: Evidence and issues from spontaneous trait inference M.P. Zanna Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 28 1996 Academic Press San Diego, CA 179 211
139. Manuscript in preparation Van Baaren R. de Bouter C. van Knippenberg A. Self-focus and the chameleon effect 2001
140. Vaughan K.B. Lanzetta J.T. Vicarious instigation and conditioning of facial expressive and autonomic responses to a model's expressive display of pain Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38 1980 909 923
141. Watson J.B. Psychology as the behaviorist views it Psychological Review 20 1913 158 177
142. Wheeler L. Toward a theory of behavioral contagion Psychological Review 73 1966 179 192
143. (in press) Wheeler S.C. Jarvis W.B.G. Petty R.E. Think unto others… The self-destructive impact of negative racial stereotypes Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2001
144. Winter L. Uleman J.S. When are social judgments made? Evidence for the spontaneousness of trait inferences Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47 1984 237 252
145. Zajonc R.B. Adelmann K.A. Murphy S.T. Niedenthal P.M. Convergence in the physical appearance of spouses Motivation and Emotion 11 1987 335 346
146. Zajonc R.B. Pietromonaco P. Bargh J.A. Independence and interaction of affect and cognition M.S. Clark S.T. Fiske Affect and cognition: The seventeenth annual Carnegie symposium on cognition 1982 Erlbaum San Diego, CA 211 227