Public health interpretation of trihalomethane blood levels in the United States: NHANES 1999-2004

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 255-262

  LaKind, Judy S ^a,b   Naiman, Daniel Q ^c   Hays, Sean M ^d   Aylward, Lesa L ^d   Blount, Benjamin C ^e  

^a LaKind Associates LLC   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Johns Hopkins University   (United States)

^d LLP   (United States)

^e NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomonitoring equivalent; Blood; Chloroform; DBPs; NHANES; THMs

Indexed keywords

TRIHALOMETHANE;

ARTICLE; BLOOD; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; GOVERNMENT; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; NUTRITION; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICS; TIME; UNITED STATES; WATER POLLUTANT;

ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMANS; NUTRITION SURVEYS; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK ASSESSMENT; TIME FACTORS; TRIHALOMETHANES; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 77951498300     PISSN: 15590631     EISSN: 1559064X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/jes.2009.35     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Ashley D.L., Bonin M.A., Cardinali F.L., McCraw J.M., and Wooten J.V. Blood concentrations of volatile organic compounds in a nonoccupationally exposed US population and in groxups with suspected exposure. Clin Chem 1994: 40(7): 1401-1404.
2. Ashley D.L., Blount B.C., Singer P.C., Depaz E., Wilkes C., Gordon S., Lyu C., and Masters J. Changes in blood trihalomethane concentrations resulting from differences in water quality and water use activities. Arch Environ Occup Health 2005: 60: 7-15.
3. Aylward L.L., LaKind J.S., and Hays S.M. Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) dossier for trihalomethanes. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2008: 51(3 Suppl): S68-S77.
4. Bonin M.A., Silva L.K., Smith MMAshley D.L., and Blount B.C. Measurement of trihalomethanes and methyl tert-butyl ether in whole blood using gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2005: 29(2): 81-89.
5. Bove F., Shim Y., and Zeitz P. Drinking water contaminants and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review. Environ Health Perspect 2002: 110(Suppl 1): 61-74.
6. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Division of Laboratory Sciences. Atlanta, GA, 2003.
7. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Division of Laboratory Sciences. Atlanta, GA. http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/report.htm, 2005.
8. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Analytic And Reporting Guidelines. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). National Center for Health Statistics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hyattsville, Maryland, September. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ data/nhanes/nhanes-03-04/nhanes-analytic-guidelines-dec-2005.pdf, 2006.
9. Chamberlain G., and Imbens G.W. Nonparametric applications of bayesian inference. J Business Econ Stat 2003: 21(1): 12-18.
10. Haddad S., Tardif G.C., and Tardif R. Development of physiologically based toxicokinetic models for improving the human indoor exposure assessment to water contaminants: trichloroethylene and trihalomethanes. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2006: 69: 2095-2136.
11. Harrell E. Jr, et al. Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous. R package version 3.5-2 http:// biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/s/Hmisc, http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt. edu/twiki/ pub/Main/RS/sintro.pdf, http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/twiki/pub/ Main/ StatReport/summary.pdf, http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/trac/Hmisc, 2008.
12. Hays SM, Becker RA, Leung HW, Aylward LL, and Pyatt DW Biomonitoring equivalents: a screening approach for interpreting biomonitoring results from a public health risk perspective. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2007: 47(1): 96-109.
13. Hays S.M., Aylward L.L., LaKind J.S., Bartels M.J., Barton H.A., Boogaard P.J. Brunk C., DiZio S., Dourson M., Goldstein D.A., Lipscomb J., Kilpatrick M.E., Krewski D., Krishnan K., Nordberg M., Okino M., Tan Y.M., Viau C., and Yager J.W. Guidelines for the Derivation of Biomonitoring Equivalents: Report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 2008: 51(3 Suppl): S4-15.
14. LaKind J.S., Aylward L.L., Brunk C., DiZio S., Dourson M., Goldstein D.A., Kilpatrick M.E., Krewski D., Bartels M.J., Barton H.A., Boogaard P.J., Lipscomb J., Krishnan K., Nordberg M., Okino M., Tan Y.M., Viau C., Yager J.W., and Hays S.M. Guidelines for the Communication of Biomonitoring Equivalents: Report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol: 51(3 Suppl): S16-S26.
15. R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria, ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org, 2008.
16. Sohn M.D., McKone T.E., and Blancato J.N. Reconstructing population exposures from dose biomarkers: inhalation of trichloroethylene (TCE) as a case study. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 2004: 14: 204-213.
17. Tan Y.M., Liao K.H., Conolly R.B., Blount B.C., Mason A.M., and Clewell H.J. Use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to identify exposures consistent with human biomonitoring data for chloroform. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2006: 69: 1727-1756.
18. Tan Y.M., Liao K.H., and Clewell H.J. Reverse dosimetry: interpreting trihalomethanes biomonitoring data using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2007: 17(7): 591-603.
19. Tardiff R.G., Carson M.L., and Ginevan M.E. Updated weight of evidence for an association between adverse reproductive and developmental effects and exposure to disinfection by-products. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2006: 45(2): 185-205.
20. USEPA. Implementation Guidance for the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule, Office of Water EPA 816-R-01-012. June 2001 Available: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/s1dbprimplguid.pdf 2001.
21. USEPA. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Brominated Trihalomethanes, Office of Water EPA-822-R-05-11. 2005.
22. USEPA. 40 CFR Parts 9, 141, and 142 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule; Final Rule. Available: http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/2006/January/ Day-04/w03.pdf, 2006.
23. USEPA. Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproduct Rule (Stage 2 DBP rule). Available: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/stage2/basicinfor mation.html#ten, 2006b.
24. USEPA. Integrated Risk Information System. Chloroform, last updated on Wednesday, March 8th, 2006. Available: http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/ 0025.htm, 2006c.
25. USEPA. Concepts, Methods and Data Sources for Cumulative Health Risk Assessment of Multiple Chemicals, Exposures and Effects: A Resource Document, ORD, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA/600/R-06/013f 2007.
26. USEPA. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Chloroform (CASRN 67-66-3). http://www.epa.gov/NCEA/iris/subst/0025.htm, 2008.
27. Windham G.C., Waller K., Anderson M., Fenster L., Mendola P., and Swan S. Chlorination by-products in drinking water and menstrual cycle function. Environ Health Perspect 2003: 111(7): 935-941.