Inflammation and dyslipidaemia: A possible interplay between established risk factors in north Indian males with coronary artery disease

Cardiovascular Journal of Africa

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 103-108

  Goswami, Binita ^a   Rajappa, Medha ^b   Singh, Bhawna ^a   Ray, P C ^c   Kumar, Suresh ^c   Mallika, V ^a  

^a G B PANT HOSPITAL   (India)

^b ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

^c LOK NAYAK HOSPITAL   (India)

Author keywords

Apolipoprotein AI; Apolipoprotein B; C reactive protein; Coronary artery disease; Tumour necrosis factor

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; LIPOPROTEIN A; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; HUMAN; INDIAN; INFLAMMATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEN'S HEALTH; RISK FACTOR;

APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; APOLIPOPROTEINS B; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DYSLIPIDEMIAS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; HUMANS; IMMUNORADIOMETRIC ASSAY; INDIA; INFLAMMATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 77951553772     PISSN: 19951892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease study. Lancet 1997; 49: 1498-1504. (Pubitemid 27216360)
2. Achari V, Thakur AK. Association of major modifiable risk factors among patients with CAD - a retrospective analysis. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52: 103-108. (Pubitemid 44194608)
3. Mckeigne PM, Miller GJ, Marmot MG. Coronary artery disease in south Asians overseas: a review. J Clin Epidemiol 1989; 41: 597-598.
4. Gaziano TA, Reddy KS, Paccaud F. Cardiovascular disease. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR. Disease Control Priorities in the Developing World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006: 645-662.
5. Enas EA, Senthikumar A. Coronary artery disease in Asian Indians. An update and review. Internet J Cardiol 2001; 1: 1-42.
6. Rajappa M, Sharma A. Biomarkers of cardiac injury: An update. Angiology 2005; 56: 677-691.
7. Braundwald E. Heart Disease. A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 5th edn. New York: WB Saunders, 1997; Vol 2: 1105-1160.
8. Mallika V, Goswami B, Rajappa M. Atherosclerosis - pathophysiology and role of novel risk factors: a clinico-biochemical perspective. Angiology 2007; 58: 513-522. (Pubitemid 47622823)
9. Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 1135-1143.
10. Plutzky J. Inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88(Suppl): 10K-15K.
11. Khovindhunkit W, Kim MS, Memon RA. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host. J Lipid Res 2004; 45: 1169-1196.
12. Harb TS, Zareba W, Moss AJ, Ridker PM, Rifai N, Marder WJ, et al. Association between inflammatory markers, hemostatic and lipid factors in post infarction patients. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 1120-1123. (Pubitemid 36514933)
13. Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Barband JP. Myocardial infarction redefined - a consensus document of the joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 959-969.
14. Schillinger M, Exner M, Mlekusch W, Sabeti S, Amighi J, Nikowitsch R, et al. Inflammation and Carotid Artery - Risk for Atherosclerosis study (ICARAS). Circulation 2005; 111: 2203-2209. (Pubitemid 40632436)
15. American Diabetic Association. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1183-1201.
16. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18: 499-502.
17. Yusuf S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular disease: A review of evidence. In: Sethi KK, ed. Coronary Artery Disease in Indians: A Global Perspective. Mumbai: Cardiological Society of India, 1998: 11-25.
18. Enas EA, Yusuf S, Mehta JL. Prevalence of coronary artery disease in Asian Indians. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70: 945-949.
19. Wood D. Established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors. Am Heart J 2001; 141: S49-57.
20. Libby P. Vascular biology of atheroscterosis overview and state of the Art. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91(Suppl): 3A-6A. (Pubitemid 36351456)
21. Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature 1993; 362: 801-809.
22. Buja LM. Does atherosclerosis have an infectious etiology? Circulation 1996; 94: 872-873.
23. Ross R. Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 115-120.
24. Rader DJ. Inflammatory markers of coronary risk. N Engl J Med 2000; 343; 1179-1182.
25. Alexander RW. Inflammation and coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 468-469.
26. McGovern PG, Pankow JS, Shahar E for the Minnesota Heart survey investigations. Recent trends in acute coronary heart disease mortality, morbidity, medical care and risk factors. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 884-890.
27. Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest 2003; l11(12): 1805-1812.
28. Torzewski M, Rist C, Mortensen RF, Zwaka TP. C-reactive protein in the arterial intima: role of C-reactive protein receptor dependent monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 2094-2099.
29. Fichtscherer S, Rosmbingr G, Walter DH, Breur S. Elevated C-reactive protein and improved endothelial reactivity in patents with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000; 102: 1000-1016.
30. Venugopalan SK, Devaraj S, Yuhana I, Shaul P. Demonstration that C-reactive protein decreases eNOS expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells. Circulation 2002; 106: 1439-1441.
31. Zwaka TP, Hombach V, Torzewski J. C-reactive protein mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages: implications for atherosclerosis. Circulation 2001; 103: 1194-1197. (Pubitemid 32221339)
32. Cermark J, Key N, Bach R, Balla J. C-reactive protein induces human peripheral blood monocytes to synthesize tissue factor. Blood 1993; 82: 513-520. (Pubitemid 23206115)
33. Buffon A, Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, D'onofrio G, Crea F, Maseri A. Widespread coronary inflammation in unstable angina. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 5-12.
34. Kinjo K, Sato H, Ohnishi Y, Hishida E. Impact of high sensitivity C-reactive protein on predicting long term mortality of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 931-935. (Pubitemid 36398523)
35. St Pierre AC, Bergeron J, Pirro M, Cantin B. Effect of plasma C-reactive protein levels in modulating the risk of coronary heart disease associated with small dense, low density lipoproteins in men. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 555-558. (Pubitemid 36263254)
36. Koenig W. Is hs CRP back on board? Implications from the JUPITER trial. Clin Chem 2009; 55(2): 216-218.
37. Devraj S, Singh U, Jialal I. The evolving role of C-reactive protein in atherothrombosis. Clin Chem 2009; 55(2): 229-238.
38. Wang X, Liao D, Bharadwaj U, Li M, Yao Q, Chen C. C-reactive protein inhibits cholesterol efflux from human macrophage derived foam cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28: 519-526.
39. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfiffer M, Sacks F. Elevation of tumour necrosis factor α and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2000; 101: 2149-2153. (Pubitemid 30253042)
40. Gotsman I, Stabholz A, Planer D, Pugatsch T, Lapidus L, Novikov Y, et al. Serum cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 associated with the severity of coronary artery disease: indicators of an active inflammatory burden? Isr Med Assoc J 2008; 10: 494-498.
41. Oden M. Tumour necrosis factor α as a myocardial depressant substance. Int J Cardiol 1993; 42: 231-238. (Pubitemid 2027096)
42. Pwdil R, Pidrman V, Krejsek J. Gregor J. Cytokines and adhesion molecules in the course of acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem Acta 1999; 280: 127-134. (Pubitemid 29094588)
43. Stampfer MJ, Sacks FM, Salvini S, Willett WC. A prospective study of cholesterol, apolipoprotein and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 375-381.
44. Hirschl MM, Gwechenberger M, Binder T, Binder M. Assessment of myocardial injury by serum tumour necrosis factor alpha measurements in acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 1852-1859. (Pubitemid 26413919)
45. Rajappa M, Sen SK, Sharma A. Role of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines and their correlation with established risk factors in South Indians with coronary artery disease. Angiology 2009; 60: 419-426.
46. Wojciech K, Roksolana D, Monika PK, Alina O, Walentyna M. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 and their relationship with left ventricular diastolic function in patients with stable angina pectoris and preserved left ventricular systolic performance. Coron Artery Dis 2008; 19(6): 375-382.
47. Goswami B, Rajappa M, Mallika V, Shukla DK, Kumar S. TNF-α/IL-10 ratio and C-reactive protein as markers of the inflammatory response in CAD-prone North Indian patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 408: 14-18.
48. Scanu AM. Lipoprotein (a): a genetic risk factor for premature coronary artery disease. J Am Med Assoc 1992; 267: 3326-3329.
49. Luthra K, Misra A, Srivastava LM. Lipoprotein (a): Biology and role in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Curr Sci 1999; 76: 1553-1560. (Pubitemid 129563428)
50. Rhoads GG, Dahlen G, Berg K, et al. Lipoprotein (a) as a risk factor for myocardial infarction. J Am Med Assoc 1986; 256: 2540-2544. (Pubitemid 17025291)
51. Rajappa M, Sridhar MG, Balachander J, Sethuraman KR. Lipoprotein (a) and comprehensive lipid tetrad index as a marker for coronary artery disease in NIDDM patients in South India. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 372: 70-75. (Pubitemid 44286759)
52. Dahlen G. Lipoprotein (a) in cardiovascular disease: review article and viewpoint. Atherosclerosis 1994; 108: 111-126.
53. Singh RB, Ghosh S, Niaz MA. Epidemiologic study of diet and coronary risk factors in relation to central obesity and insulin levels in rural and urban populations of North India. Int J Cardiol 1995; 47: 245-255.
54. Watts GF, Gwjlym RM, Mazurkiewicz J, et al. Independent correlation between plasma lipoprotein (a) and angiographic coronary artery disease in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 234-236.
55. Stampfer MJ, Krauss RM, Ma J, Blanche PJ, Holl LG, Sacks FM, et al. A study of triglyceride level, low-density lipoprotein particle diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction. J Am Med Assoc 1996; 276: 882-888. (Pubitemid 26301607)
56. St-Pierre AC, Cantin B, Dagenais GR, Mauriege P, Bernard PM, Despres JP, et al. Low-density lipoprotein subfractions and the long-term risk of ischemic heart disease in men: 13-year follow-up data from the Quebec Cardiovascular Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 553-559. (Pubitemid 40315677)
57. Bjornheden T, Babyi A, Bondjers G, Wiklund O. Accumulation of lipoprotein fractions and subfractions in the arterial wall, determined in an in vitro perfusion system. Atherosclerosis 1996; 123: 43-56. (Pubitemid 26175068)
58. Tribble DL, Rizzo M, Chait A, Lewis DM, Blanche PJ, Krauss RM. Enhanced oxidative susceptibility and reduced antioxidant content of metabolic precursors of small, dense low-density lipoproteins. Am J Med 2001; 110: 103-110. (Pubitemid 32126429)
59. Galeano NF, Al-Haideri M, Keyserman F, Rumsey SC, Deckelbaum RJ. Small dense low density lipoprotein has increased affinity for LDL receptor-independent cell surface binding sites: a potential mechanism for increased atherogenicity. J Lipid Res 1998; 39: 1263-1273. (Pubitemid 28270090)
60. Anuurad E, Rubin J, Chiem A, Tracy RP, Pearson TA, Berglund L. High levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with increased allele-specific apolipoprotein(a) levels in African-Americans. J Clin Endocrin Metabol 2008; 93(4): 1482-1488. (Pubitemid 351519752)
61. Goswami B, Mallika V, Rajappa M, Kumar S, Shukla DK. Apo-B/Apo-A-I ratio: a better discriminator of coronary artery disease risk than other conventional lipid ratios in Indian patients with acute myocardial infarction. Acta Cardiol 2008; 63: 749-755.
62. Lamarche B, Despres JP, Moorjani S, Cantin B, Dagenais GR, Lupien PJ. Prevalence of dyslipidemic phenotypes in ischemic heart disease (prospective results from the Quebec Cardiovascular study). Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 1189-1195. (Pubitemid 28487071)
63. Berglund L, Ramakrishnan R. Lipoprotein (a). An elusive cardiovascular risk factor. Arterioscler, Thrombosis, Vasc Biol 2004; 24: 2219. (Pubitemid 39658021)
64. Ramharack R, Barkalow D, Spahr MA. Dominant negative effect of TGF-β1 and TNF- on basal and IL-6-induced lipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein (a) mRNA expression in primary monkey hepatocyte cultures. Arterioscler, Thrombosis, Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 984-990. (Pubitemid 28272595)
65. Cabana VG, Seigel JN, Sabesin SM. Effect of acute phase response on the concentration and density distribution of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins. J Lipid Res 1989; 30: 39-49.
66. Hardardottir I, Grunfeld C, Feingoid KR. Effects of endotoxin and cytokines on lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 1994; 5: 207-215. (Pubitemid 24198817)
67. Skoog T, Dichtl W, Boguist S. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha and early carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle aged men. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 376-383. (Pubitemid 35204198)
68. Feingold KR, Memon RA, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. Paraoxonase activity in the serum and hepatic mRNA levels decrease during the acute phase response. Atherosclerosis 1998; 139: 307-315. (Pubitemid 28361815)
69. Feingold KR, Judy K, Shigenaga LG, et al. Infection and inflammation decrease apolipoprotein M expression. Atherosclerosis 2008; 199: 19-26.
70. Ly H, Franconi OL, Fielding CJ. Endotoxin and TNF lead to reduced LCAT activity and decreased hepatic LCAT-mRNA levels in Syrian hamsters. J Lipid Res 1995; 36: 1254-1263.